Quảng Bình Province - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

8/18/2019 Quảng Bình Province - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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15/3/2016 Quảng Bình Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_Province

Quảng Bình ProvinceTỉnh Quảng Bình

Province Nickname(s): Serenity

Location of Quảng Bình within Vietnam

Coordinates: 17°30′N 106°20′E

Country VietnamRegion North Central Coast

Capital Đồng Hới

Government

• People's

Council

Chair

Lương Ngọc Bính

• People's

Committee

Chair

Nguyen Huu Hoai

Quảng Bình ProvinceFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Quảng Bình ( listen), formerly Tiên Bình under thereign of Lê Trung Hưng of the Lê Dynasty (this

province was renamed Quảng Bình in 1604), is a

province along Vietnam's north-central coast.

[2]

The province has an area of 8,065.8 square k ilometers

and population of 857,818 inhabitants (as of 2008)[1]

The province is bordered by the LaotianKhammouane Province to the west, the North PacificOcean to the east, Hà Tĩnh Province to the north andQuảng Trị Province to the south. Historically, thisregion belonged to Văn Lang and later the kingdomof Champa. Later it was claimed by both the Đại Việtand Champa and officially annexed into Đại Việt by

Lý Thường Kiệt, a Lý Dynasty general (under thereign of Lý Thánh Tông).

The site of present-day Quảng Bình was battlefields between Champa and Vietnam until the Vietnameseterritory was expanded further south by subsequentdynasties. Quảng Bình's importance expanded after

Nguyễn Hoàng, a prince of Nguyễn lords was sent tothe south by a king of the Lê Dynasty. Hoàng builthis estate and turned it into Đàng Trong, a rival of the

de facto Trịnh-contr olled Đàng Ngoài. Quảng Bình became an important front to defend Đàng Trongfrom attack by Đàng Ngoài. Under French rule, this

province was part of Annam. During the VietnamWar, this province was part of the DemocraticRepublic of Vietnam (aka North Vietnam), only20 k m from the DMZ. This province was severelydevastated by bombing from U.S. B-52s. This

province is home to the World Heritage Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park. The province is also home toseveral famous Vietnamese persons, includinggeneral Võ Nguyên Giáp, poet Hàn Mặc Tử, writer Bảo Ninh and the family of former South Vietnamese

president Ngô Đình Diệm.

Contents

1 Geography

Coordinates: 17°30′N 106°20

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam#People.27s_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_Ninhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1phttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n_M%E1%BA%B7c_T%E1%BB%ADhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_Nha-K%E1%BA%BB_B%C3%A0ng_National_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_factohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_lordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1nh_T%C3%B4nghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Ki%E1%BB%87thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_Langhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Central_Coasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_Dynastyhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_Province&params=17_30_N_106_20_E_region:VN_type:adm1sthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87mhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_Ninhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n_M%E1%BA%B7c_T%E1%BB%ADhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1phttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_Nha-K%E1%BA%BB_B%C3%A0ng_National_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-52https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_lordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_factohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_lordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ho%C3%A0nghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1nh_T%C3%B4nghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Dynastyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Ki%E1%BB%87thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_Langhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khammouane_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Central_Coasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_Dynastyhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Quang_Binh.ogghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quang_Binh.ogghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam#People.27s_Committeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam#People.27s_Councilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_H%E1%BB%9Bihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Central_Coasthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_Province&params=17_30_N_106_20_E_region:VN_type:adm1sthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quang_Binh_in_Vietnam.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam


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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_Province 2

Area[1]

• Total 8,065.8 km2 (3,114.2 sq mi)

Population (2008)[1]

• Total 857,818 • Density 110/km2 (280/sq mi)

Demographics

• Ethnicities Vietnamese, Bru–Vân Kiều, Chứt,Tày

Time zone ICT (UTC+7)Calling code 52ISO 3166

code

VN-24

Website Quảng Bình Portal(http://www.quangbinh.gov.vn/3cms/?cmd=170&lang=en)

