Metal Construction 1: III. ICESubjects for theory examination

1. Lecture 1: IntroductionAdvantages of steelIndustrial operations on steel elementsSustainability of steel as construction material

2. Lecture 2: Metallurgy of steelSteps of steel metallurgyStructure and function of a blast furnace. Chemistry.Conversion of pig-iron into steel. Steelmaking and converters.Basic shapes of steel: ladle + continuous casting.Forming steel into finished products. Hot rolling processSection types and size ranges.

3. Lecture 3: Engineering properties of metalsComponents of steel and microstructure at different temperaturesIron-carbon constitutional diagram. Elements controlled to produce steel.Microstructure of slowly cooled steels. Effect of carbon content.Normalizing process.Micro-structural changes accompanying rolling of steel.Inclusions in steel. Impurities. Added substances.Rapidly cooled steels and effect of welding. Quenching and tempering.Hardenability and carbon equivalent.Properties of steel as a result of chemical composition. Mechanical working and heat treatment.

4. Lecture 4: Corrosion protection and fire protection of steelNature of corrosion process. Atmospheric corrosion of steel.Corrosion in practice and rust.Basic elements for corrosion phenomenon.Anodic and cathodic metals: application in corrosion protection.Anti-corrosion design.Paint coatings.Paint systems: basic layers.Surface preparation of steel.Metal coatings: galvanizingSpecific detailing and requirements for galvanizing.Metal sprayingConcrete encasementWeathering steel

Purpose of providing fire resistance. Necessity for fire protectionObject of fire protection. Basic aims.General methods and materials for fire protection.Required periods of fire resistance and conditions.Critical temperature and materials for steel protection

5. Lecture 5: Imperfection of steel membersEffect of imperfections. Types of imperfections.Residual stresses. Nature. Distribution.Non-homogenous distribution of mechanical characteristics.Stress distribution by cooling of a hot rolled I profileStress distribution by welded sections and welded joints.Cold formed sections. Strain hardeningTransverse geometrical imperfectionsLongitudinal geometrical imperfections. Engineering model

6. Lecture 6: Structural analysis to EC.3. Elastic global analysisBasic concepts of structural analysisFirst order elastic theorySecond order effect in structures. Result of a second order effect (P- and P- effects)Second order elastic theoryEffects of deformed geometry to Ec.3-1-1. Conditions to use first order theory.Stability of frames to EC.3. Single story and multi-storey frames.Imperfections in the global analysis.Imperfections for analyzing of bracing systems.Bracing forces at splices.

7. Lecture 7: Plastic global analysisMethods of analysis considering material non-linearity.Plastic resistance of sections.Plastic hinge and shape factorReasons of plastic analysis.Conditions for using plastic global analysis to EC.3Classification of cross-sections

8. Lecture 8: Resistance of cross-sectionDefinition of limit states. Categories. Ultimate limit state.Characteristic and design values.Partial safety factors.Resistance of cross-sectionTension membersCompression membersMembers under bendingMembers in shear.Members under torsionMembers under combined effect of internal efforts: bending and shearCombined bending and axial forceCombined bi-axial bending and axial force.

9. Lecture 9: Buckling resistance of membersUniform members in compression: buckling resistanceNon-uniform members in compressionBuckling curves to EN 1993-1-1

Expected buckling modes for a uniform member in compression

10. Lecture 10: Connections. Welded connections. Technology of weldsNecessity of connections and connection designMethods of making a welded joint: butt weld and fillet weldStructure and properties of weld metal. HAZ.Types of welded joints: fillet weld-symbolsButt weld. Edge preparation-symbols.Welding procedure. Welding positions.Technology of welds: welding systems (MMA, MAG, SAW)Choice of welding process.Flame cuttingMetallurgic phenomena: crackingThermal phenomena: deformations (shrinkage)Welding defects and controls.Design resistance of fillet weld: lengthEffective throat thickness of a fillet weldResistance of fillet welds: simplified methodDesign resistance of butt welds

11. Lecture 11: Bolted connections. Technology of bolts.

Elements of a bolt and bolt gradesMechanical properties of European bolts: bolt grade symbolBolt geometry: resistant area of a metric bolt.Complete symbol for a bolt in drawingsBolt tolerances. Hole clearance. Length of non-threaded part.HSFG bolts: principle of functionMethods of tightening preloaded bolts.Installation of preloaded boltsClamping pressure distributionGeometry of bolted connections. Bolt groups. Bolt rows.Hole spacing in bolt rows: minimum and maximum values.Design resistance. Types of bolted joints by solicitation.Collapse modes for a shear connection. Cathegories of bolted connections.Prying effects for bolts in tensionSlip resistant connectionsClasses of friction surfaces.Combined tension and shear in slip resistant connectionDistribution of forces between fasteners at the ULS

12. Lecture 12: Connections. Classification and modeling of jointsDefinitions. Single and double joint configurationMinor axis joint configurationStructural deformations under load actionDesign moment-rotation characteristicRotational stiffnessRotation capacityBasic components of a joint

Classification of joints by stiffness.Classification of joints by strengthModeling of beam-to-column jointsGlobal analysis of structures considering joint behaviourTypes of global analysisSemi-rigid joints

13. Lecture 13: Connections. Resistance of joints. Rotational stiffness. Rotation capacity.

Equivalent T stub in tensionResistance of basic componentsModeling a stiffened column flange as separate T stubsUn-stiffened columns flange, welded connectionEnd plate componentBeam flange and web componentsBeam web componentColumn flange componentBeam-to-column joints with bolted end plate connectionBolted beam spliceRotational stiffness of jointsStiffness coefficientsEnd plate connections with two or more bolt-rows in tensionSimplified method for extended end-platesRotation capacity of joints.