RAH Day 6 AgendaCold War in Asia

EU:

1. Following World War II, the United States shifted its foreign policy towards greater international interventionism based on the goal of containing the Soviet Union

2. The modern political environment can be traced to the election of 1948 and the policies of Truman

Agenda:

• Discuss candidates and results of the 1948 election

• Fair Deal and Vital Center graphic organizer

• Complete Containment Policies worksheet on Korea and China

• Create political poster supporting Dems/Reps

1948 candidates

Henry Wallace Progressive Party

1. Very liberal 2. Very High:

More New Deal

3. cooperation with USSR

4. Civil rights

Harry Truman Democratic Party

1. Liberal 2. High: Fair

Deal3. Containment

of USSR4. Civil Rights

Thomas Dewey Republican Party

1. Conservative 2. Low: Smaller

gov’t, lower taxes

3. Confront USSR

4. Anti-union

Strom Thurmond States’ Rights Democratic Party

1. Socially conservative

2. Low: Opposed to civil rights b/c it expanded fed. power

3. Confront USSR4. Opposed to civil

rights

49.6%49.6%

WinnerWinner

2.4%2.4%

0% electoral vote0% electoral vote

45.1%45.1%

35.5% electoral 35.5% electoral votevote

2.4%2.4%

7.5% electoral vote7.5% electoral vote

1948 Election1948 Election

Essential Questions

1. How was Truman able to defeat Dewey? A. Aggressive Campaigning B. Wallace’s support of communism made Truman

seem tougher on communismC. Thurmond’s civil rights opposition helped

minorities vote for TrumanD. New Deal Coalition: Labor, Jews, Minorities,

farmers

Essential Questions

1. What provisions of Truman’s Fair Deal succeeded? What parts failed? Why? (48-50) Complete Chart top of pg. 16 of packet

2. Describe the three “assumptions” or “pillars” of the Vital Center. How do they relate to Gillon’s paradox? Complete Chart bottom of pg. 16 of packet

PP 14 - Truman’s Fair Deal – Jan. 5, 1949Proposal Provisions Did it pass? Why?

Minimum wage increase

Increase wage to .75 cents

Passed people wanted it - just extended a New Deal policy people already liked

External rent controls

Temporary fixed price for 1947

Passed because of housing shortage post WWII

Displaced Person’s Act

400,000 refugees allowed in

Passed due to guilt and altruism

National Housing Act 1949

810,000 new low income housing units built with Fed $

Passed – housing pressure on localities and good for veterans

Increase in social security

80% increase in benefits and 10 ½ million more eligible

Passed – continuation of popular New Deal plan

PP 14 - Truman’s Fair Deal – Jan. 5, 1949Proposal Provisions Did it pass? Why?

Aid to education

Money to improve schools

Failed – too liberal and too costly

Crop subsidies

Money to help farmers Failed – too liberal

Repeal of Taft-Hartley act

End limits on organized labor

Failed – people still anti-strikes and anti-communist

Ntnl health plan

Federal gov’t to pay doctors

Failed, too liberal - called socialist

Civil rights Anti-lynching, end poll tax, protect blacks, end disc in work

Failed – Dixiecrats and most Republicans opposed

The Vital CenterEconomic Growth

Growth in the economy due to capitalist activity will lead to employment and productivity increases which will lead to socio-economic equality, the end of class divisions, create social harmony and provide money for social programs

Gov’t action to promote economic growth in the private sector will provide money through taxes for increased social welfare spending by gov’t – operationally liberal – philosophically conservative

Foreign affairs

Interventionist internationalism to contain communism and soviet power

Wanted the troops brought home, low taxes and a focus on domestic issues but needed to keep the commies down & out.Wanted smaller gov’t but blamed Truman for losing China and Korea

Prosperity With the economy doing well every boat would rise. The people will be consensual, standard of living will rise, farmers, workers, businesses will do better and everyone will be happy.

High expectations were unmet leading to increased social, class and race tensions as well as ideological divisions

United States did not only utilize containment policies in Europe but also in Asia as well.

China, Korea, and Indochina were all seen as places where communism could spread.

Based on this map and your previous knowledge, why do you think this would be the case?

Support of Chaing Kai Shek’s (Jiang Jieshi) Government (1946-1949)

• Action/Policy: Provide monetary support for Jiang Jieshi’s nationalist government (Guomindang) over Mao’s communist party (CCP).

• Purpose/Goals: Prevent communists from taking over in China and maintain China as a strong ally

• Soviet/Communist Response: Supplied arms to the CCP, Extended diplomatic relations with Mao’s China and signed a “mutual-assistance” agreement

• Result: U.S. aid to Jiang Jieshi stopped because his government was so corrupt. In 1949 CPC won civil war and the nationalists fled to Tawain and set up the “Republic of China.” U.S. then allowed Japan to build up military forces and supported French colonialism in Indochina (Vietnam)

Korean War (1950-1953)• Action/Policy: Truman (along with UN) sent forces to attack North

Korea after they invaded South Korea (38th paralell)• Purpose/Goals: Protect UN member South Korea from North

Korean invasion (thought that the Soviet Union was the force behind attack). Prevent communism from taking over the entire Korean peninsula.However, goals changed after U.S. was so successful in early stages of war. MacArthur wanted to take the whole of the Korean peninsula and even invade China.

• Soviet/Communist Response: Chinese army, supported by Soviet tanks/aircraft, intervened in the war after U.S. helped push back North Korea nearly all the way to Manchuria (China).

• Result: Truman fired MacArthur following disagreement over philosophy in Korea. War would linger into Eisenhower’s presidency, eventually ending in a stalemate. Also led to desegregation of armed forces and expansion of presidential power

Were the policies in China and Korea a success or a failure?

Failure: “Lost” China and Failure: “Lost” China and North Korea to North Korea to communism communism

Success: Prevented loss of Success: Prevented loss of American lives, kept American lives, kept South Korea independentSouth Korea independent

Cold War Poster• Topics: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin

Airlift, NATO, Chinese Civil War, Korean War, Soviet Acquisition of the atomic bomb

• Graded on Perspective, Content, Creativity, Neatness, Group Work

• You need to take a unique perspective on the topic. For example, you could create a propaganda poster supporting an action or a protest poster decrying the action. You could even take on the perspectives of foreign nations/individuals.