1.1 Location and area

1.2 Rivers and sea

1.3 Mountains

1.4 Climate

2 Biodiversity

2.1 Flora

2.2 Fauna

3 Administrative divisions

4 Culture and education

5 Economy

6 Landscapes and attractions

7 Transportation

8 Demographics

9 History

10 References11 External links

Geography

Location and area

Coordinates 16°55’ to 18°05’ North and 105°37’ to 107°00’ East. It borders Hà Tĩnh Province on the northwith the Ngang mountain pass as the natural frontier, Quảng Trị province to the south, Laos to the west, anfaces the Dong Sea to the east. The narrowest part from east (seaside) to west (Laotian border) is just40 km. The provincial topography is characterized by a general slope, higher in the west and lower in theeast, with hilly and mountainous areas accounting for 85% of the total area. The Annamite Range is thenatural border between Quảng Bình province and Laos with peaks ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 m, thesummit of which is peak Phi Co Pi with the height of 2,017 m. In the east of the province are lower hillsand then several narrow plains and river deltas. The seaside sand dunes belt is a natural dam that protectsthe land from the ocean tides.

The provincial land area is 8,037.9 km2 and divided as follows:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annamite_Rangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dong_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1http://www.quangbinh.gov.vn/3cms/?cmd=170&lang=enhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:VNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bru_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_peoplehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam


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Nhật Lệ River, Quảng BìnhProvince

Bang Spa in Lệ Thủy District

Inhabited land: 41.45 km2

Agriculture: 1635.46 km2

Forest: 4912.62 km2

Specific usage: 199.36 km2

Unused: 26.01 km2

Sand area accounts for 5.9% of the land, and alluvial soil accounts for only 2.8% of the land. The province

east coastline is 116.04 km long and the western borderline with Laos is 201.81 km long. The provinceowns 4866.88 km2 of forests, of which 4478.37 km2 is natural jungle, and 388.54 km2 is reforestation

(including 175.97 km2 of pines).[3][4]

The province is located at the coordinates:

The northernmost point: 180 5'12 N The southernmost point: 170 5'02 N The westernmost point: 106 59'37 E The westernmost point: 105 36'55 E

The coastline is 116.04 km on the east, the borderline with Laos is 201.87 km on the west. [4]

Rivers and sea

There are five major rivers in this province, as follows:

1. Gianh River (this historic river used to be the border splittingVietnam into two countries during the Trịnh–Nguyễn War)

2. Ron River 3. Nhật Lệ River (the confluence of the Kiến Giang and Long Đại

rivers)4. Ly Hoa River 5. Dinh River 6. Kiến Giang River, Lệ Thủy District7. Son River, Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng

Most of the rivers originate in the Truong Son Range and empty into

South China Sea. River and stream density is 1.1 km/km2. There aresome 160 natural and man-made lakes with total water deposit of 234.3million cubic meter of fresh water, Quảng Bình Province's sea area

includes continental shelf and special economic area up to 20,000 km2.Off the sea, there lie Hòn La islet, Hòn Gió islet, Hòn Nồm islet, HònCỏ islet, Hòn Chùa islets with the total fishery capacity of 100,000metric tonnes. Hòn La bay is a 4-square-km marine bay with the depth

up to 15 m and a surrounding land of 4 km2 suitable to develop seadeep-water port and industrial park.

Mountains

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_River_(Vietnam)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_Giang_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinh_River&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ly_Hoa_River&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_Giang_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_L%E1%BB%87_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_(river,_Vietnam)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianh_Riverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%87_Th%E1%BB%A7y_Districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_Spahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BangSpa4.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nhat_Le_River.jpg


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Vung Chua Beach in Quang BinhPart of the karst mounts in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park

Trees on the limestone mounts, atypical florae in Phong Nha-KẻBàng National Park

The Hoành Sơn Mountains runthrough the northeastern part of the

province.

