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What are the differences and similarities What are the differences and similarities between Fascism and Communism? between Fascism and Communism?

FascismFascism in Europe in Europe

What is What is FascismFascism?? A political movement that promotes an A political movement that promotes an

extreme form of extreme form of nationalismnationalism, a denial of , a denial of individual rights, and dictatorial one party individual rights, and dictatorial one party rule.rule.

Mussolini Mussolini

Why Fascism?Why Fascism? Many European countries saw Many European countries saw fascism, fascism,

communismcommunism, and , and dictatorshipdictatorship as the only as the only way to survive the economic problems way to survive the economic problems and instability.and instability.

Communism vs. FascismCommunism vs. Fascism

CommunismCommunism Promote a classless Promote a classless

societysociety One supreme leaderOne supreme leader Goal: Spread of Goal: Spread of

communism worldwide communism worldwide Karl MarxKarl Marx

FascismFascism Allow for different classes Allow for different classes

to emergeto emerge Goal: Devotion to one’s Goal: Devotion to one’s

country (NATIONALISM) country (NATIONALISM) The wills of the country The wills of the country

over the people over the people

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What societal conditions do you think What societal conditions do you think there were that allowed for these there were that allowed for these Totalitarian regimes to rise in the 1Totalitarian regimes to rise in the 1stst half of half of the 20the 20thth century. century.

Quickly describe how they came to power. Quickly describe how they came to power.

The Rise of Mussolini in The Rise of Mussolini in ItalyItaly

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

What you will learn: What you will learn: 1.) You will learn the conditions of Italy after 1.) You will learn the conditions of Italy after

WWI that made it ripe for a totalitarian takeover. WWI that made it ripe for a totalitarian takeover. 2.) You will reinforce your knowledge of fascism. 2.) You will reinforce your knowledge of fascism. 3.) You will learn about how Benito Mussolini 3.) You will learn about how Benito Mussolini

arose to power. arose to power. 4.) You will learn about his reign as dictator of 4.) You will learn about his reign as dictator of

Fascist Italy.Fascist Italy. 5.) You will learn about the beginning of the role 5.) You will learn about the beginning of the role

he played in WWII. he played in WWII. 6.) You will learn about Mussolini’s influence on 6.) You will learn about Mussolini’s influence on

Italian society and the world. Italian society and the world.

Problems after WWI for Problems after WWI for ItalyItaly

460,000 soldiers killed460,000 soldiers killedHeavy debt (wars are expensive)Heavy debt (wars are expensive)Britain and France did not give Italy Britain and France did not give Italy

the land they promised in the land they promised in Treaty of Treaty of LondonLondonThis is what got Italy to switch This is what got Italy to switch

sidessidesGv’t of Italy at the time was bad Gv’t of Italy at the time was bad Rising unemploymentRising unemployment

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles Italians believed that Italians believed that

the the T of VT of V had treated had treated them poorly.them poorly.

Italy had not been Italy had not been given the land given the land promised at the Secret promised at the Secret Treaty of LondonTreaty of London..

Italy’s foreign Minister Italy’s foreign Minister OrlandoOrlando left before the left before the conference ended, conference ended, feeling humiliated.feeling humiliated.

Who are these men?

What is fascism?What is fascism? A system of A system of

government under a government under a

dictator.dictator. Strong support of the Strong support of the

nation over the nation over the individualindividual!!!!

Usually involves Usually involves terror, censorship, terror, censorship,

nationalismnationalism,, and racism.and racism.

How does this

represent fascism?

Mussolini began his Mussolini began his career as a journalist career as a journalist where he started to where he started to gain his own ideas in gain his own ideas in what became known what became known as as FascismFascism. .

Benito Mussolini

Mussolini gains powerMussolini gains power Mussolini set up a Mussolini set up a

Fascist Party and Fascist Party and promised to solve promised to solve Italy’s problemsItaly’s problems WHY DOES THIS SOUND WHY DOES THIS SOUND

FAMILIAR??FAMILIAR?? Promised to rebuild Promised to rebuild

Italy and recreate the Italy and recreate the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Organized armed Organized armed gangs called the gangs called the ““BlackshirtsBlackshirts””

Blackshirts: Supporters of Mussolini

Mussolini Mussolini

Came to power in 1922 and was Came to power in 1922 and was appointed Prime Minister by King appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Victor Emmanuel to prevent a Communist RevolutionCommunist Revolution in Italy in Italy

Why would King Victor Emmanuel want to stop a Why would King Victor Emmanuel want to stop a Communist Revolution? Communist Revolution?

How does putting Mussolini in charge accomplish this? How does putting Mussolini in charge accomplish this?

1922 1922 March on RomeMarch on Rome

to establish Mussolini and the Fascist to establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party as the most important party in Party as the most important party in ItalyItaly

Mussolini said this at a party Mussolini said this at a party conference:conference:

"Either the government will be "Either the government will be given to us or will shall seize given to us or will shall seize it by marching on Rome."it by marching on Rome."

Seizure of PowerSeizure of PowerMussolini’s capture of powerMussolini’s capture of power

In October 1922, 30,000 In October 1922, 30,000 fascists fascists marched on Romemarched on Rome, , threatening King Victor threatening King Victor Emmanuel III to give Emmanuel III to give Mussolini the power.Mussolini the power.

The king did not love the The king did not love the former liberal politicians, so former liberal politicians, so he agreed to give Mussolini he agreed to give Mussolini the powerthe power

March on Rome, 1922

His leadershipHis leadership

Mussolini became Il Duce (ihl Doo-chay), Mussolini became Il Duce (ihl Doo-chay), meaning the leader. meaning the leader.

He enforced fascism throughout his country. He forced all the other political parties to be illegal

and he also got rid of the democracy. His opponents were put to jail by his secret police. The government took control of all the radio stations

and all the other Medias to broadcast only the doctrines of the fascism.

Fascism under MussoliniFascism under Mussolini

A couple of quick questionsA couple of quick questions

Do you think people were upset by Do you think people were upset by Mussolini creating a fascist state Italy? Mussolini creating a fascist state Italy? I mean Mussolini is restricting freedom, he is I mean Mussolini is restricting freedom, he is

terrorizing people through his secret police? terrorizing people through his secret police?

Most of the Italians in the 1920s-30s supported Mussolini and his fascist state!!

How do you think Mussolini was able to gain and maintain this much support?

Government by PropagandaGovernment by Propaganda

One of the reasons why Mussolini One of the reasons why Mussolini was able to gain support from the was able to gain support from the people was the through use of people was the through use of propagandapropaganda.. Propaganda = Propaganda = message such as posters message such as posters

made to convince people’s mind, made to convince people’s mind, sometimes with liessometimes with lies

Mussolini “Controlled Media”Mussolini “Controlled Media”

Mussolini and his government Mussolini and his government controlledcontrolled all all the multi-medias including radio, press, the multi-medias including radio, press, newspaper and education to force people to newspaper and education to force people to think that fascism was the right and the best think that fascism was the right and the best doctrine.doctrine. (C in SCOOP: Controls…) (C in SCOOP: Controls…)

PropagandaPropaganda was also used to ensure the was also used to ensure the national spirit for the people in Italy and national spirit for the people in Italy and remind people how powerful Mussolini was.remind people how powerful Mussolini was.

Propaganda PostersPropaganda Posters

The poster on the far right shows the slogan by The poster on the far right shows the slogan by Mussolini. It says, “Believe, Obey, Fight”. Mussolini. It says, “Believe, Obey, Fight”.

Schools taught these 3 discipline to the students.Schools taught these 3 discipline to the students.

More PropagandaMore Propaganda

Mussolini and HitlerMussolini and Hitler

Mussolini and Hitler

Mussolini was outcast from the League of Nations.

(WHAT IS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS?)

In October 1936 they signed a non-military alliance. Mussolini signed a full defensive alliance with Nazi Germany in the Pact of Steel.

Italy during WWIIItaly during WWII

Mussolini during WWII

Mussolini intended to annex Malta, Corsica, and Tunis. He wanted to create a “New Roman Empire.” He annexed Albania, straining the military. His troops were unprepared for the German invasion of Poland. Italy remained neutral.

SpainSpain Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Republicans vs. Republicans vs.

Nationalists/FascistsNationalists/Fascists Germany and Italy supported the Germany and Italy supported the

NationalistsNationalists Russia and many international Russia and many international

brigades supported the brigades supported the republicans.republicans. Abraham Lincoln brigade from the Abraham Lincoln brigade from the

United States.United States.

The nationalists won.The nationalists won. Francisco Franco became the Francisco Franco became the

fascist dictator.fascist dictator.

GuernicaGuernica by Pablo Picasso by Pablo Picasso

Painted in 1937 in response to the German bombing of the Painted in 1937 in response to the German bombing of the Spanish city of Guernica in support of Spanish city of Guernica in support of Francisco Franco's Francisco Franco's Fascist forces.Fascist forces.

It shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon It shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent civilians.individuals, particularly innocent civilians.

Nazism

FascismCommunism

*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behavior

Totalitarianism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953.

What is Communism?

• LEFT WING• based on theory by Karl Marx• revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society”• state ownership and control of the

means of production (no private ownership)• Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.

What is Fascism?

• RIGHT WING• intense nationalism and elitism• totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights• maintain class system and private ownership

Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism?

• extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party• belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race”• belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe•Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them