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Vermelding onderdeel organisatie

1

Quay wall design in the future

Port seminar 2007 UNESCO-I H E Delft

Ass. Prof. Ir J.G. de Gijt

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Present situation

Experience based design

Determined by local experience

Empirical design methods

Need for new solutions

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Ship developments

Development of water depth

and retaining height

Development of thedimensions of ships

Years'60'10

0

1891 1900

(m

etres)

Depth

20

10

5

15

25

30

35

'20 '30 '50'40 '90'70 '80 2000 '10

(deadweighttons)

200.000

50.000

150.000

100.000

loadcapacity

250.000

350.000

300.000

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Container ships

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Latest container vessel

Length;470m,width:60m,draught:16m

470m

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Future situation

Fast change in cargo handling methods

Increase in container transport : possible bigger ships

Need for flexibility

Use of new materials

Other designs

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Design mehods

Deterministic approach:Overall safety concept

Probabilistic approach: statistical input of data

Available design codes

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Codes

There is a multitude of codes:

Dutch NEN German DIN

BS 6349

Eurocode etc

Concrete, steel, geocode; no integrated quay

structure code

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Sheetpile walls Dutch

Probabilistic level 1

Quay walls Dutch & English!

Probabilistic level 1

1993 2005

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Future quay wall designs (1)

Sunction anchored quay wall with tension winches

TensionwinchKabel

Zuiganker

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Future quay wall designs (2)

Jacket type structure flexible

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Future quay wall designs (3)

Synthetic block quay wall

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Future quay wall designs (4) Composite structure ,synthetics and steel

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24.0m

Construction depth -23.00

Bottom depth -20.65

Contract depth -19.65

27.0m

N.A.P.

+4.00

Frozen soil

Isolation mantle

Frozen quay wall (5)

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Quay wall with double handling

facilities (6)

Neues Bild.BMP

http://neues%20bild.bmp/http://neues%20bild.bmp/

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Peoples business

MechanicalMechanical

manman

ChemicalChemical

manman

EmotionalEmotional

manmanThe lawyerThe lawyer

In the past one person had all the expertise. Presently for every

discipline a specialist will be employed.Threads: Lack of overview / Increased insecurity/Lack of communication.

Team work required & A means of communication

structural engineerdesignerspecialist

project engineerlawyerfinancial engineer

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Probabilistic vs. deterministic design

Deterministic, traditional design:

strength > load

usually: strength = * load

where: = safety factor e.g.1.65

load

strength

probability

Probabilistic design

full load and strength distribution isused

the probability of failure can be

quantified: Overlap of both curvese.g. 5%

probability of failure

load strength

probability

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Faulttree L-shaped

quay wall

Bi j " overi ge oorzaken" kan w orden geda cht aan o ntgrond ingen, aanvar ingen, e tc .

ges tor t betonIn het werk

Steenbestor t ing

L-e lementenPrefab

Voorw andbezwijk t

oorzakenOver ige

Opwaar tses t romingsdruk

te groot

M om entenevenwichtvoldoet niet

A fs ch uiv in g

Draagkrachtbodem

onvoldoende

Totalestabiliteit

onvoldoende

Piping

H eave B ishop

Grondwater -

te grootstroming

Pennan tbezwijk t

Verb ind ingenbezwi jken

(grond spoelt ui t)bezwijk t

V loer O nderw andbezwijk t

oorzakenOver ige O nderbouw

bezwijk t

Kadem uur construct ie

Verp laats ingen

te groot

faalt

construct iebezwijk t

Kadem uur

bezwijk tBov enbouw

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Costs aspects

One berth for container ship 500 m: 20-25

miljoen 5 container cranes 75-100

miljoen

1 container ship 200-300miljoen

Quay wall costs 10 -15% of container ship

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Conclusions and recommendations

Constructing a fault tree helps communication

Design codes are conservative and kills innovation

Technically optimal does not mean that it is optimal inrelation to the whole project