Many mount summits concentratein Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng area withover 1,000 metres height.

Noteworthy peaks are the Peak Co

Rilata with ta height of 1,128 mand the Peak Co Preu with a height

of 1,213 m.[5] Mountains in karsticarea of the park rise at typical height of above 800 m constitute a

continuous range along Laotian-Vietnamese borderline, of which notable summits above 1000 m are: PhuTạo (1174m), Co Unet (1150m), Phu Canh (1095m), Phu Mun (1078m), Phu Tu En (1078m), Phu OnChinh (1068m), Phu Dung (1064m), Phu Tu Ôc (1053m), Phu Long (1015m), Phu Ôc (1015m), Phu Dong(1002m). Inserting into these summits are 800–1000 m high summits of Phu Sinh (965m), Phu Co Tri(949m), Phu On Boi (933m), Phu Tu (956m), Phu Toan (905m), Phu Phong (902m), and Ma Ma (835m).

Climate

There are four separate seasons here: in spring (from February to April), it is warm with slight rains, humiand the temperature around 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. In the summer (from May to July), it is hot, dry withlittle downpours, the temperature may reach up to 35 to 36 degrees Celsius. In the fall, it is rainy, cool withtemperature around 22 to 28 degrees Celsius. In the winter, it is humid, slight rain with temperature about12 to 16 degrees Celsius. Annual average precipitation is around 2,000-2,300 mm. Heaviest rainy season isfrom September to November. From April to August is the dry season. The hottest months are from June tAugust.

Biodiversity

Flora

Quảng Bình Province is endowed with biodiversity, especially typicalof Annamites eco-region. According to the results of initial surveys, th

primary tropical forest in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is home to 140 families427 genera, and 751 species of vascular plants, of which 36 species arconsidered endangered and listed in the Vietnam's Red Data Book. Th

most common tree species in this park are Hopea sp., Sumbaviopsisalbicans, Garcinia fagraeoides, Burretiodendron hsienmu, Chukrasiatabularis, Photinia arboreum and Diospyros salletii. Seedlings canonly grow in holes and cracks in the limestone where soil hasaccumulated, so in general regeneration after disturbance is slow. Theforest type in this national park is dominated by evergreen tree specieswith scattered deciduous trees such as Dipterocarpus kerri, Anogeissuacuminata, Pometia pinnata and Lagerstroemia calyculata. In Phong

Nha-Kẻ Bàng, the dominant plant families are the Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Theaceae and Rosaceae, with som

scattered gymnosperms such as Podocarpus imbricatus, Podocarpus neriifolius, and Nageia fleuryi.[6]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nageia_fleuryihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocarpus_neriifoliushttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Podocarpus_imbricatus&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnospermhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabaceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauraceaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagerstroemia_calyculatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pometia_pinnatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anogeissus_acuminata&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipterocarpus_kerri&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_salletii&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photinia_arboreum&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukrasia_tabularishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burretiodendron_hsienmuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garcinia_fagraeoides&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumbaviopsis_albicanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopeahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Red_Data_Bookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_Nha-K%E1%BA%BB_B%C3%A0nghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annamite_Rangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_topographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_Nha-K%E1%BA%BB_B%C3%A0nghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0nh_S%C6%A1n_Rangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phongnhakebang11.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phongnhakebang6.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vung_Chua_beach.jpg


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Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis, a newlydiscovered species in Phong Nha-

Kẻ Bàng National Park

In the national park there is a 5000-ha forest of Calocedrus macrolepis on limestone (Calocedrus rupestrismounts with about 2,500 trees, 600 per hectare. This is the largest forest of this tree in Vietnam. Most of these trees here are 500–600 years old. These trees are listed in group 2A (rare, precious and limitedexploitation) of the official letter 3399/VPCP-NN dated 21 June 2002, an amendment to Decree 48 by the

