Rajendra Final Report

7/28/2019 Rajendra Final Report

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Project reportOn

Evaluation of farming system socio-economic status ofvillegers of g.p. dagarwaha, blockbabina, Jhansi (u.p)

SUBMITTED TOBABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY

(A Central University), LUCKNOWFor THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREEOF

MASTER OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)IN RURAL MANAGEMENT

(2011-2013)Under the Guidance of: Submitted by:

Dr. R.K. SINHA rajendra KUMAR gadleyroll no. 4457

DEPARTMENT OF RURAL MANAGEMENTBABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY (A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)

Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareli Road Lucknow-226 025(U.P)


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BABASAHEB BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY

(A CENTRAL, UNIVERSITY)

VIDYA VIHAR, RAEBARELI ROAD, LUCKNOW-226 025

Letter No.

Date.

Dr. R.K.SinhaDepartment of Rural Management

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University(A Central University), Lucknow.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Rajendra Kumar Gadley has completed his projectwork under my supervision and guidance. The title of his project is

Evaluation of farming system&Socio-Economic Status of Villagers ofG.P.Dagarwaha Block Babina, Jhansi.

This project is his original piece of work and has not been submitted earlier

to any of the universities or institutes.

I wish him all the best for his future Endeavour.

(Dr. R.K. Sinha)

Supervisor


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI feel indeed privileged to work under the talented & inspiring guidance, valuable

suggestion, untiring supervision, conspicuous ability, unending zeal and constructive

criticism of my supervisorDr. Solanki of Department of agriculture jhansi,(U.P).

I feel indeed privileged to work under the talented & inspiring guidance, valuable

suggestion, untiring supervision, conspicuous ability, unending zeal and constructive

criticism of my Head of Department of Rural Management Dr. M. S. Khan, under the

school of management studies, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,

Lucknow (U.P)

I also wish to convey my thanks to all staff members Of Agriculture department of

Jhansi(U.P) for their painstaking efforts, selfless devotion, moral support & lending me

helping hand throughout the course of study and preparation of this manuscript.

I have no words to express about the help, affection and moral support of my Parents,

Mr. Naresh kumar gadley & Mrs. Savitri Devi gadley or their indispensable

encouragement, selfless sacrifice, sustained inspiration & invaluable assistancethroughout my life.

At least but not least, I beg the god to give me indomitable energy with which I can

work for those poor people and peasants who strive lord get food, clothing and housing

Date Name:

Place: Rajendra ku. Gadley


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe purpose of this report is to literally act as a window to the project

undertaken as a part of the summer internship with the baba sahib bhim

rao ambedkar university. Dept of rural management, Lucknow that aims to

define the breadth depth and scope of the various thinking process and

mechanic that actually synthesis the projects undertaken in evaluation of

farming system of socio economic status of villagers of gram panchayat

dagarwaha block babina, Jhansi

The objective of project that have been assigned as a part of internship is:

:-

1) Analysis based on farming theme.

2) Agro ecological situation of villagers.

3) Social economic situation of villagers.

4) Which farming system they have adopted.


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Executive summary

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of the country in terms of population and

second largest in area in the country. The reporting area of the state is 24.2

million ha, out of which cultivated area is 16.68 million ha. The gross

cropped .Area is 25.5 million ha. The cropping intensity in the state is 153

percent. Small and marginal farmers dominate farming Community.

Average size of holding is only 0.83 ha per farmer. However, the average

size of holding of marginal farmers is 0.40 hectare only. The state accounts

for 11 per cent India is net sown area and contributes more than 41.1 million

tons of food grain, which is about 20 percent of the total food grain

production of the country. The state produces 38 percent of India's Wheat,

20 percent of Paddy, 21 percent of Sugarcane, 34 \percent of Groundnut,

17.5 percent of Rapeseed, 8 percent of Fruits and 16 percent of Vegetables.

