Quiz Review

Unit 1B: Earth Systems

What are the four Earth systems?

• Geosphere- all solid Earth• Hydrosphere- all water• Biosphere- all life• Atmosphere- all gases that surround planet

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

• Troposphere- weather• Stratosphere- Ozone layer• Mesosphere- coldest• Thermosphere- outermost; satellites orbit

Layers of the Earth (chemical)

• Crust• Mantle • Core

Layers of the Earth (Physical)

• Lithosphere• Asthenosphere• Mesosphere• Outer Core• Inner Core

Types of Plate Boundaries

• Convergent- mountains, volcanoes, subduction, trenches

• Divergent- mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes• Transform- earthquakes

Earthquakes occur at ALL plate boundaries

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

• Earth’s system of keeping warm by gases in atmosphere that absorb outgoing radiation

• Without it, we’d be frozen- we need it• Too many GHGs lead to global warming• GHGs- CO2, methane, water vapor, nitrous

oxide• Ozone hole is NOT making Earth warmer-

those are two different issues

What processes are related to the water cycle?

• Evaporation- liquid gas (needs heat)• Condensation: gas liquid (needs cooling)• Precipitation: rain, snow, hail, sleet• Runoff: water moving downhill (rivers)• Transpiration: water evaporating from plants

Salt vs. Freshwater

• 97.5% of Earth’s water is SALTY• Most of Earth’s freshwater is trapped in

ice/glaciers• Groundwater, aquifers• Clean, freshwater is a precious resource

Oceans regulate earth’s climate

• Warm water currents make climate warmer than normal

• Cold water currents make climate cooler than normal

• Water absorbs a lot of heat and releases it slowly back to atmosphere

Systems Interactions

• A volcano spews millions of tons of ash and carbon dioxide into the air during an eruption– Geosphere – Atmosphere

• Plants release water vapor into the atmosphere – Biosphere- hydrosphere – atmosphere

• Heavy rains create a landslide that destroys a village in Colorado– Hydro – Geo – Bio- Atmo