Qua Trinh Dien Hoa

8/6/2019 Qua Trinh Dien Hoa

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Cng ngh ho hc

Chng7: Sn Xut in ho


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Cc ni dung c bn

vCc qu trnh in ho.vin phn cc dung dch mui n sn xut

Clo v Xtvin phn dch nng lng-Sn xut nhmvSn xut Axit Clohydric


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I Cc qu trnh in ho in ho l qu trnh sn xut trong cc phnng ho hc(phh) xy ra di tc ng ca

dng in mt chiu


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u v nhc im ca phngphp

u im

qQu trnh cng nghn gin.

qS dng trit nguyn liu & nnglng.

q

C th thu c sp c tinh khit cao.

Nhc im

qTiu tn kh nhiunng lng(in

nng)q


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I.1 Hiu sut theo dng

l t s lng cht Gtt nhn c thc t vilng cht Glt ng l nhn c theo LFaraday

Glt= I..E/1000 ( kg) I: Cng dng in phn( A)

E: ng lng in ho- lng cht tch ra trn in cckhi cho 1A.h i qua.

: thi gian in phn (h)

100%GttGlt

=


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V d: f dd NaOH. E=1,492 = 24h I=15500 Ab f c Nacl. Sau f thu 4200lit dd cha 125g NaOH

trong 1 lit dd. Tnh ?Gii: Glt= kg

Gtt= kg

= Trong thc t hiu sut theo dng lun nh hn

100%

. . 15500.24.1, 492 5551000 1000I E = =

125.4200525

1000=

525100 94,6%

555 =


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I.2 H s s dng nng lng

l t s gia lng in l thuyt cn thit Wlt nhn c mt v sn phm vi lng in thc tWtt

(7.3) Wt (7.5) Wlt=lt.I./Glt. (7.4) lt: hiu in th phn hu l thuyt.(V) tt: hiu in th cn cho b in phn.(V)

Wlt 100%Wtt

=

. .Vtt I

Gtt

=

%lt

tt

=


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Trn l thuyt, f cn bt u khi no in th vo bf va ln hn in th l thuyt 1 lng rt b.

Vlt=a_cb k_cb. Cc th in cc cn bng tnhtheo pt Nernst:

R-hng s kh l tng R=8314(kj/kg.mol.k)

T-nhit tuyt i K z-s in tch ion F-hng s Faraday 96500 C/lg

C-nng lg/l

0 . ln.

R TC

z F =


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II. in phn cc dd mui nSn xut Clo v NaOH

II.1 Gii thi sn phm v ng dng.II.2 Nguyn liuII.3 in phn NaCl trong b Catt thp, Anot

Graphit.II.4 in phn NaCl trong b Catt thu ngn v

Anot Graphit.


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II.1 Sn phm & ng dng

vClo( ) l cht c, k bnh thng l kh muvng lc. T si: -33,6C T ng lnh -102C. Clo cng dng rng ri trong CN ho cht: tng hpcht hu c, CN luyn kim.

vNaOH l tinh th c tan tt trong nc, c sdng trong: CN du m, nu x phng, SX giy.

vHydro L kh, nh. Tsi: -252,8C. ng dng rng ri

trong cc ngnh CN: SX ru, SX Amoniac, lmsch cc SP du ho.


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II.2 Nguyn Liu

qDung dch mui n ly trc tip t nc bin hocho tan mui.

qDD mui n lun ho tan tp cht mui Canxi, Magi

gy nguy hi cho b in phn, ta phi x l bngdd Xa v sa vi, sau lng lc.qC th dng 2 loi b f: loi K thp A graphit c

mng ngn, v loi K thu ngn.

q


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II.3 in phn dd NaCl trongb Kthp A graphit

II.3.1 L thuyt NaCl Katot- Anot +

Na Cl + +

2 0 H e H OH

+ = +

NaOH Na OH +

= +

22 2Cl e Cl =

2 2 22 0 2 2 H NaCl Cl H NaOH + + +


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Bnh thng th in cc phng in ion OH- l+0,41V, cn th in cc phng in in Cl l +1,36.

Trong dd NaCl bo ho ta c:

Khi nng NaCl l 4,6lg/l, th phng in l:

Vy khi in phn ta dng dd NaCl m c:

310-315(g/l)

70,082.298.2,3ln 0, 41 lg10 0,821.96000

o

acb

RTC V

zF

= = =

0,082.298.2,3ln 0, 41 lg 4, 6 1, 32

1.96000

o

acb

RTC V

zF = = =


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H

i

u

su

tt

h

eo

%

d

n

g

S ph thu c hi u su t theo dng vo n ng ki mtrong dd Katt


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II.3.2 B in phn cng nghip

Trong Cng nghip b in phn c mng lcc dng rt ph bin.


