RAH Day 19 AgendaRAH Day 19 AgendaRAH Day 19 AgendaRAH Day 19 AgendaGoal – to understand how the CR Movement was able to have

some successes and why. To understand why the CR movement split and the effects of the new methods and goals

• Homework questions? • Civil Rights Video – Montgomery to D.C. – buses, schools, sit-

ins, marches• Complete p 17 re: split in the civil rights movement• Split in Civil Rights Movement – read pp 22 from MLK and 23 from

Huey Newton – Explain the differences between these leaders regarding violence.

• Civil Rights Video –split in the movement, MLK and RFK assassinations

• Review Packet p 24 – review of civil rights• Current events discussion• Packet p 25 review women’s movement • Read packet p 26 & 27 & 30– re: women in the workplace – answer

the four questions – how did perceptions of women differ? Identify the issues that women had to face.

1955 Emmett Till is murdered, ICC rules segregation in interstate travel is illegal Rosa Parks arrested, bus boycott begins in Montgomery, AL, Brown ruling must be carried out with “all deliberate speed,

1956 Browder v. Gayle declaring segregation on Alabama intrastate buses to be unconstitutional, November 13. Bus Boycott ends. “Massive Resistance” to integration by southern states begins

1957 SCLC created by MLK, jr, Civil Rights Act of ’57 passed related to discrimination in voting, Little Rock 9

1958 USSC denies postponing integration in Little Rock

1959 Virginia ends compulsory public education to avoid integrating

1960 Sit-ins begin in Greensboro, NC, SNCC created to coordinate civil disobedience

1961 CORE organizes Freedom Rides

1962 US Army protects James Meredith at University of Mississippi

1963 March in Birmingham, JFK proposes a civil rights law, march on Washington and I Have a Dream, JFK killed, Birmingham 4 killed

1964 LBJ gets CRA passed, MFDP organized, 24th Am passed ending poll tax, 3 killed in Philadelphia MS, freedom summer

Timeline of the US Civil Rights Movement

1965 March from Selma (Bloody Sunday), Voting Rights Act passed, Malcolm X assassinated, 1st big Watts Riot, LBJ issues executive order requiring “Affirmative Action” for federal contractor hiring.

1966 Stokely Charmichael takes over SNCC and discriminates against whites, SNCC calls for “Black Power”, James Meredith marches and is shot, Black Panther Party founded, Edward Brooke (R – MA) first black elected to US Senate since 1881.

1967 Thurgood Marshall appointed to USSC, Riots in many cities, Loving v Virginia ends prohibition against inter-racial marriage, 2 blacks elected as mayors of big cities

1968 MLK killed, RFK killed, LBJ drops out of election, Kerner Commission Report issued claiming that racism is a major reason for the economic disparities between blacks and whites, Civil Rights Act ‘68

Timeline of the US Civil Rights Movement

Challenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR Movement

1. A) De jure segregation

B) De Facto segregation

2. SNCC v Nation of Islam

1. A) Races separated by law and actions of the governmentB) races separated by custom and practice influenced by economics

2. SNCC began non-violent and wanted integration – to have blacks work within and with white societyNI – wanted separation, resorted to violence and promoted black superiority

Challenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR Movement

3. Malcolm X changed3. He believed that blacks were better than whites, and that whites were the evil oppressors who needed to be confronted and fought. That Blacks should be separate from whites controlling their own destinies.

Malcolm changed after the Haj in April 1964. He believed in equality under Allah and while not renouncing violence, he argued for integration and working together – ballots not bullets

Challenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR Movement

4. Charmichael’s changes

5. How did SNCC differ from the Black Panthers?

4. After June 17, 1966, Stokely no longer promoted integration and non-violence. After his 27th arrest, he preached fighting fire with fire and confronting the discrimination and segregation. He then joined the Black Panthers, which promoted the idea he began of Black Power.

5. SNCC was a civil rights group, the BPs were a political party running pre-school programs, job training, health clinics & candidates for office6. Gains made by the Civil Rights movement:

Laws were passed to end discrimination and segregation,

Court cases ordered the ending of segregation

Millions of blacks were registered to vote – 60% by 1968

Thousands of blacks were elected into local state and federal offices

Blacks appeared in more TV shows and movies, more in college,

Racism became socially improper

Challenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementChallenges and changes in CR MovementGroup Leaders Goals Methods

SCLC Dr. King end discrimination

end segregation

gain voting rights for real

Non-violent civil disobedience, marches, speeches, polite and respectful

COREEarly SNCC

James FarmerStokely Charmichael

end discrimination

end segregation

gain voting rights for real

Sit-ins, marches, freedom rides, voter registration drives

Black PowerLater SNCC

Stokely Charmichael, Huey Newton, Bobby Seale

End discrimination, equal opportunity leading to equal outcome, black political, economic and social power

Marches, protests, violence, self-defense training, political candidates, community building, education and job training programs

Nation of Islam

Elijah Muhammed, Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan

wanted separation, promoted black superiority, black pride, traditional families

resorted to violence, religious and family training, strict community policing, self-defense, community building

Black Panthers

Huey Newton, Bobby Seale

wanted separation, promoted black superiority, black pride, equal opportunity leading to equal outcome, black political, economic and social power

violence, self-defense training, political candidates, community building, education and job training programs

1 - Experience at work

Wage and job discrimination made women mad and feel inferior. Women were also less able to care for themselves and their children if they were single, or unable to leave a bad marriage because they earned less.

2. Experience w/ activism

Work for racial justice awakened in women the desire to end their own socio-economic inferiority

3. Consciousness raising

Helped individual women become aware that they were not alone in feeling dissatisfied with their lot in life

4. feminism Provided theory for the movement – women should be treated the same as men socially, economically and politically

Women’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equality

Women’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equality

5. Feminine Mystique 5. Opened eyes of women to be aware of their situation and to act to improve their lives – the key to early consciousness-raising

6. Civil Rights Act ’64 6. Provided legal tools and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to use the power of the federal government to sue in court for equality

7. National Organization for Women (NOW)

7. National Organization for Women created to organize action to achieve goals of socio-economic and political equality

8. MS. Magazine 8. Information about and voice of the women’s movement

9. Congress 9. CRA, Education Act ’72, ERA proposed, EEOC stronger, tax breaks for child care

10. Supreme Court 5. Roe v Wade (’73), Griswold v Connecticut (’65), Nashville Gas v Satty (‘77)

Pg 26 On Working Mothers - Questions to think about

1. What did Dr. Spock believe to be the ideal situation for rearing children? What risk did he think working mothers ran?

2. What was the solution to the child care dilemma, according to Gerzon?

3. How did Betty Friedan view the studies on the effects of working mothers on their children?

4. Explain the dilemma of the letter-writer to Ms. Magazine. Is there a legal or social solution to her problem? Explain.

ideal to have mom stay at home to take care of children because a mother is best able to take care of children. However, sometimes circumstances require mom to work, therefore, loving, quality time is very important. Risked maladjusted/neglected kids

Society, the workplace and gov’t policy all had to change to address social changes – businesses need flex time, dads need to pick up some of the slack and in some cases more gov’t funded day care,

She claims that there is no evidence that children are hurt by working mothers. Actually the studies show that many women are happier working, and that delinquency is not shown to be caused by working mothers.

Gov’t needs to change the tax rules, change how it views the value of in-home work, and society needs to change how it values women in the workforce

Pg 26 On Working Mothers - Questions to think about