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RabbiZidni'ilma-"OhMyAllah!IncreaseMeInMyKnowledge".
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
1
An Empirical Evaluation of Technological
Organizational Infrastructure Significance for Knowledge Management Systems Success in
SMEs’ Sector of Pakistan
Presenter Dr. Iftikhar Hussain
University of Management Sciences & IT Kotli AJ&K
Co- Author Mr. Shahid Hussain Miss Amber Qurashi
WhatisKnowledge?
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• TheOldPyramid– data
• informa/on– knowledge
» wisdom
• KnowledgeisinformaNonthathasbeenorganizedandanalyzedtomakeitunderstandableandapplicabletoproblemsolvingordecisionmaking(Turban,1992).
• KnowledgeisreasoningaboutinformaNonanddatatoacNvelyenableperformance,problemsolving,decisionmaking,learningandteaching(Beckman,1999).
TypesofKnowledge
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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=Peopleknowledge
=Media-basedExplicit Wri;endown
Tacit inPeople’shead
Individuals
Paper-based
Mul2media
Digitally-Indexed
Digitally-Ac2ve
IntellectualProperty © ™ (sm) Patents
Groups
Explicit–knowledgethatiscodified,recorded,oractualizedintosomeformoutsideofthehead.e.g.Books,periodicals,journals,maps,photographs,audio-recordings,WebPages,websites,portalsTacit–Knowledgefromexperienceandinsight,notinarecordedform,butinourheads,intuiNon
WhatisKM
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• KMisaprocessofmanagingtheorganizaNonalknowledgeandhumancapitalwhichcandevelopaseriesofcorporateperformancecomponentsandinsertvaluebyenablinganorganizaNontoperformwisely(Wiig,1993).
• Basically,KMis:– Peoplewhouseand/orgenerateknowledge– ProcessesforidenNfying,capturing,storing,retrieving,maintaining,and
usingknowledge– Technologiesthatsupporttheabovepeopleandprocesses– StrategiesforidenNfyingcriNcalknowledge
• Basically,KMisNOT:– ApurelytechnicalsoluNonorjustanotherpieceofsoAware– Acapturingofalldata,informaNon,andknowledge– Abuzzwordtobeusedtodescribesomethingyouwanttodo
TechnologicalOrganizaNonalInfrastructure
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Knowledge management (KM) can be sighted as a socio-technicalsystem of explicit and tacit organizaNonal strategies and pracNces,whereas, informaNon technology (IT) could be believed as a value-enhancingtechnologicalorganizaNonalinfrastructure(TOI)(Ravietal.2007).NodoubtKMdependsmoreonindividualsorintellectualsworkinginan organizaNon as they are the core source of knowledge creaNon;howeveritisalsoimpossibletoleveragewide-rangingbenefitsofKMwithout insNtuNng a sound TOI (Grover and Davenport, 2001). InordertoensureeffecNveimplementaNonofKMintheirorganizaNonsvarious companies are introducing technologies such as intranet,internet,LotusNotes,videoconferencingandIT-baseddatabases.TOI can facilitate speedy exploraNon, access and recovery ofinformaNon,andcandevelopteamworkandeffecNvecommunicaNonamongorganizaNonalconsNtuents.
Purposeofthestudy
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• ThepurposeofthisarNclewastoinvesNgateshowtechnologicalorganizaNonalinfrastructureisrelevantandessenNalforknowledgemanagementsystemssuccessandhowimprovingKMperformancethroughtechnologicalorganizaNonalinfrastructurecanbeasourceofcompeNNvenesstotheSMEsectorandhowmanagersanddirectorswithintheSMEsectorrecognizethis.
Problemstatement
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• Theuseofknowledgeas themajor resource forimprovingorganizaNonalperformanceaswellasachieving compeNNve advantage in businesssectorhasbeenawidelydiscussestopicsincelastfewdecades.However,inSMEsectorofPakistanthe knowledge management systems (KMS) aresNll very poor and are at their early stage ofdevelopment. This research is designed toanswer the problem what are the keycomponents of TOIs, and how it can contributetowards the growth and development of KM inSMEs’sectorofPakistan.
Research Problem AlthoughKMhasbecomeanimportantinterdisciplinaryareaofstudybothwithinthedomainofinformaNonsystemsandbeyond,therehasbeenrelaNvelyliklediscussionontheTOI,despiteitsrelevancetoKMsystemsandtheinteracNonofactors,processes,andtechnologyinallaspectsofKMfromdesigntoactualuse.TheresearchproblemistounderstandandexplainhowandwhatTOIfactorsaffectthesuccessofKMSintheSMEsandproposeamodelfordevelopingasuccessfulKMSsystemforSMEssectorofPakistan.
EconomicDevelopment
SMEsDevelopment
Innova/on&
Compe//veness
KnowledgeManagement
SystemsTOI
?27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Research Questions ThisresearchisdesignedtoanswerthequesNonswhatarethekeycomponentsofTOIs,andhowitcancontributetowardsthegrowthanddevelopmentofKMinSMEs’sectorofPakistan.BesidewiththismainresearchquesNon,thestudywillalsodealwithfollowing
quesNons.n HowdoweapproachKMimplementaNontoensuresuccess?n IsthereanyrelaNonshipbetweenKMsuccessandorganizaNon’sTOIs
capabiliNesinSMEs’sector?n WhatTOIfactorsshouldbeconsideredmostseriouslytoensuresuccess?n WhatshouldSME’sectorofPakistandotomakeKMimplementaNon
successful?n HowSMEs’sectorofPakistancanpromotegoodfitsbetweenTOIandKM
toensureKMsuccessinSMEs?
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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ObjecNvesoftheStudy
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• ProposeaTOIbasedKnowledgeManagementsuccessmodel• PresentastrategytoensureKMsystemsuccessbyensuring
TOIstandardsinSMEs• ExploretheTOIissuesSMEshaveandtheirimpacton
organizaNonalperformance.• ExploreknowledgemanagementinSMEsfromtheviewpoint
oftheTOIandtheirrelaNonshipwithKMSsuccessinSMEs.
HypothesisoftheStudy
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Hypothesis Descrip/on
H1 There is a significant posiNve relaNonship between developing advancedtechnical organizaNonal infrastructure (sharing technology with managers,supervisors and other employees to foster KM relaNonships, effecNvecataloguing and archiving procedures for documentary knowledgemanagement, developing a mechanism for knowledge sharing among theconcerns and using technology for managing knowledge) and knowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.
TOI→KMS
H1a There is a significant posiNve relaNonship between sharing technology withmanagers, supervisors and other employees to foster KM relaNonships andknowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.
STMSE→KMS
H1b There isa significantposiNve relaNonshipbetweeneffecNvecataloguingandarchiving procedures for documentary knowledge management andknowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.
ECAP→KMS
H1c There is a significantposiNve relaNonshipbetweendeveloping amechanismfor knowledge sharing among the concerns and knowledge managementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.
DMKS→KMS
H1d There is a significant posiNve relaNonship between using technology formanagingknowledgeandknowledgemanagementsuccessfulimplementaNoninPakistaniSMEs.
UTMK→KMS
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Methodology
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• DatacollecNonmethods{Interview,QuesNonnaire,Searchthewebandlibrary(digital&physical)study}
• Variables:Dependant(KMsuccess)andindependent(TOI)• Sampleofstudy:243quesNonnaireinSMEsworkinginAJ&K.• Analysismethods(Means,StandarddeviaNons,CorrelaNoncoefficient)• ReliabilityandValidity(Alphaandfactorialvalidityanalysis)
Results
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Characteris/cs N PercentageAge(years) 20-3030-4040-55
1367631
55.9631.2812.76
Gender MaleFemale
21132
86.8313.17
Educa/on MastersoraboveGradua/on
16677
68.3131.69
Total 243 100
Respondents' profile
Results of Reliability Analysis
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Factors No.ofItems Alpha
TIcapabilityfactors
Sharingtechnologywithmanagers,supervisorsandotheremployeestofosterKMrela/onships
6 0.7658
Effec/vecataloguingandarchivingproceduresfordocumentaryknowledgemanagement
5 0.8341
Developingamechanismforknowledgesharingamongtheconcerns 7
0.7435
Usingtechnologyformanagingknowledge` 4 0.8456
Mean and S.D. of factors for the degree of importance of organizational capability
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Factors Mean StandardDevia/on
Sharingtechnologywithmanagers,supervisorsandotheremployeestofosterKMrela/onships
4.641 0.8453
Effec/vecataloguingandarchivingproceduresfordocumentaryknowledgemanagement 3.932 0.7354
Developingamechanismforknowledgesharingamongtheconcerns 4.674 0.8154
Usingtechnologyformanagingknowledge` 4.916 0.8021
Summarized Multiple Regression Analysis
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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Variable B SE β T P
Constant 8.128 1.086
Sharingtechnologywithmanagers,supervisorsandotheremployeestofosterKMrela/onships
.787 .095 .792 8.284 .000
Effec/vecataloguingandarchivingproceduresfordocumentaryknowledgemanagement
.346 .067 .543 5.164 .000
Developingamechanismforknowledgesharingamongtheconcerns .247 .054 .536 4.574 .000
Usingtechnologyformanagingknowledge .319 .045 .689 7.088 .000
N = 243
F = 51.454 df = 4 p = .000 R2 = .799 Adjusted R2 = .792
ContribuNonsofthestudy
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• Theore/calContribu/ons• ThestudypresentedliteratureonKMinSMEsectorandconstructedanewKM
frameworkbasedonfindingsfromtheliterature.• Theproposedframeworkisdesignedandbuiltonthefoundingconceptof‘KM
success’.TheaimistoassistaSMEintheadopNonandeffecNveimplementaNonofTOIforKMsuccess.
• ThestudyintendstocontributetounderstandhowTOIisakeycontributorintheprocessofimprovedperformanceandsuccessfortheKMinSMEs.
• Thestudyalsointendstocontributetoformulateaclearanddefinedguidance,expressedinaframeworkonhowakenNonmustbepaidforupgradingtheTOIcapabiliNesandthroughthisincreasetheperformanceoftheKMaswellasSMEs.
• ThestudyalsoindicatesthattherearemanyprospectsforfutureresearcherstodevelopfurthertheexisNngTOIsforKM.TheseTOIscontainstechnologiestoenableSMEswithbekerknowledgedistribuNonbetweenknowledgeprocessors,theseprocessorscanbeITbasedorhuman.
Conclusions
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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• Nevertheless,thehumancapitalandsomeothernon-technologicalfactorsarecriNcallyimportantbutitdoesnotimplythatweshoulddisregardorneglecttechnologicalfactorsimpactonKMsuccessinresearchandpracNce.Doingsowewillnotonlyneglectvariousundertakingsatpresent,but,moresignificantly,wouldthrustasideanindispensableelementofKM’sprospecNveforthefuture.
• KMisanacNondisciplinethatseekstoputknowledgeinmoNonandfacilitatethetransferandreuseofknowledgebetweenindividuals,howeverwithoutensuringethicalstandardsitwouldbeineffecNve.
• KMisgoingtobecomethenewIS• KMwillchangetheworldwenowknow• WeneedaTOIbasedwelldevelopedKMStobecompeNNveandsuccessfulin21st
century
27/05/16Dr.IAikharHussain,Universityof
ManagementSciences&InformaNonTechnologyKotliAJ&K
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ThanksaLotforYourParNcipaNonand
PaNence!QuesNons?