Government of Vietnam.[7] Biologists discovered three rare orchid species.[8] Orchids found here include: Paphiopedilum malipoense, Paphiopedilum dianthum, Paphiopedilum concolor . In 1996, IUCN classified

these orchid species in danger of extinction in the near future.[7]

Endemic species in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park include: Burretiodendron hsienmu, Cryptocaryalenticellata, Deutzianthus tonkinensis, Eberhardtia tonkinensis, Heritiera macrophylla, Hopea sp., Illicium

arviflorum, Litsea baviensis, Madhuca pasquieri, Michelia foveolata, Peltophorum tonkinensis,

Semecarpus annamensis, Sindora tonkinensis.[9]

Fauna

The forests of Quảng Bình, particularly in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng, arehome to at least 98 families, 256 genera and 381 species of vertebrates.

66 animal species are listed in Vietnam's Red Data Book and 23 other species in the World Red Book of Endangered Species. In 2005, a newspecies of gecko ( Lygosoma boehmeiwas) was discovered here by agroup of Vietnamese biologists together with biologists working for the

park, Cologne Zoo in Germany and the Saint Petersburg Wild Zoology

Institute in Russia.[10]

The gaur and one species of eel have been discovered in this park. [5] 10new species previously unknown in Vietnam were discovered by

scientists in the park.[11] Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is home as well to asignificant population of primates in Vietnam, with ten species andsub-species. These include the globally vulnerable pig-tailed macaque,Assam macaque, stump-tailed macaque and white-cheeked crested gibbon ( Nomascus leucogenys and

Nomascus leucogenys siki). The park is home to one of the largest populations of François' langur inVietnam, including two different forms of the species. The area is known for its population of Hatinh and

black langurs. 10 species of bats listed in the IUCN List of Threatened Species are recorded in this park. Othe 59 recorded reptile and amphibian species, 18 are listed in Vietnam's Red Data Book and 6 are listed inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. The 72 fish species include 4 species endemic to the area,

including Chela quangbinhensis.[5][9]

The park is home to over 200 bird species, including such rare birds as the chestnut-necklaced partridge,red-collared woodpecker, brown hornbill, sooty babbler and the short-tailed scimitar babbler. An initiativesurvey conducted by Russian and Vietnamese scientists from Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre (funded byWWF) recorded 259 butterfly species of 11 families. Almost all major butterfly taxa in Vietnam can be

found in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng.[9]

Administrative divisions

Quảng Bình is subdivided into 8 district-level sub-divisions:

http://-/?-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Naturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam-Russia_Tropical_Centrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-tailed_scimitar_babblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooty_babblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickell%27s_brown_hornbillhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-collared_woodpeckerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut-necklaced_partridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devario_quangbinhensishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_Listhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Red_Data_Bookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatinh_langurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%27_langurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-cheeked_crested_gibbonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stump-tailed_macaquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam_macaquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_pig-tailed_macaquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne_Zoological_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geckohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_Listhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Red_Data_Bookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindora_tonkinensishttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semecarpus_annamensis&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peltophorum_tonkinensis&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michelia_foveolata&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhuca_pasquierihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litsea_baviensis&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_parviflorumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopeahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heritiera_macrophylla&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eberhardtia_tonkinensis&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutzianthus_tonkinensishttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cryptocarya_lenticellata&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burretiodendron_hsienmuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paphiopedilum_concolorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paphiopedilum_dianthumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paphiopedilum_malipoensehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrtodactylus_phongnhakebangensishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyrtodactylus_phongnhakebangensis.jpg


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Hoang Phuc Pagoda in My Thuy

6 districts:

Bố TrạchLệ ThủyMinh HóaQuảng NinhQuảng TrạchTuyên Hóa

1 district-level town:Ba Đồn (newly created since 2013)

1 provincial city:Đồng Hới (capital)

They are further subdivided into 7 commune-level towns (or townlets), 136 communes, and 16 wards.

These in turn are further subdivided into villages (lang or thon). Like administrative system of Vietnam, thleader of each administrative unit is the secretary of the local Communist Party Cell. Each administrativeunit includes a people's council, who elects a people's committee to execute its daily affairs.

Culture and education

The province is home to Quảng Bình University, a newlyestablished university from the Normal College of Quảng Bình. Thisuniversity has faculties of business administration, normal faculty,

informatics faculty.[12]

There are several high schools and primary schools in counties.

Inhabitants here regards education as family tradition and the mostimportant means to make ends meet and to eliminate poverty.Quảng Bình province is the land of rich culture and famous people.There is an archaeological site of Bàu Tró, Phù Lưu ancient bronze

drums in the time of Dong Son's culture.[13]

On 3 July 2007, an earthen pot of ancient coins weighing 20 kg wasfound buried at 500 cm underground in a paddy field and later soldfor US$12.5 per kilo. This site is located in Tran Xa village, Ham

Ninh commune, Quảng Ninh district. The coins were from the Tang

Dynasty period.[14]

Compared to other provinces in areassurrounding Hanoi and Hồ Chí Minh City and Đà Nẵng, QuảngBình is the poorer province. Therefore, more and more young andeducated here find their ways to the big cities and more industrialized provinces. In each commune ( xã, arural sudivision of district), there is a clinic and there is a hospital in every county, in Đồng Hới city, there

are more. The Đồng Hới Hospital, which was donated by Cuba, was built in the 1980s.[15]

Economy

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The provincial GDP per capita is one of the lowest of Vietnam (around US$1000, compared to Vietnam'saverage GDP per capita of US$1600). Industries base on mainly construction material production (ciment,tiles, building rock, brick) thanks to its abundance in limestone and white clay deposits. The province hastwo industrial parks, one in Đồng Hới city and the other in Hon La bay. Sea food processing, bio-fertilizer and aluminum production are also important to this provincial economy. Over 80% of the population liveon agricultural production. In recent years, tourism has been emerged as the significant contribution toQuảng Bình thanks to Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park and white fine sand beaches. Trade conductedwith Laos through Cha Lo gate by National Road 12. In 2005, this province's export value is just 30 millionUS$ or 1% of Vietnam's export revenue. In 2012, the province contributed 1840 billion VND (US$90million) to the state budget (of the total US$37.68 billion) or 0.24% only[16]

The province's agriculture is comprehensively developed with the direction of production of commodities.Crops and cultivation calendar have been gradually arranged in a more appropriate manner. The food

production has been continuously increased reaching 200,000 tons in 2000. The total area of industrial treeis 14,105ha, of which the area of rubber is 6,400 ha providing 2,000 tons of dried resin. Cattle andhusbandry keep growing. The average agriculture growth rate is 5.7% during the period 1996-2000. In therecent years, forestry production in Quảng Bình Province has been changed in terms of structure frommainly exploiting to protecting, developing forest for forest resource conservation. The value of forestryand afforestration has increased 87.3%, in particular from 1996 to 2000 the growth rate was 65.3%. Theannual forestation area is around 4,000 ha. Up to date 38,851 ha of forest has been planted.

The fishery sector has continuously developed and become a key economic sector of the province. At present the province has around 3,200 fishing boats with power of over 67,000CV. In the year 2000, theoutput of sea products is estimated at 17,104 tons, of which about 1,600 tons is from raising. The provincehas 3 shrimp nursery stations, 8 fish nursery stations supplying 5–7 mil. tiger baby shrimps, 40 - 45mil.

baby fish and 4 - 5 mil. fingerlings annually. At present the province has 2 factories of processing frozensea products and 4 factories of processing dried products for exportation. The services of fishing sector sucas making and repairing ships, purchasing, processing sea products and providing technical assistance and

infrastructure for fishing are continuously developed. However, the development of fishery sector in recenears has not met its expected potential. As of February 2008, the province licensed 59 investment projects

with a total capitalization of USD $500,000,000. As of 2009, this province is home to two special economizones with preferential investment and tax treatments, namely the Hòn La Economic Zone by the Hòn La

seaport,[17] and Cha Lo Border Gate Economic Zone in the border with Laos.

Landscapes and attractions

Quảng Bình has several tourist attraction sites that could be turned into tourism development.[18]

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park: This park features a karst region of more than 200,000 km2 if Hin Namno region in Laos bordering this park is combined. Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is a protected areaa national park and was listed in UNESCO's world heritage in 2003. Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is locatedin the Bố Trạch and Minh Hóa districts, in North Central Coast, Vietnam, about 50 km northwest of Đồng Hới, 42 km east of South China Sea from its borderline point. Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng is situatedin a limestone zone of 200,000 hectare in Vietnamese territory and borders another limestone of 200,000 hectare of Hin Namno in Laotian territory. The core zone of this national park covers 85,75hectares and a buffer zone of 195,400 ha.[5] The park was created to protect one of the world's twolargest karst regions with 300 caves and grottoes and also protects the ecosystem of limestone forest

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The mouth of Phong Nha Cave,one of the caves with undergroundriver in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng

National Park, Quảng BìnhProvince

Đá Nhảy Beach, Quảng Bình

Đồng Hới Airport in Đồng Hới, QuảngBình Province

of the Annamite Range region in North Central Coast of Vietnam.[9][19]

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park is noted for its system of some 300cave and grotto systems with atotal length of about 70 km, of

which only 20 have been surveyed by Vietnamese and Britishscientists; 17 of these are in locatedin the Phong Nha area and three in the Kẻ Bàng area. Phong Nha holdseveral world cave records, as it has the longest underground river, as

well as the largest caverns and passageways.[5] Following UNESCOlisting of this park, the number of visitors to this province changed

significantly.[20] Tourists mainly visit Phong Nha, Tien Son and Thiên Đường caves and Hang Én. SơnĐoòng Cave has yet available for visitors due to unavailability of access road and other relating facilities.

Đá Nhảy, Ly Hoa and Nhật Lệ beaches feature white and fine sands, clean water, and are among oneof the most attractive beaches in VietnamBang Spa: a hotspring area in Lệ Thủy District with resort and health care services. The temperatureof the water at the jet hole can reach up to 105 degree Celsius.Ho Chi Minh trail, many important sites along the trail during Vietnam War.[21]

Transportation

There are two parallel national roads cross the province: The

National Route 1A (runs from Lạng Sơn Province to Cà MauProvince along the coastline of the country) and Hồ Chí MinhHighway (runs from North-Western part of Vietnam to Cà Maualong the mountainous part, nearly coinciding Ho Chi Minhtrail). The Road 12 connects this province with KhammouaneProvince of Laos. The Hanoi–Saigon Railway crosses QuảngBình Province in the hill area with Đồng Hới Railway Stationas a main station. Part of the aborted Thakhek - Tan Ap railwaywould have crossed the province to connect with the North– South Railway at Tân Ấp Railway Station. Đồng Hới Airport is

located in Đồng Hới city, initially due to be opened at the endof 2007 with scheduled flights to and from Hồ Chí Minh City'sTân Sơn Nhứt International Airport and Hanoi's Noi Bai

International Airport upon completion.[2][4][22]

The construction schedule of the airport was late due to lack of capital from the government. It was

scheduled to be completed in February 2008, but the deadline was extended again.[23] According to the

latest revised schedule, this airport will be completed and opened in 3rd quarter of 2008. [24] The airport waofficially inaugurated on 18 May 2008 with the first flight from Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport, thenfrom Hồ Chí Minh City on 1 July 2009. As of September 2009, the only airliner operating here is Vietnam

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Quảng Bình Citadel Gate, acitadel built during NguyễnDynasty in Đồng Hới.

