Imaging for Clinicians

Series Editors:R. Ribes • P.R. Ros

María I. Martínez-León Antonio Martínez-Valverde Luisa Ceres-Ruiz(Editors)

Imaging for Pediatricians100 Key Cases

MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Department of RadiologyPediatric Radiology UnitHospital Materno-Infantil delHospital Regional Universitario Carlos HayaMálagaSpain

LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Department of RadiologyPediatric Radiology UnitHospital Materno-Infantil delHospital Regional Universitario Carlos HayaMálagaSpain

ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ-VALVERDE

Full Professor of PediatricsHead of Department of PediatricsHospital Materno-InfantilHospital Regional Universitario Carlos HayaMálagaSpain

ISBN 978-3-642-28628-5 ISBN 978-3-642-28629-2 (e-Book)DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28629-2

Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012939491

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin

Printed on acid-free paper

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my son, SSS, my life.

To Ramón, ILANY, TPAL.

MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

To Dora, our children and our grandchildren.

ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ-VALVERDE

To my children Carmen and Pedro the best of my

life, and to Octavi.

LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Contents

1 Neurological ImagingCase 1 Congenital Hydrocephalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

MARÍA DOLORES DOMÍNGUEZ-PINOS AND ANTONIO J. JIMÉNEZ

Case 2 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4LAURA ORTIZ TERÁN AND AGNIES M. VAN EEGHEN

Case 3 Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6MARÍA DOLORES DOMÍNGUEZ-PINOS AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 4 Acute Cerebellitis Secondary to Rotavirus Infection (ACSRI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8ALBERTO MUÑOZ GONZÁLEZ

Case 5 Moyamoya Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10ÉLIDA VÁZQUEZ MÉNDEZ AND ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ-MONTAÑEZ

Case 6 Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12BEATRIZ ASENJO GARCÍA

Case 7 Cystic Craniopharyngioma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14GERMAINE CARTIER VELÁZQUEZ AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 8 Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injuries and Magnetic Resonance Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16DANIELA BINAGHI AND MARIANO SOCOLOVSKY

Case 9 Intradural Lipoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18CARMEN BALLESTEROS-GUERRERO AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 10 Dumbbell Neuroblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 SUSANA RAMÍREZ JIMÉNEZ

2 Thoracic ImagingCase 1 Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

JAVIER LUCAYA AND JOAQUIM PIQUERAS

Case 2 Thoracic Rib Invasion from Actinomycosis . . . . . . . . 30PAUL MARTEN AND RODRIGO DOMÍNGUEZ

Case 3 Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32ESTELA PÉREZ RUIZ AND PILAR CARO AGUILERA

viii Contents

Case 4 Congenital Unilateral Pulmonary Vein Atresia . . . . . . 34ESTELA PÉREZ RUIZ AND PILAR CARO AGUILERA

Case 5 Late Complications of Congenital Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36FRANCISCO JAVIER PÉREZ-FRÍAS AND ESTELA PÉREZ RUIZ

Case 6 Congenital Tracheal Stenosis with Tracheoesophageal Fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38PILAR CARO AGUILERA AND ESTELA PÉREZ RUIZ

Case 7 Multidetector CT of the Central Airways in Children: 3D Imaging and Virtual Bonchoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . 40ISABEL GORDILLO GUTIÉRREZ

Case 8 Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . 44PILAR CARO AGUILERA AND FRANCISCO JAVIER PÉREZ-FRÍAS

Case 9 Bronchotracheal Foreign Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46PILAR CARO AGUILERA AND FRANCISCO JAVIER PÉREZ-FRÍAS

Case 10 Endobronchial Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ-VALVERDE

3 Cardiovascular ImagingCase 1 Atrial Septal Defect Ostium Secundum Type . . . . . . . 56

SOFÍA GRANJA AND CONSTANCIO MEDRANO

Case 2 Mitral Valve Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58SOFÍA GRANJA AND ENRIQUE MAROTO

Case 3 Sinus Venosus Defect and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection . . . . . . . 60SOFÍA GRANJA AND CARLOS MARÍN

Case 4 Double Aortic Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62MARIANO DEL VALLE DIÉGUEZ AND CARLOS MARÍN

Case 5 Tetralogy of Fallot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64SOFÍA GRANJAJOSÉ AND LUIS ZUNZUNEGUI

Case 6 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) . . . . . . . . . 66SOFÍA GRANJA AND CARLOS MARÍN

Case 7 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68CARLOS MARÍN AND MARIANO DEL VALLE DIÉGUEZ

Case 8 Cavopulmonary Thrombosis in Bidirectional Glenn 70FERMÍN SÁEZ GARMENDIA

Case 9 Single Coronary Artery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72PILAR GARCÍA-PEÑA AND CRISTIAN QUEZADA JORQUERA

Case 10 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) . . . . . . . . . . . . 74SOFÍA GRANJA AND CARLOS MARÍN

ixContents

4 Abdominal ImagingCase 1 Choledochal Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

SARA DESAMPARADOS PICÓ ALIAGA

Case 2 Gastric Duplication Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86CINTA SANGÜESA NEBOT

Case 3 Meckel’s Diverticulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88CINTA SANGÜESA NEBOT

Case 4 Severe Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90DOLORES MURO VELILLA

Case 5 Chronic Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92DOLORES MURO VELILLA

Case 6 Pediatric Crohn’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND VÍCTOR NAVAS LÓPEZ

Case 7 Hepatocellular Adenoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96SARA DESAMPARADOS PICÓ ALIAGA

Case 8 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) of Stomach in a Pediatric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98CINTA SANGÜESA NEBOT

Case 9 Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100DOLORES MURO VELILLA

Case 10 Omental Infarction in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102CINTA SANGÜESA NEBOT

5 Genitourinary ImagingCase 1 Bilateral Ureterocele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

LUISA CERES-RUIZ AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 2 Posterior Urethral Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112CARMINA DURAN FELIUBADALÓ AND LUIS RIERA SOLER

Case 3 Pyelonephritis in Newborns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Case 4 Acute Focal Nephronia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116LUISA CERES-RUIZ AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 5 Testicular Rupture After Blunt Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . 118MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND ANTONIO JURADO ORTIZ

Case 6 Nephrocalcinosis: Bartter’s Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Case 7 Pediatric Urolithiasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122CAROLINA FERNÁNDEZ-CREHUET AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

x Contents

Case 8 Neurogenic Nonneurogenic Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Case 9 Nutcracker Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126MARTA GARCÍA RAMÍREZ AND LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Case 10 Renal Cortical Necrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128LUISA CERES-RUIZ

6 Musculoskeletal ImagingCase 1 Discoid Lateral Meniscus with Tear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

INÉS SOLÍS MUÑIZ AND SERGIO MARTÍNEZ ÁLVAREZ

Case 2 Glenohumeral Dysplasia Following Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138IGNACIO BARBER MARTÍNEZ DE LA TORRE AND FRANCISCO SOLDADO CARRERA

Case 3 Transient Lateral Patellar Dislocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140INÉS SOLÍS MUÑIZ AND SERGIO MARTÍNEZ ÁLVAREZ

Case 4 Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee . . . . . . . . . . . . 142MIGUEL A. LÓPEZ PINO AND ANA RAMÍREZ BARRAGÁN

Case 5 Hemophilic Arthropathy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND ANGELES PALOMO BRAVO

Case 6 Osteomyelitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146SARA INMACULADA SIRVENT CERDÁ AND JAVIER ALONSO HERNÁNDEZ

Case 7 Intramuscular Venous Malformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148MIGUEL A. LÓPEZ PINO AND DANIEL AZORÍN CUADRILLERO

Case 8 Infantile Fibrosarcoma (IFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150SARA INMACULADA SIRVENT CERDÁ AND ALVARO LASSALETTA ATIENZA

Case 9 Chondroblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152PEDRO TORRES RUBIO AND DANIEL AZORÍN CUADRILLERO

Case 10 Extraskeletal Chondroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154MIGUEL A. LÓPEZ PINO AND DANIEL AZORÍN CUADRILLERO

7 Interventional ImagingCase 1 Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy . . . . . 162

CARMEN GALLEGO HERRERO AND ENRIQUE MEDINA BENÍTEZ

Case 2 Sonographically Guided Transrectal Drainage . . . . . . 164CARMEN GALLEGO HERRERO AND MARÍA LÓPEZ DÍAZ

xiContents

Case 3 Percutaneous Cecostomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166MARK J. HOGAN

Case 4 Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injection Therapy for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . 168MABEL GARCÍA-HIDALGO AND BEGOÑA LOSADA

Case 5 Osteoid Osteoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170JAMES W. MURAKAMI

Case 6 Percutaneous Sclerosis of Lymphangioma . . . . . . . . . 172CARMEN GALLEGO HERRERO AND DOLORES DELGADO

Case 7 Venous Malformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174GUSTAVO ALBI RODRÍGUEZ

Case 8 Brain Arteriovenous Malformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176PEDRO NAVIA AND ANA PLÁ

Case 9 Percutaneous Varicocele Embolization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178CARMEN GALLEGO HERRERO AND RICARDO SAN ROMÁN MANSO

Case 10 Renovascular Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180CARMEN GALLEGO HERRERO AND RICARDO SAN ROMÁN MANSO

8 Emergency ImagingCase 1 Acute Cerebellitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

ALBA MARTÍNEZ BROQUETAS AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 2 Traumatic Head Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190SUSANA CALLE RESTREPO

Case 3 Pediatric Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192NATALIA AGUILAR PÉREZ AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 4 Nonneonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194CRISTINA SERRANO GARCÍA AND ERNESTO DOMÉNECH ABELLÁN

Case 5 Orbital Cellulitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196VÍCTOR PÉREZ CANDELA AND ALBERTO ACOSTA MENDOZA

Case 6 Retropharyngeal Infections in Children . . . . . . . . . . . 198MARÍA ISABEL MARTÍNEZ MARÍN

Case 7 Acute Bacterial Sinusitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200CRISTINA SEGOVIA VERJEL AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

Case 8 Palm Tree Thorn Foreign Body Injury at the Knee . . 202VÍCTOR PÉREZ CANDELA AND RAFAEL AVILA SUÁREZ

Case 9 Ovarian Torsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204ANABEL DOBLADO LÓPEZ AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

xii Contents

Case 10 The Limping Child: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206MARÍA DOLORES DOMÍNGUEZ-PINOS AND MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN

9 Neonatal ImagingCase 1 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND ANTONIO MARTÍNEZ-VALVERDE

Case 2 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dysplasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216ANABEL DOBLADO LÓPEZ AND CRISTINA BRAVO BRAVO

Case 3 Neonatal Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218ROBERTO LLORENS SALVADOR AND AMPARO MORENO FLORES

Case 4 Pyogenic Liver Abscess in Neonates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220CRISTINA BRAVO BRAVO AND MARÍA GRACIA ESPINOSA FERNÁNDEZ

Case 5 Inspissated Bile Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222CRISTINA BRAVO BRAVO AND PASCUAL GARCÍA-HERRERA TAILLEFER

Case 6 Hirschsprung Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224ALMUDENA PÉREZ LARA AND PASCUAL GARCÍA-HERRERA TAILLEFER

Case 7 Neonatal Renal Vein Thrombosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226INMACULADA GONZÁLEZ ALMENDROS AND CRISTINA BRAVO BRAVO

Case 8 Posterior Urethral Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228CELESTINO GÓMEZ REBOLLO AND PASCUAL GARCÍA-HERRERA TAILLEFER

Case 9 Cerebellar Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants . . . . . . . . 230PASCUAL GARCÍA-HERRERA TAILLEFER AND ALEJANDRO ARANDA MORA

Case 10 Neonatal Brain Abscesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232FÁTIMA NAGIB RAYA AND CRISTINA BRAVO BRAVO

10 Fetal ImagingCase 1 Fetal Microlissencephaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

ÉLIDAVÁZQUEZ MÉNDEZ AND IGNACIO DELGADO ÁLVAREZ

Case 2 Alobar Holoprosencephaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242ELENA PASTOR-PONS AND MARÍA CULIÁÑEZ-CASAS

Case 3 Fetal Arachnoid Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244CÉSAR MARTÍN MARTÍNEZ AND CONXITA ESCOFET SOTERAS

xiiiContents

Case 4 Dandy-Walker Malformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246ELENA PASTOR-PONS AND MARÍA CULIÁÑEZ-CASAS

Case 5 Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation . . . . . . . . . . 248ROBERTO LLORENS SALVADOR AND ANA MARÍA VIEGAS SAINZ

Case 6 Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250YOLANDA RUIZ MARTÍN AND CARLOS MARÍN

Case 7 Bronchial Atresia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252LINA CADAVID ÁLVAREZ AND AMPARO CASTELLOTE ALONSO

Case 8 Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND LUISA CERES-RUIZ

Case 9 Fetal Ureterocele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256LUISA CERES-RUIZ AND MARÍA VIDAL DENIS

Case 10 Persistent Urachus and Allantoid Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258MARÍA I. MARTÍNEZ-LEÓN AND ISIDORO NARBONA ARIAS

Contributors

Alberto Acosta Mendoza Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil de Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain

Natalia Aguilar Pérez Radiologist Family Physician Hospital Costa del Sol Marbella Málaga Spain

Gustavo Albi Rodríguez Pediatric Radiologist Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Javier Alonso Hernández Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Alejandro Aranda Mora Neonatology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Beatriz Asenjo García Radiologist Head of the Department of Radiology Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Rafael Avila Suárez Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil de Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain

Daniel Azorín Cuadrillero Department of Pathology Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Carmen Ballesteros-Guerrero Radiologist Family Physician Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Ignacio Barber Martínez de la Torre Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Spain

Daniela Binaghi Radiologist Department of Imaging Neurosciences InstituteFavaloro University Buenos Aires Argentina

xvi Contributors

Cristina Bravo Bravo Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Lina Cadavid Álvarez Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’ Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

Susana Calle Restrepo Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Bogotá Colombia

Pilar Caro Aguilera Department of Pediatrics Pneumology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Germaine Cartier Velázquez Radiologist Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Amparo Castellote Alonso Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

Luisa Ceres Ruiz Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

María Culiáñez-Casas Radiology Department Pediatric and Gynecological Unit Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain

Mariano del Valle Diéguez Pediatric Radiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain

Dolores Delgado Pediatric Surgery Hospital Maternoinfantil Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

Ignacio Delgado Álvarez Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

Anabel Doblado López Radiologist Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

xviiContributors

Rodrigo Domínguez Department of Pediatric Radiology Randall Children’s Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Portland , Oregon USA

María Dolores Domínguez-Pinos Radiologist Family Physician Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Ernesto Doménech Abellán Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain

Carmina Duran Feliubadaló Department of Pediatric Radiology UDIAT-CDCorporació Sanitàriao i Universitària Parc Taulí Sabadell Spain

Conxita Escofet Soteras Department of Pediatric Neurology Hospital de Sabadell Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí Sabadell Spain

María Gracia Espinosa Fernández Neonatologist Department of Neonatology Hospital Materno-Infantil del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Carolina Fernández-Crehuet Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria Málaga Spain

Carmen Gallego Herrero Department of Pediatric and Interventional Radiology Hospital Maternoinfantil Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

Pascual García-Herrera Taillefer Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Mabel García-Hidalgo Pediatric Radiologist Hospital Virgen de la Salud Toledo Spain

Marta García Ramírez Pediatric Department Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Pilar García-Peña Department of Pediatric Radiology Universitary Hospital Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

xviii Contributors

Celestino Gómez Rebollo Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria Málaga Spain

Inmaculada González Almendros Department of Radiology Family Physician Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Isabel Gordillo Gutiérrez Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain

Sofía Granja Department of Pediatric Cardiology Hospital São João Madrid Spain

Pediatric Cardiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Porto Portugal

Mark J. Hogan Pediatric Radiology Department of Radiology Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus , OH USA

Antonio J. Jiménez Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, and Physiology University of Malaga Málaga Spain

Antonio Jurado Ortiz Head of Department of Pediatrics Hospital Materno-Infantil del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Alvaro Lassaletta Atienza Department of Pediatric Oncology Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Roberto Llorens Salvador Pediatric Radiology Unit - Medical Imaging Area Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Valencia Spain

María López Díaz Pediatric Surgeon Hospital Maternoinfantil Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

Miguel A. López Pino Department of Radiology Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Begoña Losada Pediatric Rheumatologist Hospital Virgen de la Salud Toledo Spain

Javier Lucaya Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Spain

xixContributors

Carlos Marín Pediatric Radiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain

Paul Marten Department of Pediatric Radiology Randall Children’s Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Portland , Oregon USA

César Martín Martínez Department of Pediatric Radiology UDIAT-CD, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí Sabadell Spain

Sergio Martínez Álvarez Department of Pediatric Orthopedics Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Alba Martínez Broquetas Department of Radiology Hospital Infanta Elena Huelva Spain

María I. Martínez León Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

María Isabel Martínez Marín Pediatrician Centro de Salud Alameda-Perchel Department of Pediatric Emergency Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Antonio Martínez Valverde Full Professor of Pediatrics Head of Department of Pediatrics Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Enrique Maroto Pediatric Cardiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain

Enrique Medina Benítez Pediatric Gastroenterology Hospital Maternoinfantil Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

Constancio Medrano Pediatric Cardiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain

xx Contributors

Amparo Moreno Flores Pediatric Radiology Unit - Medical Imaging Area Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe Valencia Spain

Alberto Muñoz González Neuroradiologist Full Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology School of Medicine Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain

James W. Murakami Pediatric Radiologist Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus, Ohio USA

Dolores Muro Velilla Medical Imaging Area Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe , Valencia Spain

Fátima Nagib Raya Department of Radiology Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Isidoro Narbona Arias Department of Obstetrics and Ginecoloy Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Víctor Navas López Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Pedro Navia Interventional Neuroradiology Radiodiagnostic Service Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

Laura Ortiz Terán Post-Doctoral Research Fellow Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Boston , Massachusetts USA

Angeles Palomo Bravo Hematology Service Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Elena Pastor-Pons Radiology Department Pediatric and Gynecological Unit Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain

Víctor Pérez Candela Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil de Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain

xxiContributors

Almudena Pérez Lara Department of Radiology Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

Francisco Javier Pérez-Frías Department of Pediatrics Pneumology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos HayaUniversity of Málaga Málaga Spain

Estela Pérez Ruiz Department of Pediatrics Pneumology Unit Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya University of Málaga Málaga Spain

Sara Picó Aliaga Medical Imaging Area Pediatric Radiology Section Hospital Universitari i Politectnic La Fe , Valencia Spain

Joaquim Piqueras Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

Ana Plá Interventional Neuroradiology Radiodiagnostic Service Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

Cristian Quezada Jorquera Department of Pediatric Radiology Universitary Hospital Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

Ana Ramírez Barragán Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Susana Ramírez Jiménez Pediatrician Centro de Salud Mirafl ores de los Angeles Málaga Spain

Luis Riera Soler Department of Pediatric Radiology UDIAT-CD, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí Sabadell Spain

Yolanda Ruiz Martín Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain

Fermín Sáez Garmendia Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario de Cruces Cruces Barakaldo Bizkaia

Ricardo San Román Manso Vascular and Interventional Radiology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain

xxii Contributors

Ángel Sánchez-Montañez Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

Cinta Sangüesa Nebot Medical Imaging Area Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe , Valencia Spain

Cristina Segovia Verjel Pediatrician Radiologist Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío , Sevilla Spain

Cristina Serrano García Department of Radiology Pediatric Radiology Unit Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain

Sara Inmaculada Sirvent Cerdá Department of Radiology Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Mariano Socolovsky Neurosurgeon Peripheral Nerve Unit Department of Neurosurgery University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine Buenos Aires Argentina

Francisco Soldado Carrera Pediatric Upper Extremity and Microsurgery Unit Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Spain

Inés Solís Muñiz Department of Radiology Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Pedro Torres Rubio Department of Radiology Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain

Agnies M. Van Eeghen Department of Radiology Herscot Center for TSC Massachusetts General Hospital Boston , Massachusetts USA

Élida Vázquez Méndez Department of Pediatric Radiology Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron - AMI Barcelona Spain

María Vidal Denis Department of Radiology Hospital Materno-Infantil del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya Málaga Spain

xxiiiContributors

Ana María Viegas Sainz Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital NISA – Aljarafe Castilleja de la Cuesta Sevilla Spain

José Luis Zunzunegui Pediatric Cardiology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain