QoS Issues in Heterogeneous IP Networks - Aalto · 2006-09-20 · Wendong WANG Broadband Network Research Center (BNRC) State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology

WendongWendong WANGWANGBroadband Network Research Center (BNRC)Broadband Network Research Center (BNRC)

State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologySchool of Computer Science & TechnologySchool of Computer Science & Technology

Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsSeptember 2006September 2006

QoSQoS Issues Issues in Heterogeneous IP Networksin Heterogeneous IP Networks

Lecture 4 of 4: Lecture 4 of 4: QoSQoS in heterogeneous IP Networks in heterogeneous IP Networks

2006-9-20计算机科学与技术学院计算机科学与技术学院

国家重点实验室国家重点实验室宽带网研究中心宽带网研究中心22王文东王文东

Contents OverviewContents OverviewCourse introductionQoS backgroundQoS ConceptQoS StandardizationQoS TechnologiesQoS in heterogeneous IP Networks



QoS in heterogeneous IP Networks



AgendaAgenda

QoS in heterogeneous fixed IP NetworksQoS managementQoS measurement

QoS in wireless IP NetworksQoS in heterogeneous fixed/wireless IP Networks



QoS in heterogeneous fixed IP Networks



DiffServ Network

R

R R

LAN/WAN edge routers

IntServ/RSVP

L/W1

R

R

IntServ/RSVP

L/W2

RR

Enabled RSVP messagesDisabled RSVP messagesReserved Data Packets

Network Links

DiffServ Data Packets

Host Host

IntServIntServ over over DiffServDiffServ



DiffServDiffServ over MPLS/MPLS TEover MPLS/MPLS TE

IGP OSPF

IGP OSPF

IGP OSPF

IBGP

EBGP

EBGP

EBGP

As 500

As 300

As 100As 200

As 400

EBGP

IGP OSPF

MPLS/MPLS TE

DiffServ

DiffServ



IntServIntServ vsvs DiffServDiffServ vsvs MPLS/MPLS TEMPLS/MPLS TE



QoS Management



Time Scales of different Time Scales of different QoSQoS mechanismsmechanisms



User/ServiceRequirementSpecification

CACResource allocation

Performance Monitoring

Congestion Detection

Feedback Control

Short Term Short Term ControlControl

PerformanceAnalysis

Performancestatistic

Traffic dimensioning

Long Term Long Term ControlControl

QoSQoS Management ModelManagement Model



Service Specification：Source/Destination IP Address, Source/Destination port number, etc.Service scope: Networks, Ingress ER, Egress ER, etc.Service type: VoIP, VoD, VPN, etc.Service performance: Bandwidth, Delay, Jitter, Loss, etcService duration: Start/Stop time.Service traffic processing strategiesOther issues for service contact (Discount, special packets, etc. )

QoSQoS ManagementManagement



Layered Services SpecificationLayered Services Specification

Service contractTechnical & non-technical issues

IP Service traffic characteristicsNetwork QoS guarantee

Network QoS capabilitiesEdge to Edge traffic aggregates

QoS Capabilities: TCA/TCSCore and Edge routers

ImplementationProducts’ specifications

Service Level AgreementService Level Agreement（（SLASLA））

Service Level SpecificationService Level Specification（（SLSSLS））

QoSQoS ClassClass

Per Domain BehaviorPer Domain Behavior（（PDBPDB））

Per Hop behaviorPer Hop behavior（（PHBPHB））

Traffic Conditioning blockTraffic Conditioning block

QoSQoS MechanismsMechanisms（（WFQ, REDWFQ, RED））



SLA and Dynamic SLASLA: Static SLA, Service provisioning with QoSguarantee but without feedback control.

Pros. : Easy to deployment

Dynamic SLA: Service provisioning with QoSguarantee and feedback control

Pros.: High resource utilization

Current Situation：Normal SLAPart of Dynamic SLA

SLA ManagementSLA Management



QboneQbone Bandwidth BrokerBandwidth BrokerInterface:

User/Application Interface: resource allocation request Intra-Domain Interface: Router QoS configurations Inter-Domain Interface: Admission control and SLA negotiations between BBs

Entities:Routing infoData storePolicy entityNetwork management entity



IntraIntra--Domain BBDomain BB



InterInter--Domain BBDomain BB



User Agent QoS Mgt.