Remains of Tam Toa Church,which was destroyed by US

bombardment during VietnamWar in Đồng Hới.

Airlines with the destinations of Hanoi and Hồ Chí Minh City. There will be more air links between thisairport and other airports in Vietnam soon. The airport has a designed capacity of 300 passengers per peak

hour 500,000 passengers per annum.[25][26]

Hòn La, a deep-water port, began construction (as of March 2008) with a designed capacity of 10-12million metric tons of cargo annually, capable to handle vessels up to 10,000 ton and will serve domestic

and international cargo vessels[27][28]

emographics

The provincial population is 807,787 (2000). There are 24 ethnic groups live here, predominantly Kinh,Vân Kiều and Chứt. Other minorities are in very small quantity with 100 persons each. All of 23 minorityethnic groups live in mountainous areas. The provincial population is unevenly distributed, with more than90% live in around 10% of the provincial land while just 10% live in 90% mountainous and sand areas.88.5% inhabitants lives in rural areas, 11.5% lives in urban areas. 47.08% of the population (380,306) wasin the labor force in 2000, 72% of whom work in rural sectors (agriculture and syvicuture) and 10.9% inurban areas (industrial, service and commercial sectors). There are 10,720 university graduates and

postgraduates (4,676 college graduates and 6042 university graduates) in 2000. Of blue-collar workers,only 35,000 have passed appropriate training courses.[4]

History

Archaeological excavation in thisarea proved that human living inwhat is now Quảng Bình provincein Stone Age period. Many

artifacts such as ceramic vases,stone tools, china was unearthed in

Quảng Bình.[29]

In 1926, a French archaeologist,Madeleine Colani, discovered andexcavated many artifacts in cavesand grottoes in west mountainousareas of Quảng Bình. Sheconcluded that the Hòa Bình culture belonged to this region. Through

C14 dating test, the artifacts dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) years ago. [30] From Quy Đạttownship (in Minh Hóa District) to 150 m southwest, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animastones from an ancient human community. Inside the Khai grotto near Quy Đạt township, similar artifactswere also found. Especially, there are several ceramics of Dong Son culture. Additionally, artifacts from thStone Age were unearthed in some grottoes in Quảng Bình. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and

grottoes and hunted for their food.[30]

Under the Hung kings, when Văn Lang nation founded the Văn Lang tribal coalition, Quảng Bình belongeto the Việt Thường group. Under Lê Trung Hưng, this province was named Tiên Bình. The central and thesouth of Vietnam (from Ngang mount pass to Bình Thuận Province) was part of the Champa Kingdom.

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htt // iki di / iki/Q %E1%BA%A3 B%C3%AC h P i 10

During that time, wars between Champa kingdom and Đại Việt were frequent. Majority of the wars werestarted by Champa Kingdom, who was then, stronger than Đại Việt. Quảng Bình became Đại Việt'sterritory in 1306 A.D. following the arrange marriage of the Trần Dynasty princess Huyền Trân to theChampa king, Jaya Sinhavarman III (Vietnamese: Chế Mân). Huyen Trần was King Trần Nhân Tông'sdaughter and King Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land were commontraditional practices by Champa kings. Because of the marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of whais now Quảng Trị Province, and Thừa Thiên–Huế Province (then known respectively as Chau O and ChauRi or Chau Ly), the new map changed Quảng Bình from being the southernmost land and the southern

border of Đại Việt.[31][32] During the Trinh-Nguyễn family war in the 17th century, the Gianh River inQuảng Bình Province became the border between Dang Trong (South Vietnam) and Đàng Ngoài (NorthVietnam). Đồng Hới city was built as a fortress to protect the Nguyễn family's Dang Trong from Đàng

Ngoài's attacks.[30][33]