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II.4 in phn dung dch NaCl Trongb Katt thu ngn Ant Graphit

II.4.1 L thuyt Trn Anot: Trn Katot:in phn THp ny tin hnh in th 4,3-4,4VCho php nhn sp m c hnin th tch Hydro cao hn 1,7-1,85V

22 2Cl e Cl

2 2

1

0 2n NaHg H NaOH H nHg + = + +


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II.4.2 S nguyn tc


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II.2.5 So snh 2 b in phn


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Kt Lun:1.B K thu ngn tiu tn nng lng hn do s

dng in th cao hn. Loi thit b nycng knh v cn u t vn ln.2.B thu ngn cho Sp l kim c hn, v

khng cha mui. Ta dng loi b ny khicn Sn Phm tinh sch v m c.Vd:snxut si Visco.


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III. in phn dch nng lngSn xut Nhm.

vGi thiu SP v ng dngvNguyn liuvQuy trnh Sn xut NhmvPhng hng pht trin CN sn xut Nhm


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III.2 Nguyn liu

Nguyn liu trc tip SX nhm: oxyt nhm Cc qung nhm: Boxit, nefelin, alunit Nguyn liu SX nhm phi c sch cao Qu trnh sn xut nhm l phc tp v tn rt

nhiu in nng.


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III.3 Qu trnh SX nhm

Qu trnh SX nhm l Qu trnh in phndch nng lng: 2Al +

Trn thc t dd nng lng gm ho tan

trong kriolit . Dch ny chy lng nhit thp hn nguyn cht.

2 30Al 23

02

fnc

2 3

0Al

3 6 Na AlF

2 30Al


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S b in phn Ant t chy


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III.4Phng hng pht trinCNSX nhm

vTh giivSn xut Nhm theo bt c cch no cng tiu

tn nhiu in nng. Ta phi xy nh my

khu vc c ngun in di do: Nam Phi,Trung Quc, NgavTrong tng lai nhu cu v nhm s cn gia

tng, v cc nh my nhm Chu u s

khng th cnh tranh c cc nc giungun lc khc.


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III.4Phng hng pht trinCNSX nhm

vVit NamvVit Nam l nc c tr lng qung nhm

ln, tp trung min Nam, Ty Nguyn.

Nhng chng ta yu km v mt cng ngh,v thiu in nng hot ng cc nh mySX nhm

vHin nay, v trong tng lai gn, VN s hp tc

vi Trung Quc khai thc ch thnh Alumin,sau ta s pht trin theo chiu su snxut nhm phc v nhu cu trong nc.


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IV Sn xut Axit Clohydric(HCl)

vTnh cht ho l v ng dngvNguyn liuvPhng php sn xut


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IV.1 tnh cht ho l& ng dng

HCl l cht kh khng mu, tan trong nc tora dd Axit, tnc=-114,2C, ts=-85C. HCl laxit mnh

HCl s dng ch yu trong tng hp cc chthu c: thuc nhum mu anilin, thu phnh tinh bt sx ru, sx PVC. Ngoi ra cn sdng trong CN m, hn kim loi.

Theo tiu chun quc gia HCl sx phi c nng khng di 27,5% v 31%.


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IV.2 Phng php Sn Xut

Tng qut ca Sx HCl chia ra 2 giai on: iuch kh HCl v hp th kh HCl trong ncto dd HCl.

Trong cng nghip c 2 cch ph bin SXkh HCl

2 4 2 42 2 68, 25 NaCl H SO Na SO HCl kJ + +

2 2 2 184, 2Cl H HCl kcal + +


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Hng s vn tc k ca P ph thuc nhit . P: p sut ring phn cc cu t(hot p).

nh hng ca nhit c biu din:

2 2 2 184, 2Cl H HCl kcal + +

2 2

2

.

HCl

cb

H Cl

PK

P P=

9586lg 0, 44 lg 2,16PK T

T= +


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Hp th kh HCl bng nc S hp th ca HCl vo nc s km theo s

to nhit. Mun c dd m c ta phi dnnhit ca qu trnh hp th ra ngoi.

Cc thit b thng c s dng: Thp m

hp th lm t gm, thch anh, cht do. Trn th gii c xng phng php hp

th on nhit ly nhit b li cho nhit

dng ho hi nc.


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