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6B SCIENTISTS & DISCOVERIES LAB.notebook
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November 10, 2014
Models of the AtomThe Nature of Matter Textbook
Inside the Atom
Lesson objectives Teachers' notes
1) Explain how scientists discovered particles of an atom.
2) Explain how today's model of the atom was developed.
3) Describe the structure of the nuclear atom.
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QUIZ1. What did John Dalton's model of the atom look like? (Draw it)
2. Name the 5 parts of the atom, draw and label them.
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Teachers' notesLesson objectives
Subject:
Topic:
Grade(s):
Prior knowledge:
Crosscurricular link(s):
The Nature of Matter
Inside the Atom
6
Knowledge of atoms
Lesson notes:
As a result of this section students will be able to:
• Understand the structure of a nuclear atom, and the history of it's discovery.• This lesson is intended to supplement the text of The Nature of Matter, Glencoe Science.
6B SCIENTISTS & DISCOVERIES LAB.notebook
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Ernest Rutherford discovered the current model of the atom.
J. J. Thomson discovered the electron.
Crookes i
nvented
the Catho
deRay
tube exam
ining
positive a
nd
negative p
articles.
John Dalton combined the idea of elements with Greek theory of the atom.
Models of the AtomThe Nature of Matter
Inside the Atom
Why are these men
important to Science?
6B SCIENTISTS & DISCOVERIES LAB.notebook
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Models of the AtomThe Nature of Matter
Inside the Atom
PreReading Lab
• Collect your materials: Clay, washers, nuts, bolts, toothpicks and paper towels. • Take the metal object and bury them into the clay, and form a ball. Make sure to not have anything visible.• Exchange your ball of clay with another group.• With a toothpick, probe the clay to find out how many pieces of metal are in the ball what shape they are.
The purpose of this lab is to discover how scientists find out about things that they cannot see.
Model of the Unseen
Pull
Pull Answer these while you search!!!
• Sketch what you think the object looks like.• Write the number of objects you think are in the ball.• Take the ball apart and count. • How does the number of pieces you found compare with the number that was in the ball?• How do their shapes compare?
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Element
Page 9Matter made up of atoms of only
ONE kind!
ProtonPage 14
Positively charged particle present IN the nucleus of ALL
atoms.
ElectronPage 11
Negatively charged particle that is in the
electron cloud AROUND an atom's nucleusSe
ctio
n 1
Voca
bula
ry
Drag the vocabulary
word over to reveal it's
meaning!
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Neutron
Page 15Electrically NEUTRAL particle that has the same mass as a
proton and is found IN the atom's nucleus.
Electron Cloud
Page 17Region surrounding the nucleus of an
atom, where electrons are most likely to be
found.
Sect
ion
1
Voca
bula
ry
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November 10, 2014
Combined Greek theory of the Atom with the idea of elements.
John Dalton
Propose ideas about matter:
1) Matter is made up of atoms.
2) Atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces.
3) All atoms of an element are exactly alike.
4) Different elements are made of different kinds of atoms.
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John Dalton
Dalton imagined an atom as a hard sphere that was the same throughout.
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William Crookes
Crookes also tested theories about atoms.He completed his experiments using a glass tube. This was know as his Cathode Ray Tube or CRT.
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How did Crookes make the Cathode Ray Tube work?
Cathode creates a negative charge.
Anode creates positive charge.
When a battery is connected with the glass tube, a green glow appeared. A shadow of the object appeared at the opposite end of the tube at the anode. Something was traveling from the cathode to the anode. The cross was getting in the way!
Shadow which was created.
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J. J. Thompson
J. J. Thompson continues Crookes's discovery of a beam of light with the CRT. He placed magnets beside the beam of light, and the beam bent. Thompson concluded that the light was not really a light at all. It was charged particles. He also concluded that the particles in the tube were negatively charged called electrons. There was now evidence that particles smaller than the atom exists. Click on the links below to see examples and learn more.
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Ernst Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford experimented with Thompson's findings. Rutherford wanted to see what would happen when they fired fast moving, positively charged bits of matter called alpha particles at gold (a form of metal). Rutherford thought that the particles would go straight through the gold. His experiment did not go as planned and some of the particles bounced back. He hypothesized that most charges are crammed into a small region of space at the center of the atom called the nucleus.
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Today's Model
With Rutherford's findings, a new model of the atom developed. Though, some of the data did not make sense. According to Rutherford's model the only other particle in the atom was a proton. That meant that the mass of the atom should have been equal to the mass of the protons. This did not add up because the mass of most atoms was at least twice as great as the mass of its protons. The scientists were puzzled. Where did the extra mass come from? It was thought that the extra mass came from another particle in the nucleus. This particle would be called a neutron, and had the same mass at the proton. The particle was neutral.
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Today's Model
After the neutron was discovered, Neil Bohr's calculations showed that it was impossible to know where the electrons were located in a particular time. This inspired more research. New theories of the atomic model were developed. Scientists believed that since electrons were impossible to locate, then they must be traveling in the region around the nucleus called the electron cloud. They also were more likely to be traveling closer to the nucleus since the electrons are attracted to the positive charges of the protons.
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electrons
Protons
Let's Reveal and Review!
Erase and reveal today's model of the atom with it's important parts.
Neutrons
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