In 1604, the provincial name was changed to Quảng Bình. Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát divided Quảng Bìnhinto 3 counties (dinh): dinh Bố Chính (formerly dinh Ngói), dinh Mười (or dinh Lưu Đồn), and dinh Quảng

Bình (or dinh Trạm).[34] The province was established in 1831, with the part of phủ Quảng Ninh, thenadded phủ Quảng Trạch. Under French colony (French Indochina, Quảng Bình was situated in Annam of

French Indochina and Đồng Hới airbase in Quảng Bình was used by the French to attack the Việt Minh innorth-central Vietnam and the Laotian Pathet army in north and south Laos. In 1954, the Geneva Accordwas signed by France, Vietnam, and other parties involved. According to which, Vietnam was to betemporarily divided into 2 parts, with the 17th parallel as the boundary. North Vietnam was under thecontrol of the Communist party while the South was an anti-communist and French collaborators control. Auniversal election was to be held in 1956 in order to determine the unification of Vietnam. However, in theSouth, Ngô Đình Diệm held a referendum, which determined the form of government for the South;consequently, leading to the foundation of the Republic of Vietnam.

50 km north of the 17th parallel, during the Vietnam War, Quảng Bình was the most heavily bombed

province by U.S. B-52s due to its location.[35][36]

In 1976, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị Province, Thừa ThiênProvince Province were merged into Bình Trị Thiên Province, in 1990 Binh Tri Thien Province was split

into three provinces as they were before.[37]

References

1. "Tong quan Quang Binh" (in Vietnamese). Quảng Bình provincial government. 8 February 2010.2. "Provinces and cities". Vietnamtourism.com. Retrieved 17 June 2010.3. Statistics extracted from Official report by the Quảng Bình People's Committee on the provincial official websit

(http://www.quangbinh.gov.vn) (in Vietnamese language)

4. "Tổng quan Quảng Bình". Quảng Bình Provincial Government (quangbinhgov). Archived from the original on 7February 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.

5. "Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park". United Nations Environment Programme. March 2003. Archived from theoriginal on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.

6. "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam". Eoearth.org. Retrieved 17 June 2010.7. "Những phát hiện chấn động về Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng". Thanh Niên. 6 September 2005. Retrieved 5 February

2008.8. "Những phát hiện mới tại Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng". thiennhien.net. 16 June 2007.9. "Di sản thiên nhiên thế giới - Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng (Quảng Bình)". Vietnam Geological and

Mineral Resources Department. 23 July 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2008.10. "New Lizards Species Found". reptiles.swelluk. September 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://-/?-http://www.reptiles.swelluk.com/reptile-news/new-lizard-species-september2007.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnamhttp://www.idm.gov.vn/Nguon_luc/Xuat_ban/Anpham/Phongnha/T189.htmhttp://www.thiennhien.net/news/153/ARTICLE/2243/2007-06-16.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanh_Ni%C3%AAnhttp://web.thanhnien.com.vn/Khoahoc/2005/9/6/121442.tnohttp://www.eoearth.org/article/Phong_Nha-Ke_Bang_National_Park,_Vietnamhttp://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/Phong_nha.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttps://web.archive.org/web/20080123082417/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/Phong_nha.htmlhttp://www.vnn.vn/province/quangbinh/tongquan.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080207053340/http://www.vnn.vn/province/quangbinh/tongquan.htmlhttp://www.quangbinh.gov.vn/http://www.vietnamtourism.com/e_pages/country/province.asp?mt=8452&uid=1253http://www.quangbinh.gov.vn/3cms/?cmd=120&cat=1124765178891https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%ABa_Thi%C3%AAn-Hu%E1%BA%BF_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B_Provincehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-52_Stratofortresshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_parallel_northhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Vietnam_referendum,_1955https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Accord_(1954)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Indochinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy%E1%BB%81n_Tr%C3%A2n

Documents

Quảng Bình Province - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia