Questions Frm Monster

7/31/2019 Questions Frm Monster

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Windows Server 2003 interview and certification questions1. How do you double-boot a Win 2003 server box?The

Boot.ini file is set as read-only, system, and hidden to prevent

unwanted editing. To change the Boot.ini timeout and default

settings, use the System option in Control Panel from the

Advanced tab and select Startup.

2. What do you do if earlier application doesnt run on

Windows Server 2003?When an application that ran on an

earlier legacy version of Windows cannot be loaded during the

setup function or if it later malfunctions, you must run the

compatibility mode function. This is accomplished by right-

clicking the application or setup program and selecting

Properties> Compatibility> selecting the previously

supported operating system.

3. If you uninstall Windows Server 2003, which operating

systems can you revert to? Win ME and Win 98.4. How do you get to Internet Firewall settings? Start>

Control Panel> Network and Internet Connections> Network

Connections.

5. What are the Windows Server 2003 keyboard shortcuts?

Winkey opens or closes the Start menu. Winkey + BREAK

displays the System Properties dialog box. Winkey + TAB

moves the focus to the next application in the taskbar. Winkey +

SHIFT + TAB moves the focus to the previous application in the

taskbar. Winkey + B moves the focus to the notification area.

Winkey + D shows the desktop. Winkey + E opens Windows


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Explorer showing My Computer. Winkey + F opens the Search

panel. Winkey + CTRL + F opens the Search panel with Search

for Computers module selected. Winkey + F1 opens Help.

Winkey + M minimizes all. Winkey + SHIFT+ M undoes

minimization. Winkey + R opens Run dialog. Winkey + U opens

the Utility Manager. Winkey + L locks the computer.

6. What is Active Directory?Active Directory is a network-based

object store and service that locates and manages resources,

and makes these resources available to authorized users and

groups. An underlying principle of the Active Directory is that

everything is considered an objectpeople, servers,

workstations, printers, documents, and devices. Each object

has certain attributes and its own security access control list

(ACL).

7. Where are the Windows NT Primary Domain Controller

(PDC) and its Backup Domain Controller (BDC) in Server

2003? The Active Directory replaces them. Now all domain

controllers share a multimaster peer-to-peer read and write

relationship that hosts copies of the Active Directory.

8. How long does it take for security changes to be replicated

among the domain controllers?Security-related

modifications are replicated within a site immediately. These

changes include account and individual user lockout policies,

changes to password policies, changes to computer account

passwords, and modifications to the Local Security Authority

(LSA).


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9. Whats new in Windows Server 2003 regarding the DNS

management? When DC promotion occurs with an existing

forest, the Active Directory Installation Wizard contacts an

existing DC to update the directory and replicate from the DC

the required portions of the directory. If the wizard fails to locate

a DC, it performs debugging and reports what caused the

failure and how to fix the problem. In order to be located on a

network, every DC must register in DNS DC locator DNS

records. The Active Directory Installation Wizard verifies a

proper configuration of the DNS infrastructure. All DNS

configuration debugging and reporting activity is done with the

Active Directory Installation Wizard.

10.When should you create a forest? Organizations that operate

on radically different bases may require separate trees with

distinct namespaces. Unique trade or brand names often give

rise to separate DNS identities. Organizations merge or are

acquired and naming continuity is desired. Organizations form

partnerships and joint ventures. While access to common

resources is desired, a separately defined tree can enforce

more direct administrative and security restrictions.

11.How can you authenticate between forests? Four types of

authentication are used across forests: (1) Kerberos and NTLM

network logon for remote access to a server in another forest;

(2) Kerberos and NTLM interactive logon for physical logon

outside the users home forest; (3) Kerberos delegation to N-tier

application in another forest; and (4) user principal name (UPN)

credentials.


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12.What snap-in administrative tools are available for Active

Directory? Active Directory Domains and Trusts Manager,

Active Directory Sites and Services Manager, Active Directory

Users and Group Manager, Active Directory Replication

(optional, available from the Resource Kit), Active Directory

Schema Manager (optional, available from adminpak)

13.What types of classes exist in Windows Server 2003 Active

Directory?

o Structural class. The structural class is important to the

system administrator in that it is the only type from which

new Active Directory objects are created. Structural

classes are developed from either the modification of an

existing structural type or the use of one or more abstract

classes.

o Abstract class. Abstract classes are so named because

they take the form of templates that actually create other

templates (abstracts) and structural and auxiliary classes.

Think of abstract classes as frameworks for the defining

objects.

o Auxiliary class. The auxiliary class is a list of attributes.

Rather than apply numerous attributes when creating a

structural class, it provides a streamlined alternative by

applying a combination of attributes with a single include

action.

o 88 class. The 88 class includes object classes defined

prior to 1993, when the 1988 X.500 specification was

adopted. This type does not use the structural, abstract,


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and auxiliary definitions, nor is it in common use for the

development of objects in Windows Server 2003

environments.

14.How do you delete a lingering object?Windows Server 2003

provides a command called Repadmin that provides the ability

to delete lingering objects in the Active Directory.

15.What is Global Catalog?The Global Catalog authenticates

network user logons and fields inquiries about objects across a

forest or tree. Every domain has at least one GC that is hosted

on a domain controller. In Windows 2000, there was typically

one GC on every site in order to prevent user logon failures

across the network.

16.How is user account security established in Windows

Server 2003?When an account is created, it is given a unique

access number known as a security identifier (SID). Every

group to which the user belongs has an associated SID. The

user and related group SIDs together form the user accounts

security token, which determines access levels to objects

throughout the system and network. SIDs from the security

token are mapped to the access control list (ACL) of any object

the user attempts to access.

17.If I delete a user and then create a new account with the

same username and password, would the SID and

permissions stay the same?No. If you delete a user account

and attempt to recreate it with the same user name and

password, the SID will be different.


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18.What do you do with secure sign-ons in an organization

with many roaming users? Credential Management feature of

Windows Server 2003 provides a consistent single sign-on

experience for users. This can be useful for roaming users who

move between computer systems. The Credential Management

feature provides a secure store of user credentials that includes

passwords and X.509 certificates.

19.Anything special you should do when adding a user that

has a Mac? "Save password as encrypted clear text" must be

selected on User Properties Account Tab Options, since the

Macs only store their passwords that way.

20.What remote access options does Windows Server 2003

support?Dial-in, VPN, dial-in with callback.

21.Where are the documents and settings for the roaming

profile stored?All the documents and environmental settings

for the roaming user are stored locally on the system, and,

when the user logs off, all changes to the locally stored profile

are copied to the shared server folder. Therefore, the first time

a roaming user logs on to a new system the logon process may

take some time, depending on how large his profile folder is.

22.Where are the settings for all the users stored on a given

machine?\Document and Settings\All Users

23.What languages can you use for log-on scripts? JavaScipt,

VBScript, DOS batch files (.com, .bat, or even .exe)


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Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Security questions1. Whats the difference between local, global and universal

groups? Domain local groups assign access permissions to

global domain groups for local domain resources. Global

groups provide access to resources in other trusted domains.

Universal groups grant access to resources in all trusted

domains.

2. I am trying to create a new universal user group. Why cant

I?Universal groups are allowed only in native-mode Windows

Server 2003 environments. Native mode requires that all

domain controllers be promoted to Windows Server 2003 Active

Directory.

3. What is LSDOU?Its group policy inheritance model, where

the policies are applied to Local machines, Sites, Domains and

Organizational Units.

4. Why doesnt LSDOU work under Windows NT? If theNTConfig.polfile exist, it has the highest priority among the

numerous policies.

5. Where are group policies stored?

%SystemRoot%System32\GroupPolicy

6. What is GPT and GPC?Group policy template and group

policy container.

7. Where is GPT stored?

%SystemRoot%\SYSVOL\sysvol\domainname\Policies\GUID


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8. You change the group policies, and now the computer and

user settings are in conflict. Which one has the highest

priority?The computer settings take priority.

9. You want to set up remote installation procedure, but do

not want the user to gain access over it. What do you do?

gponame> User Configuration> Windows Settings> Remote

Installation Services> Choice Options is your friend.

10.Whats contained in administrative template conf.adm?

Microsoft NetMeeting policies

11.How can you restrict running certain applications on a

machine?Via group policy, security settings for the group, then

Software Restriction Policies.

12.You need to automatically install an app, but MSI file is not

available. What do you do? A .zaptext file can be used to add

applications using the Software Installer, rather than the

Windows Installer.

13.Whats the difference between Software Installer and

Windows Installer? The former has fewer privileges and will

probably require user intervention. Plus, it uses .zap files.

14.What can be restricted on Windows Server 2003 that wasnt

there in previous products? Group Policy in Windows Server

2003 determines a users right to modify network and dial-up

TCP/IP properties. Users may be selectively restricted from

modifying their IP address and other network configuration

parameters.

15.How frequently is the client policy refreshed? 90 minutes

give or take.


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16.Where is secedit?Its now gpupdate.

17.You want to create a new group policy but do not wish to

inherit. Make sure you check Block inheritance among the

options when creating the policy.

18.What is "tattooing" the Registry?The user can view and

modify user preferences that are not stored in maintained

portions of the Registry. If the group policy is removed or

changed, the user preference will persist in the Registry.

19.How do you fight tattooing in NT/2000 installations?You

cant.

20.How do you fight tattooing in 2003 installations? User

Configuration - Administrative Templates - System - Group

Policy - enable - Enforce Show Policies Only.

21.What does IntelliMirror do? It helps to reconcile desktop

settings, applications, and stored files for users, particularly

those who move between workstations or those who must

periodically work offline.

22.Whats the major difference between FAT and NTFS on a

local machine? FAT and FAT32 provide no security over

locally logged-on users. Only native NTFS provides extensive

permission control on both remote and local files.

23.How do FAT and NTFS differ in approach to user shares?

They dont, both have support for sharing.

24.Explan the List Folder Contentspermission on the folder in

NTFS. Same as Read & Execute, but not inherited by files

within a folder. However, newly created subfolders will inherit

this permission.


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25.I have a file to which the user has access, but he has no

folder permission to read it. Can he access it?It is possible

for a user to navigate to a file for which he does not have folder

permission. This involves simply knowing the path of the file

object. Even if the user cant drill down the file/folder tree using

My Computer, he can still gain access to the file using the

Universal Naming Convention (UNC). The best way to start

would be to type the full path of a file into Run window.

26.For a user in several groups, are Allow permissions

restrictive or permissive? Permissive, if at least one group

has Allow permission for the file/folder, user will have the same

permission.

27.For a user in several groups, are Deny permissions

restrictive or permissive?Restrictive, if at least one group

has Deny permission for the file/folder, user will be denied

access, regardless of other group permissions.

28.What hidden shares exist on Windows Server 2003

installation? Admin$, Drive$, IPC$, NETLOGON, print$ and

SYSVOL.

29.Whats the difference between standalone and fault-

tolerant DFS (Distributed File System) installations? The

standalone server stores the Dfs directory tree structure or

topology locally. Thus, if a shared folder is inaccessible or if the

Dfs root server is down, users are left with no link to the shared

resources. A fault-tolerant root node stores the Dfs topology in

the Active Directory, which is replicated to other domain

controllers. Thus, redundant root nodes may include multiple


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connections to the same data residing in different shared

folders.

30.Were using the DFS fault-tolerant installation, but cannot

access it from a Win98 box. Use the UNC path, not client,

only 2000 and 2003 clients can access Server 2003 fault-

tolerant shares.

31.Where exactly do fault-tolerant DFS shares store

information in Active Directory? In Partition Knowledge

Table, which is then replicated to other domain controllers.

32.Can you use Start->Search with DFS shares?Yes.

33.What problems can you have with DFS installed?Two users

opening the redundant copies of the file at the same time, with

no file-locking involved in DFS, changing the contents and then

saving. Only one file will be propagated through DFS.

34.I run Microsoft Cluster Server and cannot install fault-

tolerant DFS.Yeah, you cant. Install a standalone one.

35.Is Kerberos encryption symmetric or asymmetric?

Symmetric.

36.How does Windows 2003 Server try to prevent a middle-

man attack on encrypted line?Time stamp is attached to the

initial client request, encrypted with the shared key.

37.What hashing algorithms are used in Windows 2003

Server?RSA Data Securitys Message Digest 5 (MD5),

produces a 128-bit hash, and the Secure Hash Algorithm 1

(SHA-1), produces a 160-bit hash.

38.What third-party certificate exchange protocols are used by

Windows 2003 Server? Windows Server 2003 uses the


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industry standard PKCS-10 certificate request and PKCS-7

certificate response to exchange CA certificates with third-party

certificate authorities.

39.Whats the number of permitted unsuccessful logons on

Administrator account? Unlimited. Remember, though, that

its the Administrator account, not any account thats part of the

Administrators group.

40.If hashing is one-way function and Windows Server uses

hashing for storing passwords, how is it possible to attack

the password lists, specifically the ones using NTLMv1?A

cracker would launch a dictionary attack by hashing every

imaginable term used for password and then compare the

hashes.

41.Whats the difference between guest accounts in Server

2003 and other editions? More restrictive in Windows Server

2003.

42.How many passwords by default are remembered when

you check "Enforce Password History Remembered"?

Users last 6 passwords.

Windows Server 2003 IIS and Scripting interview questions1. What is presentation layer responsible for in the OSI

model?The presentation layer establishes the data format

prior to passing it along to the network applications interface.

TCP/IP networks perform this task at the application layer.


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2. Does Windows Server 2003 support IPv6?Yes, run ipv6.exe

from command line to disable it.

3. Can Windows Server 2003 function as a bridge?Yes, and

its a new feature for the 2003 product. You can combine

several networks and devices connected via several adapters

by enabling IP routing.

4. Whats the difference between the basic disk and dynamic

disk? The basic type contains partitions, extended partitions,

logical drivers, and an assortment of static volumes; the

dynamic type does not use partitions but dynamically manages

volumes and provides advanced storage options

5. Whats a media pool?It is any compilation of disks or tapes

with the same administrative properties.

6. How do you install recovery console? C:\i386\win32

/cmdcons, assuming that your Win server installation is on drive

C.

7. Whats new in Terminal Services for Windows 2003

Server? Supports audio transmissions as well, although

prepare for heavy network load.

8. What scripts ship with IIS 6.0?iisweb.vsbto create, delete,

start, stop, and list Web sites, iisftp.vsbto create, delete, start,

stop, and list FTP sites, iisdir.vsbto create, delete, start, stop,

and display virtual directories, iisftpdr.vsbto create, delete,

start, stop, and display virtual directories under an FTP root,

iiscnfg.vbsto export and import IIS configuration to an XML file.

9. Whats the name of the user who connects to the Web site

anonymously? IUSR_computername


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10.What secure authentication and encryption mechanisms

are supported by IIS 6.0? Basic authentication, Digest

authentication, Advanced digest authentication, Certificate-

based Web transactions that use PKCS #7/PKCS #10,

Fortezza, SSL, Server-Gated Cryptography, Transport Layer

Security

11.Whats the relation between SSL and TLS?Transport Layer

Security (TLS) extends SSL by providing cryptographic

authentication.

12.Whats the role of http.sys in IIS? It is the point of contact for

all incoming HTTP requests. It listens for requests and queues

them until they are all processed, no more queues are

available, or the Web server is shut down.

13.Wheres ASP cache located on IIS 6.0?On disk, as opposed

to memory, as it used to be in IIS 5.

14.What is socket pooling?Non-blocking socket usage,

introduced in IIS 6.0. More than one application can use a given

socket.

15.Describe the process of clustering with Windows 2003

Server when a new node is added. As a node goes online, it

searches for other nodes to join by polling the designated

internal network. In this way, all nodes are notified of the new

nodes existence. If other nodes cannot be found on a

preexisting cluster, the new node takes control of the quorum

resources residing on the shared disk that contains state and

configuration data.


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16.What applications are not capable of performing in

Windows 2003 Server clusters? The ones written exclusively

for NetBEUI and IPX.

17.Whats a heartbeat?Communication processes between the

nodes designed to ensure nodes health.

18.Whats a threshold in clustered environment?The number

of times a restart is attempted, when the node fails.

19.You need to change and admin password on a clustered

Windows box, but that requires rebooting the cluster,

doesnt it?No, it doesnt. In 2003 environment you can do that

via cluster.exe utility which does not require rebooting the entire

cluster.

20.For the document of size 1 MB, what size would you expect

the index to be with Indexing Service? 150-300 KB, 15-30%

is a reasonable expectation.

21.Doesnt the Indexing Service introduce a security flaw

when allowing access to the index? No, because users can

only view the indices of documents and folders that they have

permissions for.

22.Whats the typical size of the index? Less then 100K

documents - up to 128 MB. More than that - 256+ MB.

23.Which characters should be enclosed in quotes when

searching the index? &, @, $, #, ^, ( ), and |.

24.How would you search for C++? Just enter C++, since + is

not a special character (and neither is C).

25.What about Barnes&Noble?Should be searched for as

Barnes&Noble.


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Administrative shares are usually created automatically for the

root of each drive letter. They do not display in the network

browse list.

2. How do the permissions work in Windows 2000? What

permissions does folder inherit from the parent? When you

combine NTFS permissions based on users and their group

memberships, the least restrictive permissions take

precedence. However, explicit Deny entries always override

Allow entries.

3. Why cant I encrypt a compressed file on Windows 2000?

You can either compress it or encrypt it, but not both.

4. If I rename an account, what must I do to make sure the

renamed account has the same permissions as the original

one?Nothing, its all maintained automatically.

5. Whats the most powerful group on a Windows system?

Administrators.

6. What are the accessibility features in Windows 2000?

StickyKeys, FilterKeys Narrator, Magnifier, and On-Screen

Keyboard.

7. Why cant I get to the Fax Service Management console?

You can only see it if a fax had been installed.

8. What do I need to ensure before deploying an application

via a Group Policy? Make sure its either an MSI file, or

contains a ZAP file for Group Policy.

9. How do you configure mandatory profiles?Rename

ntuser.dat to ntuser.man


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10.I cant get multiple displays to work in Windows 2000.

Multiple displays have to use peripheral connection interface

(PCI) or Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) port devices to work

properly with Windows 2000.

11.Whats a maximum number of processors Win2k supports?

2

12.I had some NTFS volumes under my Windows NT

installation. What happened to NTFS after Win 2k

installation? It got upgraded to NTFS 5.

13.How do you convert a drive from FAT/FAT32 to NTFS from

the command line?convert c: /fs:ntfs

14.Explain APIPA. Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA) takes

effect on Windows 2000 Professional computers if no DHCP

server can be contacted. APIPA assigns the computer an IP

address within the range of 169.254.0.0 through

169.254.255.254 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

15.How does Internet Connection Sharing work on Windows

2000?Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) uses the DHCP

Allocator service to assign dynamic IP addresses to clients on

the LAN within the range of 192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.254.

In addition, the DNS Proxy service becomes enabled when you

implement ICS.

Microsoft Win32 interview questions


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1. Tell the differences between Windows 95 and Windows

NT? Lack of Unicode implementation for most of the functions

of Win95. Different extended error codes. Different number

window and menu handles. Windows 95 implements some

window management features in 16 bits. Windows 95 uses 16-

bit world coordinate system and the coordinates restricted to

32K. Deletion of drawing objects is different. Windows 95 does

not implement print monitor DLLs of Windows NT. Differences

in registry. Windows 95 does not support multiprocessor

computers. NT implementation of scheduler is quite different.

Different driver models. Win95 was built with back-compatibility

in mind and ill-behaving 16-bit process may easily corrupt the

system. Win95 starts from real DOS, while WinNT uses DOS

emulation when one needs a DOS. Win95s FAT is built over

16-bit win3.1 FAT (not FAT32!, actually, Win95s FAT contains

two FATs).

2. What is the effective way of DIB files management? A:

Memory-mapped file is the best choice for device-independent

bitmaps. MMF allows to map the file to RAM/SWAP addresses

and to let Windows handle all load/unload operations for the

file.

3. What should you be aware of if you design a program that

runs days/weeks/months/years?A: When your program

should run for a long time, you should be careful about heap

allocations, because if you use new/delete intensively in your

application, the memory becomes highly fragmented with a

time. It is better to allocate all necessary memory in this case


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that many times small blocks. You should be especially careful

about CString class which allocates permanent DLL

4. What are the advantages of using DLLs?DLLs are run-time

modular. DLL is loaded when the program needs it. Used as a

code sharing between executables.

5. What are the different types of DLLs? A: Extension, Regular

and pure Win32 DLL (without MFC)

6. What are the differences between a User DLL and an MFC

Extension DLL? A: Extension DLL supports a C++ interface,

i.e. can export whole C++ classes and the client may construct

objects from them. Extension DLL dynamically links to MFC

DLLs (those which name starts with MFC??.DLL) and to be

synchronous with the version it was developed for. Extension

DLL is usually small (simple extension DLL might be around

10K) Regular DLL can be loaded by any Win32 environment

(e.g. VB 5) Big restriction is that regular DLL may export only C-

style functions. Regular DLLs are generally larger. When you

build a regular DLL, you may choose a static link (in this case

MFC library code is copied to your DLL) and dynamic (in this

case you would need MFC DLLs to be presented on the target

machine)

7. What do you have to do when you inherit from two

CObject-based classes? A: First of all, this is a bad idea does

not matter what tells you interviewer. Secondly, if you forced to

use condemned rhombus structure, read Technical Note 16 in

MSDN, which discusses why MFC does not support multiple

inheritance and what to do in case you still need it (there are a


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few problems with CObject class, such as incorrect information,

returned by IsKindOf() of CObject for MI, etc.)

8. What are the additional requirements for inheritance from

CWnd-based classes?A: Again, this is the bad idea. Try to

find alternative solution. Anyway, if you have to multiply inherit

from CWnd-based class, the following are additional

requirements to the above conditions (again, this is extremely

bad question for interview!!!): There must be only one CWnd-

derived base class. The CWnd-derived base class must be the

first (or left-most) base class.

9. What is a "mutex"? A: Mutexes are the mechanism of process

synchronization that might be used to synchronize data across

multiple processes. Mutex is a waitable object while a critical

section is not. Mutexes are significantly slower than critical

sections.

10.Whats the difference between a "mutex" and a "critical

section"? Critical section provides synchronization means for

one process only, while mutexes allow data synchronization

across processes.

11.What might be wrong with the following pseudo-code:

FUNCTION F

BEGIN

INT I=2

DO

I = I + 1

IF I = 4 THEN BREAK

END DO


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END

A:This code is not thread safe. Suppose one thread increments

I to 3 and then returns to the beginning of DO statement. Then

it increments I to 4 and now context switch happens. Second

thread increments I to 5. From this moment the code shown will

execute forever until some external force intervention. Solution

is obviously using some synchronization object to protect I from

being changed by more than one thread.

12.What is a deadlock ?A: A deadlock, very simply, is a

condition in which two or more threads wait for each other to

release a shared resource before resuming their execution.

Because all threads participating in a deadlock are suspended

and cannot, therefore, release the resources they own, no

thread can continue, and the entire application (or, worse, more

than one application if the resources are shared between

threads in multiple applications) appears to hang.

13.How can we create thread in MFC framework? A: Using

AfxBeginThread.

14.What types of threads are supported by MFC framework?

A: Working thread and windows thread. Working thread usually

does not have a user interface and easier to use. Windows

thread has an user interface and usually used to improve

responsiveness of the user input. Message Map

15.When ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI is called? (message

may vary) A: When a user of your application pulls down a

menu, each menu item needs to know whether it should be

displayed as enabled or disabled. The target of a menu


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command provides this information by implementing an

ON_UPDATE_COMMAND_UI handler.

16.What is a "hook"?A: A point in the Windows message-

handling mechanism where an application can install a

subroutine to monitor messages. You need hooks to implement

your own Windows message filter.

17.What are the difference between MFC Exception macros

and C++ exception keywords? A:Actually, MFC macros may

accept exception of only CException class or class, derived

from CException, where as C++ exception mechanism accepts

exception of ANY type Reusable Control Class

18.How would you set the background of an edit control to a

customized color? A: You have several choices, but the

simplest one is subclassing. Kruglinski in his "Inside Visual

C++" describes pretty well this process. Generally, you derive

the class from none control class, override the messages you

want (like WM_CTLCOLOR) and then in init function like

OnInitialUpdate of CDialog, subclass the control with

SubclassDlgItem().

19.What is Message Reflection? How could you accomplish

the above task using message reflection? A: See Technical

Note 62 of MSDN. Usually, message is handled in the parent

class that means you have to override message handler for

each parent. Sometimes it is nice to handle a message in the

control itself, without parent invocation. Such handling

mechanism is called message reflection. Control "reflects"

message to itself and then processes it. Use


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ON__REFLECT macro to create a

reflected message.

20.What is the command routing in MFC framework? A: CView

=> CDocument => CFrameWnd => CWinApp

21.Whats the purpose of CView class? CDocument class?

What are relationships between them? A: The CView class

provides the basic functionality for user-defined view classes. A

view is attached to a document and acts as an intermediary

between the document and the user: the view renders an image

of the document on the screen or printer and interprets user

input as operations upon the document. The CDocument class

provides the basic functionality for user-defined document

classes. A document represents the unit of data that the user

typically opens with the File Open command and saves with the

File Save command. Users interact with a document through

the CView object(s) associated with it. A view is a child of a

frame window. The relationship between a view class, a frame

window class, and a document class is established by a

CDocTemplate object. A view can be attached to only one

document, but a document can have multiple views attached to

it at once.

22.What class is responsible for document template in MDI

application? A: CMultiDocTemplate.

23.What function must be used to add document template? A:

AddDocTemplate.

24.What the main objects are created for SDI and MDI

applications?A: CWinApp - application object. For MDI


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application with New document implementation CDocTemplate,

CDocument, CView, CMainFrame. If your application is SDI,

your CMainFrame class is derived from class CFrameWnd. If

your application is MDI, CMainFrame is derived from class

CMDIFrameWnd. For MDI application CMDIChildWindow is

also created.

25.We have a loop for 800,000. It fails on 756,322. How can we

get the information before it fails? A: You could think of

several way to debug this: Set the condition in debugger to stop

when loop is passed around 756321 times. Throw an exception

within a loop (may be not the best idea since exception does

not show you the exact location of the fail. Create a log file and

to put detailed information within a loop.

26.Our Debug version works fine, but Release fails. What

should be done? A: There are four differences between debug

and release builds:

o heap layout (you may have heap overwrite in release

mode - this will cause 90% of all problems),

o compilation (check conditional compilation statements,

assertion functions etc.),

o pointer support (no padding in release mode which may

increase chances of a pointer to point into sky)

o optimization

Windows admin interview questions


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1. Describe how the DHCP lease is obtained. Its a four-step

process consisting of (a) IP request, (b) IP offer, IP selection

and (d) acknowledgement.

2. I cant seem to access the Internet, dont have any access

to the corporate network and on ipconfig my address is

169.254.*.*. What happened?The 169.254.*.* netmask is

assigned to Windows machines running 98/2000/XP if the

DHCP server is not available. The name for the technology is

APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing).

3. Weve installed a new Windows-based DHCP server,

however, the users do not seem to be getting DHCP leases

off of it.The server must be authorized first with the Active

Directory.

4. How can you force the client to give up the dhcp lease if

you have access to the client PC? ipconfig /release

5. What authentication options do Windows 2000 Servers

have for remote clients?PAP, SPAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and

EAP.

6. What are the networking protocol options for the Windows

clients if for some reason you do not want to use TCP/IP?

NWLink (Novell), NetBEUI, AppleTalk (Apple).

7. What is data link layer in the OSI reference model

responsible for? Data link layer is located above the

physical layer, but below the network layer.Taking raw data

bits and packaging them into frames. The network layer will be

responsible for addressing the frames, while the physical layer

is reponsible for retrieving and sending raw data bits.


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8. What is binding order? The order by which the network

protocols are used for client-server communications. The most

frequently used protocols should be at the top.

9. How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of

data transferred across the network? Each IP packet is

assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on

both receiving and transmitting ends, the data was modified or

corrupted.

10.Should we deploy IPSEC-based security or certificate-

based security?They are really two different technologies.

IPSec secures the TCP/IP communication and protects the

integrity of the packets. Certificate-based security ensures the

validity of authenticated clients and servers.

11.What is LMHOSTS file?Its a file stored on a host machine

that is used to resolve NetBIOS to specific IP addresses.

12.Whats the difference between forward lookup and reverse

lookup in DNS? Forward lookup is name-to-address, the

reverse lookup is address-to-name.

13.How can you recover a file encrypted using EFS? Use the

domain recovery agent

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