Race in Mediterranean AntiquityTemple UniversityClass 33: Nov. 13, 213Roman EgyptRoman !"ypt!"ypt today332 Alexander takes Egypt from the Persians#isits Memp$is, %i&a'ounds Ale(andria)eaves in 331, appoints a *ree+ ,rom Naucratis, Cleomenes as nomarch- never returns.323 Alexander dies; Ptolemy given charge of Egypt, later has Cleomenes executed30 Ptolemy declares himself king, not of Egypt so much as Alexander!s universal successor"2#3 Ptolemy $ %oter dies; succeeded &y Ptolemy $$ Philadelphus2'()2*3 +ars &et,een Ptolemies and %eleucids over %yria2( Ptolemy $$ Philadelphus dies; succeeded &y Ptolemy $$$ Euergetes.tolemaic /istory: Timeline.tolemaic /istory: Timeline20( Ptolemy - succeeds to the throne at age *.he great revolt of the Egyptians /20*01# 2C314 5osetta stone decree1# 2attle of Pydna6 7ucus Aemilius Paullus defeats Perseus, e0ectively endin" t$e independent +in"dom o, Macedon.1# 8aius Popilius 7aenus stops t$e %eleuicid Antioc$us 1# ,rom tryin" to ta+e advanta"e o, Rome2s distraction in Macedon and .tolemaic &ea+ness 3y invadin" !"ypt and deposin" .tolemy #1- 5ome increasingly involved in Ptolemaic a9airs*1)30 Cleopatra -$$, last o, t$e .tolemies, rules !"yptResistance to .tolemaic RuleYear 5 of pharaoh Hyrgonaphorloved by Isis and Osiris, loved by AmonRe king of the gods, the great godT$is "ra4to, &ritten in t$e !"yptian lan"ua"e 3ut in t$e *ree+ alp$a3et, is carved in t$e door openin" o, t$e 5siris c$apel in t$e mortuary temple o, %eti 1 at A3ydos. 1n t$e same temple a *ree+ "ra4to &as ,ound in &$ic$ a certain .$ilo+les o, Troi6en 7a city in t$e .eloponnesos8 $onors t$e local "od %arapis 75siris8. .$ilo+les too+ part in t$e sie"e o, A3ydos in 199 :C on t$e side o, .tolemy #, &$ereas t$e !"yptian "ra4to &as certainly carved 3y a partisan o, /yr"onap$or;/aronnop$ris. Cleopatra #11 .$ilopatorrst cent. :C!, tryin" to ta+e advanta"e o, Roman Civil ?arsCleopatra #11 .$ilopatorMar3le 3ust, :erlin%tatue, Royal 5ntario Museum, ,rom Ale(andria)imestone relie,, Temple op, /at$or at @enderaCleopatra #11 .$ilopator ands t$e Civil ?ars(4 Caesar crosses 5u&icon ,rom *aul into 1taly- >"$ts &it$ .ompey t$e *reat ,or supremacy- :arcus Antonius $is main lieutenant.(# Caesar defeats Pompey in the 2attle of Pharsalus 7*reece8- .ompey Aees to !"ypt, 3ut is assasinated 3y .tolemy B111, 3rot$er and 7,or a s$ort time8 $us3and to Cleopatra(#)(' Caesar intervenes in a Ptolemaic civil ,ar &et,een Cleopatra and her &rothers- installs Cleopatra, &$o 3ecame pre"nant at t$is time &it$, as s$e said, Caesar2s son, &$om s$e named Caesarion 7)ittle Caesar8.CD=C< Caesar de,eats last o, t$e senatorial and .ompeian armies in A,rica and %pain- declared dictator ,or li,e- Cleopatra in Rome.CC Caesar assassinated 3y senatorial party- Cleopatra returns to !"ypt- stru""le to succeed to Caesar2s position, last p$ase o, Roman civil &ars.Cleopatra #11 .$ilopator ands t$e Civil ?arsC3 Cleopatra ali"ns &it$ .u3lius Cornelius @ola3ella, one o, Caesar2s lieutenants, &$o reco"ni6es Caesarion as Caesar2s son.C2 :attle o, .$illipi: Cassius and :rutus commit suicide- Repu3lic truly deadC1 Cleopatra ali"ns &it$ Antonius- $as t&ins &it$ Antonius, Ale(ander /elios and Cleopatra %elene 11Antony and Cleopatra. %ilver @enarius, 32 :C. C)!5.ATRAE! R!*1NA! R!*#MF'1)15R#M R!*#M @iademed and draped 3ust o, Cleopatra to ri"$t Rev. ANT5N1 ARM!N1A @!#1CTA /ead o, M. Antony to ri"$tCleopatra #11 .$ilopator ands t$e Civil ?ars31 5ctavian de,eats Antony and Cleopatra at t$e :attle o, Actium 7*reece8Ant$ony commits suicide, older son 3y 'ulvia +illed.Cleopatra, Caesarion 71G yrs. old8 die.Cleopatra %elene 11 married o0.No de>nite in,ormation a3out t$e ,ates o, Ale(ander /elios and .$iladelp$us, e(cept t$at t$ey &ere still alive in 2D 7t$en 1C and 1, resp.8.Roman !"ypt31 5ctavian ta+es !"ypt and cele3rates a triump$ over Cleopatra- controls entire Mediterranean &orld at a"e 32.Not a senatorial 7Repu3lican province8 3ut a personal possession.uts an equestrian in c$ar"e!"ypt $as an anomalous position in t$e 1mperial systemAegypto capta, 2H=2G :C!- and triump$al issue, 29=2G :C!Roman !"ypt@iocletian re"ulari6es !"ypt as province in t$e !mpire in 29HRoman emperors 7or &ould=3e emperors8 rule almost continuously until DC1 C!, &$en t$e Ara3s invaded and too+ Ale(andria%i"ni>cant disruptions in or to Roman rule include:11