Service subscription

QoSMeasurement

Performance

QoSCharging

Charging info

QoS Mgt.Sys.

ERER

ER

CR CR

CRCR

AS1 ERER

ER

CR CR

CRCR

AS3

ERER

ER

CR1 CR

CRCR

AS2

ERER

ER

CR1 CR

CRCR

AS4

User

User

User

Probe

Probe

Probe

Probe

Implementation ExampleImplementation Example



Logically layered InternetLogically layered Internet



Expected ResultsExpected ResultsVoice(EF)

Video(AF)

Web, Ftp(BE)

BE

AF

EF



Browse ServiceOn SP WebSiteChoose Service

Post parameters

Build a SLA!(Draft)

Service Level Agreement

(Draft)

NP Server 1

SLA/SLS

NP Server 2

Mapping QoSAdmission Control

…….

Mapping QoSAdmission Control

…….

SLA/SLS

Build a SLA!

Service Level Agreement

Build a SLA!

Sign successfully!

(Final SLA)

Sign Successfully!(Final SLA)



QoS Measurement



Object of Internet MeasurementObject of Internet MeasurementNetwork performance monitoring Network operation and maintenanceNetwork dimensioning and optimizationNetwork QoS validationNetwork performance research

Internet MeasurementInternet Measurement

QoSQoSControlControl

QoSQoSManagementManagement

QoSQoSChargingCharging



IP Measurement StandardsIP Measurement StandardsITU-T Y.1540/I.380: IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters

IP Packet Transfer Delay (IPTD)E2E IP Packet Delay Variation (IPDV)IP Packet Error Ratio (IPER)IP Packet Loss Ratio (IPLR)percent IP service unavailability (PIU)percent IP service availability (PIA)

IETF RFC2330: Framework for IP Performance MetricsIP Measurement Framework Measurement MetricsMeasurement Mothodology

IETF RFC 2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices

Discusses and defines a number of tests that may be used to describe the performance characteristics of a network interconnecting deviceDescribes specific formats for reporting the results of the tests



IP Measurement ParametersIP Measurement Parameters

ParametersConnectivityRouting and topology estimationPacket latency (One way/Round trip delay)Packet jitterBandwidth

Bandwidth capacity: max throughput a link can sustain, Available bandwidth: usable bandwidth Bulk transfer capacity: rate that a new single long-lived TCP connection would obtain over a path

Packet loss rate……



IP measurement categoriesIP measurement categories

Active measurementPassive monitoring

End to end measurementRouter based measurement



Active & PassiveActive & PassiveActive measurement

Measurer generates own traffic and exams the resultsE.g. ping, traceroute, …

Passive monitoringMeasurer looks at headers of user’s trafficE.g. netflow, …

InterceptionMeasurer can even see content of user’s trafficE.g. sniffer …



Distributed E2E performance measurementDistributed E2E performance measurement

MeasurementNode 1

MeasurementNode 2

MeasurementNode 3

DatabaseServer

Measurement ServerWeb ServerPC

Administrator

(1)

(2)(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)



QoSQoS measurement architecturemeasurement architecture

Workstation

Data

Node Mon

Net Mon

SLS Mon

Monitor GUICorba

User Int.



Measurement DataMeasurement DataNode Measurement

Delay, Loss of each PHBBandwidth of each PHBBandwidth utilization of each PHB

Network MeasurementE2E delay, loss ratio, jitter, throughput

SLS MeasurementService E2E delay, loss ratio, jitter, throughputUser SLS parameters in Ingress nodeUser SLS parameters in Egress node



QoS in wireless IP Networks



WiMAXWiMAX Network Reference ArchitectureNetwork Reference Architecture

http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/05nov/slides/16ng-4.pdf

SSSS MSMS



WiMAXWiMAX Service CategoriesService Categories

http://www.wimaxforum.org/news/downloads/Mobile_WiMAX_Part1_Overview_and_Performance.pdf



WiMAXWiMAX QoSQoS FrameworkFramework

http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/05nov/slides/16ng-4.pdf



WiMAXWiMAX QoSQoS ArchitectureArchitecture

Quality of Service Support in IEEE 802.16 Networks; IEEE Network • March/April 2006



QoSQoS in WLANin WLANHUA ZHU, MING LI, IMRICH CHLAMTAC, AND B. PRABHAKARAN; “A SURVEY OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN IEEE 802.11 NETWORKS”, IEEE Wireless communications Magazine, Aug.,2004

Research in providing QoS guarantee in IEEE 802.11 WLANs can be classified into the following three categories:

Service differentiation mechanism Link adaptation in the physical layerAdmission control strategies in MAC and higher layers



QoSQoS in WLAN (1)in WLAN (1)

A SURVEY OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN IEEE 802.11 NETWORKS, IEEE Wireless communications Magazine, Aug.,2004

Service differentiation



QoSQoS in WLAN (2)in WLAN (2)Link adaptation




QoSQoS in WLAN (3)in WLAN (3)Admission control strategies




QoS in heterogeneous fixed/wireless IP Networks



UMTS ArchitectureUMTS Architecture

Core NetworkRadio Access Network



UMTS ArchitectureUMTS Architecture

Gf

GiIu-ps'

Iu

GiMr

Gi

Ms

Gi

R UuMGW

Gn

Gc

Gp

Signalling and Data Transfer InterfaceSignalling Interface

TE MT UTRAN

Gr

Other PLMN

SGSN

GGSN

GGSN

EIR

SGSN

Gn

MGCF

R-SGW

MRF

MultimediaIP Networks

PSTN/Legacy/External

Applications& Services

HSSMm

Mw

Legacy mobilesignalingNetwork

Mc

Cx

R UmTE MT ERAN

AlternativeAccess

Network Mh

CSCF

CSCFMg

T-SGW

SCP

CAP



UMTS UMTS QoSQoS ArchitectureArchitecture



UMTS UMTS QoSQoS ManagementManagement

QoS management functions for user plane:Keeping user traffic accord to the traffic profileManaging the network resources for QoS guarantee

QoS management functions for the control plane: Traffic admission control for QoS guarantee Policy enforcement or authorization



QoSQoS in UMTS User Planein UMTS User Plane



QoSQoS in UMTS Control Planein UMTS Control Plane



UMTS Service ClassesUMTS Service Classes



UMTS UMTS QoSQoS ClassesClasses



UMTS UMTS QoSQoS Classes ParametersClasses Parameters

Class Traffic Type Delay Buffering Bit rate Example

Conversation Symmetric

Asymmetric

Asymmetric

Asymmetric

Minimum fixed No Guarantee Video

telephony

Streaming Minimum variable Allowed Guarantee Multimedia

services

Interactive Moderate variable Allowed Not

guarantee

Internet (Web

browsing)

Background Big variable Allowed Not

guarantee Email



UMTS Bearer Service AttributesUMTS Bearer Service Attributes



IMS ArchitectureIMS Architecture



IMS EntitiesIMS EntitiesCSCF: call session control function

Session control based on SIP signaling; 3 types: serving S-CSCF, interrogating I-CSCF, and proxy P-CSCFHSS: home subscriber server

central subscriber databaseSLF: subscriber location function

mapping to subscriber address to HSSMRF: media resource function

media contentsBGCF: breakout gateway control function

SIP server with routing functionalityAS: application server

Can host and execute services, three types: SIP–AS SIP applications server; OSA–AS open services access –service capability server; IM–SSF IP multimedia service switching function

MGW: media gatewaybearer data transfer

MGCF: media gateway control functionCCF: charging collection function

CSCFs, BGCFs, MRFCs, ASs send accounting information to a CCF which generates CDRs (3GPP TS 32.225)SGW: Signaling Gateway

IP to PSTN



3GPP IMS Architecture3GPP IMS Architecture

Wireline and Wireless SIP EndpointsGSM, UMTS, 802.11, Bluetooth, DSL, FTTP, …

SIP

TDMPBX

Legacy IPEndpoints & PBXsH.323 and MGCP

MGCFMGCF

Web PortalWeb Portal

ININAccessAccess

Parlay App Parlay App ServerServer

SIP AppSIP AppServerServer

OSA SCSOSA SCS

II--CSCFCSCF

SGSG

PP--CSCFCSCFPDF

PSTNPSTN SS7SS7

IP IP SignallingSignallingConverterConverter

MediaMediaGatewayGateway

Media and End Point

Layer

Session ControlLayer

Application Layer

MediaMediaServerServer

MRFCMRFC

SS--CSCFCSCF

CentralizedCentralizedDatabasesDatabases

HSS Support SystemsSupport Systems

Billing Mediation, Fault Correlation, Operations,

Maintenance, …

BGCFBGCFSIP

SIP

SIP

SIP

SIPC

OPS

Diameter

H.2

48

H.2

48

AnalogEndpoint



IMS Layer ArchitectureIMS Layer Architecture

CSCF, BGCFMGCF & MRFC

Applications Layer• End-user telephony service logic• AIN call trigger points• Non-telephony based services• APIs for enterprise & legacy applications

Session Control Layer• End Point Registration• Session setup• QoS establishment

Transport & Endpoint Layer• Bearer Services, Media Conversion(PCM>IP)• Special functions: announcements, touch

tones collection, voice recognition, speech synthesis

Media GatewayMedia Server

HSS

OSA-GWTelephony AS

Non-telephony AS



Basic IMS Call procedureBasic IMS Call procedure

Control

Bearer

Called PartyVisited Network

Called PartyHome Network

Calling PartyHome Network

Calling Party Visited Network

UE

P-CSCF

HSS

S-CSCFSIP

SIP

Diameter

UE

P-CSCF

AS

HSS

S-CSCF SIP AS

SIP

Diameter

I-CSCF

Diameter

DNS

BackbonePacket

NetworkRANBackbone

PacketNetwork RAN

Initiate SIP Invitation1

1

Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 2

2

3

3 Apply Service Logic

Retrieve Address of CLD Party Home Networkand Forward INVITE.

4

4

Identify Registrar of CLD Party and Forward INVITE.5

5

Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 6

6

7

7 Apply Service Logic

Forward INVITE to CLD Party8

8

Ringing / Alerting10

10

SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control9

9RTP Stream

Answer / Connect11

11



End to End End to End QoSQoS Call FlowsCall Flows



SummarySummary

QoS management and measurementQoS in heterogeneous fixed IP NetworksQoS in wireless IP NetworksQoS in heterogeneous fixed/wireless IP Networks



ReferencesReferencesHttp://qos.internet2.edu/wg/documents-informational/20020709-chimento-etal-qbone-signaling/IETF RFC 2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect DevicesIETF RFC2330: Framework for IP Performance MetricsHUA ZHU, MING LI, IMRICH CHLAMTAC, AND B. PRABHAKARAN; “A SURVEY OF QUALITY OF SERVICE IN IEEE 802.11 NETWORKS”, IEEE Wireless communications Magazine, Aug.,2004Http://www.wimaxforum.org/news/downloads/Mobile_WiMAX_Part1_Overview_and_Performance.pdfClaudio Cicconetti, Luciano Lenzini, Enzo Mingozzi and Carl Eklund. Quality of Service Support in IEEE 802.16 Networks, IEEE Network, vol. 20, no. 2, March 2006, 3GPP TS 23.101: General UMTS Architecture3GPP TS 23.107: Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture3GPP TS 23.207: End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture3GPP TS 23.228: IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) - stage23GPP TS 24.228: Signalling flows for the IP multimedia call control based on SIP and SDP3GPP TS 29.208: End to end Quality of Service (QoS) signalling flows

http://qos.internet2.edu/wg/documents-informational/20020709-chimento-etal-qbone-signaling/

http://qos.internet2.edu/wg/documents-informational/20020709-chimento-etal-qbone-signaling/



Documents

QoS Issues in Heterogeneous IP Networks - Aalto · 2006-09-20 · Wendong WANG Broadband Network Research Center (BNRC) State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology