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2130 Personality Psychology“Know Thyself”

Professor Ian McGregor

Lecture 3: Motives and Traits

Who Are You? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFf_-Kop-Q8

Troubled?York Counseling Center, 416-736-5297

(confidential, professional counseling forYork students)

Student Peer Support Center at 416-736-5231 or email spsc@yorku.ca (confidentialpeer counseling by York students for York students).

Overview of Today’s Lecture Begin with Freud on Individual Differences From Motives to Traits Big-5 and similarity to other models Including Jung and MBTI Nature vs. Nurture (genetics vs. mom) Social correlates of Big-5 traits

Sex, politics, religion Divorce

Freud: Psychosexual Development Oral Stage

Incorporative or sadistic fixation Anal Stage

Expulsive or retentive (anal triad: stubborn, orderly, stingy)

Phallic Stage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA35ys91QJU&feature=related

Oedipus complex Castration anxiety Penis Envy and Electra complex

Latency Stage Super-ego—living up to gender and cultural ideals

Genital Stage Mutual pleasure and altruism--generativity

Projective tests: What do you see?

Murray’s Needs and Motives

Explorations in Personality, 1938, Dedicated to Freud and Jung

Assumption that people will be unable or unwilling to report sexual, selfish, or aggressive motives (Freud).

Relies on Associations i.e., complexes or schemas (Jung)

Need + Press = motive

Measurement Problems: Reliability and Prediction

From Motives to Traits Motives began to be seen as unscientific remnants

of outdated psychoanalytic perspective Behaviourism Cognitive Revolution: Just ask, they might tell you Journals changed names to gain credibility

Problems Too many traits—field had no focus 1960s zietgeist: utopian change, power of situation(ism) Prediction problems: Walter “Mischel shock” Do traits even exist? Circular logic…

Two Developments Revived Personality Psych Experimental Personality Research (next week) Big-5 (today)

Big-5 Lexical Criterion and Factor Analysis (1949)

Catell 4500 adjectives 1700: Fiske’s 5 factors 1980s, access to computers

Replicated by other researchers In other cultures and languagesWith different agesWith non-verbal formats and observer ratersRemarkably stable over timePredict real world things: e.g., politics and

divorce

Big-5 Personality Traits (-1, 0, 1?)

EXTRAVERSION

Enthusiastic, outgoing, talkative

AGREEABLENESS

Sympathetic, warm, accepting, friendly

OPENNESS

Intellectual, complex, unconventional, creative, original

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

Dependable, disciplined, organized, careful

NEUROTICISM

Anxious, easily upset, moody

http://www.personal.psu.edu/~j5j/IPIP/ipipneo300.htm

Jung: Personality and Individuation

Introversion vs. ExtraversionThe Four Functions:

Sensing (a kind of perceiving)INtuiting (a kind of perceiving)Feeling (a way of judging)Thinking (a way of judging)

Perceiving vs. Judging

Myers Briggs (Based on Jung’s Theory)

Circle your summary on Table of TypesFrom previous slide

Matches vs. mismatches? Correlated with 4 of the Big-5 Simple, less pejorative labels &

appreciating “Gifts Differing”Good for marriages and workplaces!

Beyond the golden rule…

Big-5 (NEOAC) & Plato, Galen, Freud, MBTI

Brass/Iron, Silver, Gold Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic,

Melancholic Oral, Anal, Phallic EI, SN, TF, PJ The role of Mom?

Genetics and PersonalityCorrelations of Big-5 Traits Between

Adopted kids and parentsAdopted siblings Biological kids and parentsBiological siblingsNon-identical (dz) twinsIdentical (mz) twinsIdentical twins raised apart

00.1.1.25.5.5

Heredity Estimate (rmz – rdz) x 2 x100 = % Variance from genes No effect of parents? (stay tuned!) Non-Shared Environment? Harris: Where is the Child’s Environment? Is it Error? Multiple raters boost genes to 70% Culture? People are getting taller, and smarter,

and more anxious… Change is possible, genetic predisposition not

absolute destiny. Young adulthood is difficult. Neur. goes down!

Openness: Awed or odd?Openness to Experience

•Aesthetics

•Fantasy

•Values

•Actions

•Ideals

•Feelings

Sex, politics, and religion

Ideal friends and marriage

Traits and Divorce

What if MZ twin and parentsa) got divorced?

80% divorced

b) stayed married? 10% divorced

Trait Divorce Pronenesshigh E, high O, low C, high N, r=.4Traits also predict MZ twin’s divorce, r=.4!