Uttar Pradesh is the largest potato producer in the country, contributing 43

per cent of the total production. The state is the largest milk producing state

of the country with an annual milk production of 11.7 million kilo litters

accounting for 16 percent of total milk production of the country. Keeping in

view of vast potential, the state has major role to play in ushering in farm

sector led economic growth of the country? Despite largest contribution to

agriculture produce of the country and achieving some improvement in the

States growth rate in the Tenth Five Year Plan, it is still lagging behind the

national average and consequently, the gap in per capita income is


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increasing with the passage of time. There is tremendous scope for further

development in every sub-sector of the agriculture sector including crops,

horticulture, animal husbandry and pissi culture. The major challenges

before the State are bridging the gap in per capita income, poverty

alleviation, improvement in human development index, improving growth in

primary sector specially agriculture and animal husbandry sub sectors. The

new initiatives like Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, National Food Security

Mission, and National Horticulture Mission are potent options for increasing

farm productivity and for putting agricultural economy on a sustained

growth path. Uttar Pradesh being the most populous state of India has a great

influence on the economic growth of the country. For achieving the desired

agriculture growth in the country, it is necessary to adopt area specific

strategies for improving the agriculture sector growth in the states like UP.


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TABLE OF CONTENT

SERIAL

NO

PARTICULAR PAGE NO

1 Acknowledgement

2 Executive summary

3 Introduction

4 Objective of study

5 State economy in relation to farming

sector

6 Annual growth during 5 year plan

7 Investment during 11th

plan

8 Plans for outlay for agriculture and

allied sector

9 Farming system

10 Targets by the end of the 11t

plan

11 Institutional credits

12 Rashtriya krishi vikas yojana(RKVY)

13 Methodology adopted for developing14 Survey and integration of base data from

panchyati raj institution ,line dept and

participatory rural appraisal (PRA)


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Follow the format as given by the department

15 Methodology for developing survey

16 Field work

17 Hosehold survey questionnaire

18 Rural and agriculture development

scheme in india

19 Refrence

20 Bibliography


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CHAPTER-01


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INTRODUCTION

The word agriculture comes from the Latin words ager referring to the soil

and culture to its cultivation. Agriculture in its widest sense can be define

as the cultivation and production of crop plants livestock produce . it is

synonymous with farming : the field or field dependent production food

,fodder and industrial organic materials. Indian economy is predominately

rural in character and is still dominated by the agriculture sector, which

accounts for nearly one-fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP) and

employs close to two-third of the labor force. Despite respectable GDP

growth rates (around 5 per cent a y ear), India has unemployment rate of

about 15 per cent. Looking into the grim situation of employment in the

country in general and agriculture sector in particular, there is urgent need to

give emphasis to generate avenues for creating more jobs in this sector.

Agriculture in India is constitutionally a state subject and central

governments role is restricted to formulating policy guidelines and

providing financial resources for the sector. Government of India has

accorded high priority to the development of agriculture for increasing the

agricultural production to sustain the food supply for the growing

population. In spite of rapid development of on-agriculture sectors, farming

continues to be critical for meeting the livelihood needs of a vast majority of

small, marginal and tribal farmers. The new technologies have not filtered

down amongst farmers to the desired extent. Although during the past ten

years lot of efforts have been made to improve agriculture sector by


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introducing different schemes, yet the outcome has not been reflected to the

desired level in the national agricultural production, productivity, income

and equity indicators. This indicates some deficiencies in the

implementation process of these programmes and therefore calls for

improvement in implementation strategy. This also calls for a coordinated

planning and prioritization to explore the maximum benefit of the

development programmes. The Rashtrya Krishi Vikas Yojna is the right kind

of approach to supplement available resources for the potential development

of specific production activities and to take upadditionalactivities best suited

to the specific agro-climatic and social conditions of different districts to

make best use of the available resources for improving the growth of

agriculture sector through overall district planning concept.


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Realization of the potential benefits of alley farming will depend on the speed

and completeness of the adoption and diffusion of the system among

potential users. Diffusion and adoption refer to two distinct processes. The

diffusion of an innovation means the total process by which an innovation

spreads out among farmers until a large number of them have adopted it.

Adoption concerns the behavior of individuals in relation to the use of

technology, more particularly their reasons for taking up use of the

technology at a point in time. Understanding and improving the prospects for

diffusion and adoption of alley farming depend upon effective socio-

economic assessment.

This unit describes the way in which the social sciences contribute to the

testing and development of alley farming. It presents the farming system as

an appropriate framework for socio-economic assessment of alley farming.

Finally, it discusses the major socio-economic issues affecting the diffusion

and adoption of the technology.

reas of Effectiveness

The particular areas in which social science can be effective are:

1. Involvement of farmers, households, and communities as

effective participants in the design, evaluation, and extension of alley

farming systems.


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2. Definition of recommendation domains based on (a) household

considerations such as need assessment, gender and age

responsibilities, household/community relationships, and (b) socio-

economic factors such as market prices of inputs, labor supply and

demand, and regional development priorities.

3. Integrated analysis of biophysical and socio-economic indicators

with respect to (a) the existing production systems and (b) the proposed

alley farming systems;

4. Identification and analysis of social constraints to wide-scale

adoption of alley farming;

5. Design of appropriate strategies for community organization and

mobilization of resources to promote the technology.

6. Determination of the socio-economic impacts of technology

innovations, and analysis of their implications for further research.

This list shows that socio-economic assessment can play a role in every stage

of an alley farming research project. Researchers should avoid the traditional

practice, in which socio-economic assessment occurs only in the first and the

final stages of technology development (Figure 6-1).

Ideally, socio-economic assessment will be carried out as part of an

multidisciplinary research effort. There could be three to five members on the

research team, including at least one social scientist. Their first joint


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assignment would be to conduct a survey at the village level. This exercise

teaches the team to work together and to understand farmers' perspectives

The Farming System

Any agroforestry technology - and alley farming is no exception - is a means

for farmers to achieve their goals and objectives. Thus, to design and evaluate

appropriate technologies, it is indispensable to understand the environment in

which farmers exist and make decisions. Farmers are part of a social milieu

which influences their behavior, aspirations, and decision-making processes.

Therefore, effective development and implementation of a new technology

require a sound understanding not only of the biological systems involved but

also of the human systems.

The appropriate unit of analysis for alley farming technology is the farming

system (Figure 6-2). A farming system comprises sub-systems of household,

agricultural production, and other on-farm and off-farm activities. Within the

household, there is the household head, whether male or female (implicitly

referred to as the farmer, the beneficiary of technology), as well as the other

members of the immediate or extended family. The household system

provides purpose and organization to the multiple activities, specifically in

decisions related to establishing priorities, allocating resources, implementing

activities, utilizing and distributing outputs, and assessing the overall

performance of the farming system. Furthermore, it is the household which


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organizes and manages all relationships of the farming system with the

external environment


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CHAPTER-02

FARMING SYSTEMS:-

Jhansiis a tribal state of India. It is located between 17046' to 2406' N and

80015' to 84

051' E. The state has diversified agroclimatic zones viz. plains,

plateau and hills. Types of natural vegetation, crops and resources available

with the tribals varied to a great extent. Similarly, size and population of

livestock inhabited in the different agroclimatic zones also varied largely.

This study was conducted in the Jhansi Plains having average rainfall of1024mm. The staple food of tribals are mainly rice, rice byproducts, corn

grains, Wheat sorghum, kodo millet and finger millet are the main feed

ingredient produced during mansoon. Oil cakes, Sunflower (Helianthus sp.)

and pulses (Lakhdi (Lathyrus sp.), Soyabean are the feed ingredients mainly

included in the ration of livestock. Rice straw, pulse straw and locally

available green grasses served as the source of roughage for livestockfeeding. Farmers did not supplement vitamins and minerals in the diet of

livestock. Animals are small sized and low producer (2 to 3 kg milk),

bullocks are used for draft purpose and dung as a source of fuel for cooking

their meals and manure to fertilize soil. The average family size is 5. Besides


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crop farming which is mainly for 4 months in a year, tribals are survived with

livestock-poultry-duck-fish or with their subsidiary occupations (basket

making, bee keeping etc.). The farming being followed by the tribals is very

unscientific and income generated through such farming is hardly sufficient

to meet out their livelihood. However, using the existing resources the

farming system can be made viable, sustainable and income generating with

great opportunities of employment potential. Since this area is dominated by

the small holding tribals, different modules have been structured to utilize

and recycle the available resources to level out their socio-economic status.

Jhansistate is mainly a mono-cropped state with rice (Oryza Sativa) being the

main crop cultivated in 3/5th

of total area during Kharif season. More than 80

per cent of the population is dependent upon agriculture for its livelihood.

Due to mono-crop cultivation, this portion of the population remained

unemployed during eight months of the year. Because of limited irrigation

facility, it makes the farmers vulnerable to drought, which threatens the

harvest of paddy.

The concept of man - land - livestock ecosystem is gaining momentum to

maximize food production and to elevate economic status of the farmers by

multifarious farm activities particularly by incorporating livestock

enterprises.

For human need, the livestock provides food, fiber, skin, traction, fertilizer

and fuel. Livestock also constitutes "living bank" providing flexible financial


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reserve in times of emergency and serve as "insurance" against crop failure

for survival.

Farmers keep cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats including small numbers ofpoultry in backyard to meet their domestic needs. Therefore, livestock

became an integral part of farming system as such. Other agricultural

components like horticulture, plantation, vegetables, sericulture, agro-forestry

are also prevalent in the homesteads. These units are operated either alone or

in combination depending upon the size of the farm holdings and other

available resources.

In this system, animals are raised on agricultural waste. The animal power is

used for agricultural operation and the dung is used as manure and fuel. It

may be possible to reach the some level of yield with proportionately less

input in the integrated farming and the yield would be inherently more

sustainable because the waste of one enterprise becomes the input of another

leaving almost no waste to pollute the environment or to degrade the resource

base. To put this concept into practice efficiently, it is necessary to study

linkage and complementary of different enterprises will help to develop

integrated farming system in which the waste of one enterprise is more

efficiently used as input to another within the system

An attempt was made to prepare a schematic model representing the various

combinations of the mixed farming system based on the present study

(Figure 2)


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Mixed farming of 2 bullocks + 1 cow + 1 buffaloes + 10 goats + 10 poultry

+ 10 ducks gave a net return of Rs 33076 compared to Rs 7843 from arable

farming.

Singh (1994) reported that 1ha canal irrigated land gave net return ranging

from Rs 14000 to Rs 32700 in different years in mixed farming with 3

crossbred cows. Where as, it was observed to be ranging from negative to Rs

19700 in mixed farming with 3 buffaloes. Comparative figures for arable

farming were between Rs 3300 and Rs 12400 (Singh 1994).


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Madhava Swamy (1985) observed that the net returns were higher by Rs

620, 5198 and 1598 in diversified farms of farming, poultry and sheep

rearing, respectively over the crop enterprise farm in Karnool district of

Andhra Pradesh. Singh (1994) compared three types of farming system and

found that the mixed farming with 3 cross bred cows gave the highest net

return of about Rs 21,000 and also generated highest mandays of

employment.

Agriculture is still considered the major sector providing employment in

India (Singh 1994). However, the small and marginal farmer families andagricultural laborers have to face employment and under employment due to

seasonal work in crop production (Swaminathan 1981) and also due to the

natural calamities occurring at one or the other seasons of the year. In this

study too, the mixed farming system suggested better means for providing

regular employment to these sections of rural mass in tribal area. The study

revealed that employment potential of mixed farming system was higher

than arable farming. In a mixed farming system of 1.5 acre land, the

employment generation was 316 mandays with almost uniform distribution

throughout the year compared to 165 mandays in arable farming with more

labour employment only during July-August period of agriculture

operations.

Ramrao et al (2005) developed a mixed farming (crop-livestock) module of

1.5 acre small scale holders with the employment generation of 571

mandays, net income of Rs. 58456 per year against crop farming alone with


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employment generation of 385 mandays and net returns of Rs. 18300 per

year only.

The conservation of ecosystem and recycling of energy and mineral matterin soil-plant-animal/human- atmosphere have been followed by Singh

(1994). The recycling of precious organic manurial wastes (energy/mineral

matter) might have been responsible for conserving ecosystem and thus

increasing the fertility of soil and keeping the environment free from

pollution hazards. In view of the pressure of population on land there is no

alternative to meet the demand for food and other agricultural raw materialsexcept through increase in agriculture- animal production per unit land per

unit time on one hand and concern of humanity regarding pollution and

environment on other.

Good amount of feed for animals was also available from the system itself.

The farmyard manure available from the animal was used for manuring of

crops and 30-35% savings in fertilizer use could be affected in mixed farming

system


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Cropping pattern

i observed that wheat, jowar, soybean and bajra other around 20 per cent the

cultivated area in the G.P. DAGARWAHA,Block-Babina District Jhansi

followed by cereals which accounted for around 60 percent of the cropped

area. While horticultural crops occupied around 10per cent of the cropped

area, pulses occupied around 10 per cent. With regard to the study G.P.

DAGARWAHA, Block-Babina District Jhansi accounted for around 60 per

cent of the area under cereals in the district. While G.P.

DAGARWAHA,Block-Babina District Jhansi accounted for around 20per

cent in respect of pulses, the share of District Jhansi in the total cropped area


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Correction is required in English, sentence formation.

Productivity of Cereal Crops, 2011-12

Productivity of Pulses in 2011-12


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Poultry

Animal Census had estimated the total poultry broilers and poultry layers in

Uttar Pradesh at 32.32 lakh and 41.09 lakh respectively. The state of UP

ranks at 8 in total egg production in the country. About 80% eggs come from

private commercial poultry farms and the rest comes from backyard poultry.

The per capital per annum production of eggs and meat in UP are estimated

at 5 eggs and 100 gm meat respectively whereas per capital consumption of

these two items in the state is estimated at 18 eggs and 300 gm meat

respectively. To meet this gap, about 40 lakh eggs and 2.20 lakh broilers are

imported from the neigh boring states. The large gap in per capita

consumption and per capita production of eggs and poultry meat indicates

that there exists a huge potential to grow in the State of Uttar Pradesh.


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Animal Husbandry

As per the livestock census of 2003 the total population of cattle, buffalo,

sheep and goat in the region was 10.18 million heads and poultry and pig

population accounted for another 1.21 million heads.

Further analysis of cattle population reveals that crossbred cattle accounts

for a negligible 0.5% as against the national average of about 15%,

indicative of low priority accorded to cross breeding programme in the

region. Only the districts of Mahoba, Jalaun Jhansi and Lalitpur in UP. By

and large, non-descript indigenous cattle of very low productivity accounts

for rest of cattle population. Buffaloes and goats are equally distributed in

the region. Goats are sold regularly in local haats after 8-9 months of age

and ensure income periodically to cope up with exigencies. Sheep

population accounts for hardly 3% of the total population. A modern plant

for processing of meat, milk and other by-products should be an urgency to

add value to the products in Jhansi.


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Dairy Development

Dairy production is an important component in the entire region with greater

focus on buffalo rearing for milk over cattle rearing. This is also

corroborated by the last two livestock census data indicating increase 105 in

buffalo population and decrease in cattle population. Cattle population in the

Jhansi is characterized by higher number of unproductive animals with only

18 % of cattle in the category of milch animals whereas 33 % of the

buffaloes are in milk indicating the preference of farmers for rearing

buffaloes for milk production if fodder and feed supply is assured. Dairy

entrepreneurship(Jhansi dairy) has been able to provide daily income and

provide security to farmers. The animal holding is dependent on size of land

holding of farmers and their economic status. However, by and large even

the landless and small farmers are also maintaining at least one cow/ buffalo

as an ensured source of income and asset. However, no concerted effort has

been made for development of dairy sector in terms of breed improvement,

establishment of a comprehensive milk collection network system, feed and

fodder production and providing effective input delivery mechanism. There

exists a considerable scope for further development of this subsistence

component of dairy sector in whole of Bundelkhand region.


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Vermi Compost Unit

Vermicomposting is a method of preparing enriched compost with the use of

Earthworms. It is one of the easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastesand to produce quality compost. Earthworms consume biomass and excrete

it in digested form called worm casts. Worm casts are popularly called as

Black gold.

Advantages

There are many advantages of Vermicomposting:

It provides efficient conversion of organic wastes/crop/animal residues.

It is a stable and enriched soil conditioner.

It helps in reducing the toxicity of heavy metals.

It is economically viable and environmentally safe nutrient supplement for

Organic food production.


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MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

Locally available

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS

Locally available

Benefit

During my study I visit a Vermicompost unit in the village Ganeshgarh

and meet Mr. Veer Singh rajput(unit holder ) he know about the benifits of

Vermicomposting .it is a highly profitable venture for farmers having dairyunits. The approximate cost Rs.10/kg and benefit under different of

production in farming.


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Horticulture

Horticulture can generate employment at all stages from nursery raising,

planting, harvesting, packing and retailing. Traditionally ber, amla, karonda,

fruit, phalsa, bael and citrus growing on the private and forest lands are very

common. These species of land races should be included in the afforestation

programme of the forest department and at least 20% of the species should

be fruit yielding. However intensification and diversification to other fruit,

improved varieties, cultivars and root stock can enhance income of Jhansi.

There are many land races and sufficient variability to exploit. Bundelkhand

is also known for the cultivation of chillies, tomatoes, onion, brinjal,

potatoes and marigold flowers. There is a scope of enhancing their

productivity and marketing in farmers of jhansi.


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Rain fall Scenario 2010

Rainfall in mm Normal Actual %

June to 14th

Sept. 734.5 606.5 82.6

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

June July August September

95

280.9275.6

83

20.3

239.4233.8

113

21.3

85.284.8

136

Normal

Actual

Percent


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Assessment of Production: Kharif 2010

S

N

Crops Kharif 2009 Kharif 10

Productio

n

Productivit

y

Productio

n

Productivit

y

Lakh M.T. Qtl/ha. Lakh M.T. Qtl/ha

1 Rice 107.61 20.81 118.03 21.02

2 Maize 10.20 14.57 10.61 14.05

3 Jowar 1.90 8.88 1.84 9.58

4 Bajra 13.89 16.36 13.91 15.35

5 Millets 0.04 5.09 0.04 6.11

6 Urd 2.26 4.06 1.99 4.75

7 Moong 0.30 4.41 0.10 2.80

8 Arhar - - 2.85 8.37

Foodgrain 136.20 17.67 149.37 18.06

9 Oilsee

d

1.18 2.69 1.05 3.31


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TARGET : RABI 2010-11

CropsArea

(Lac ha.)

Production

(Lac MT.)

Area

(Lac

ha.)

Production

(Lac MT.)

Wheat 96.68 275.18 94.00 309.21

Barley 1.71 3.62 2.02 4.46

Maize 0.05 0.14 0.06 0.21

Cereals 98.44 278.94 96.08 313.88

Pulses 15.22 15.87 17.91 27.46

Food Grains 113.66 294.81 113.99 341.34

Oil Seeds 6.48 6.98 6.06 8.40

Total 120.14 301.79 120.05 349.74

12.37% Proposed increase in Wheat Production

15.78% Proposed increase in Food Grain Production

17.67% Proposed increase in Pulse coverage


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Productivity Targets of Rabi 10-11

Crops Productivity

Achieved

Targeted

Productivity

2008-09 2009-

10

2010-11

Wheat 30.02 28.46 32.89

Barley 21.88 21.17 22.00

Rabi Maize 26.25 28.00 35.00

Gram 10.13 8.24 10.77

Pea 12.07 12.82 15.86

Masur 8.83 8.04 9.83

Arhar 9.14 6.62 14.63

Rapseed/mustard 11.23 11.14 14.50

Linseed 4.50 4.29 4.68


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Seed

CropsRabi

2009-10

Rabi

2010-11

Increase

%

Rabi

2009-10

Rabi

2010-11

Wheat 3608096 4000000 10.86 37.32 43.43

Barley 60500 64000 5.79 35.38 29.77

Rabi Maize 4243 6210 46.36 35.35 51.96

Gram 152593 157500 3.22 30.86 28.00

Pea 114599 124500 8.64 45.91 30.00

Lentil 50417 51600 2.35 18.91 33.02

Rai / Sarson 20491 21000 2.48 66.85 73.68

Toria 12845 12000 -6.58 91.75 100

Linseed 2001 2800 39.93 19.42 28

Total 4025785 4439610 10.28 37.92 41.81

Raising Seed Replacement Rate from 37.92 % to 41.81% .

4.13 lakh qtl additional seeds being distributed.

Sufficient seed availability ensured.

Write the source from which you have taken the data, at the end of every

table. Also mention, as title, with reference to place etc.


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CHAPTER-03


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Research Methodology

. It is a way to systematically solve the research problem. In it we study the

various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his

research problem along with the logic behind them.

It include the research methods/techniques as well as its methodology.

Thus when we talk of research methodology we not only talk of research

methods but also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the

context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular

methods or techniques and why we are not using others. So that research

results are capable of being evaluated either by research himself or by

others.

The method of the research used here is descriptive. Descriptive research

includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kinds.

It is used to portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual,

situation or a group.

This research include survey and fact finding enquiries of different kind.

Basic purpose of this type of research is that it describes the Jhansi of affairs

in current scenario. It is being generally used in social science and business

research. This study is also termed as ex post facto Main characteristic of

method are that research has no control over the variables he can only report

what happening.


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Here in descriptive research we have prepared questionnaire and done

surveys of different individuals

COLLECTION OF DATA

In dealing with any real life problem, it is often found that data at hand are

inadequate and hence, it becomes necessary to collect data that are

appropriate.

The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined

and research design has been formulated.

There are several ways of collecting the appropriate data which differ

considerably in the context of monetary cost, time and other resources, so it

becomes necessary to collect data in a manner which is appropriate.

While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study,

the researcher should keep in mind two types of data viz.

Primary

Secondary

Primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time and

thus happen to be original in character.

The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone

else which have already been passed through statistical process.


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Data Sources

Primary data collection involved distributors, retailers.

Research Approaches : Survey

Research Instrument : Interview

Sampling Plan

Research Design : Exploratory

Sampling Unit : Retailers

Sampling size : 100 (Size of the Universe?)

Sampling Areas : gram panchayat dagarwaha block-babina

Jhansi

Sampling Techniques : Simple Random sampling

Contact Method : Personal Interview

In interview schedule I used multiple choice question and

ranking system questions.

What was your method of sampling, also the sample size as % of the

universe.


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FORMAL INFORMATION SOURCES

These are the source of information which are authentic and reliable,

obtained though proper channel in the organization by adhering to a

systematic and structured procedure.

For example

Through company manuals, journal and other published

material like balanced sheet, annuals report etc. Questionnaire

Personal interview and mails.

Through the company person.

INFORMAL INFORMATION SOURCES

These are the sources of information which are obtained through our

interpersonal relationship with the employees of agriculture department of

Jhansi.

For example

Employees of same department.

External persons.

Primary data


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Along with the primary data obtained through use of questionnaire. I have

used secondary data from various sources like financial websites, business

magazines, newspapers, journals etc

ANALYSIS OF DATA

The data after collection has to be processed and analyzed in accordance

with the outline laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the

research plan.

Here the data I have collected through survey it needs editing, coding,

classifying and tabulation.

There are many steps involved in processing and analyses of data. These are

as follows:

1. Totaling of all the survey conducted for temporary,

permanent and staff employee separately.

2. Calculating the number of employees giving the same

answers for the question having different options available

for questions

3. Calculating the percentage of each question having

different answers provided by different employees.

4.Now prepare the pie chart for these questions for the all

questions included in survey having multiple choice

questions separately.


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DATA ANALYSIS OF AREA:RAMGARH,DEVGARH, GANESHGARH


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DATA ANALYSIS

1)House condition

S.No. Topic Percentage (%)

1 KACHA MITHI KA

MAKAN

80

2 PAKKA MAKAN 10

3 INDIRA AWAS 3

4 NO HOUSE 2

5 OTHERS 5

80%

10%

3% 2% 5%

KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN

PAKKA MAKAN

INDIRA AWAS

NO HOUSE

OTHERS


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Facilities :

S.No. Topic Percentage

1 ELECTRICITY 50

2 CYCLE 30

3 TRACTOR 20

50%

30%

20%

ELECTRICITY CYCLE TRACTOR


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2)Fuel used in cooking:


1 WOODEN COAL 50

2 COOKING GAS 20

3 KEROSINE OIL 30

This table tells what? & graph is not correct. You must tell the place

from which this data is.

50%

20%

30%

WOODEN COAL COOKING GAS KEROSINE OIL


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3)Source of water:


1 TUBEWELLS 30

2 HANDPUMPS 10

3 WELL (KUAN) 60

30%

10%

60%

TUBEWELLS HANDPUMPS KUAN


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4)Availability of card in family :

S.No. CARD Percentage (%)

1 BPL 20

2 APL 80

If 80% of the village is in the category of APL then I think you must review

your tables on facilities and fuels.

20%

80%

BPL CARD APL CARD


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6. Availability of card in farming family:


1 NREGA CARD 10

2 KISAN CREDIT

CARD

70

3 SMART CARD 10

4 BANK ACCOUNT 10

10%

70%

10%

10%

NREGA CARD KISAN CREDIT CARD SMART CARD BANK ACCOUNT


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5)Source of income per year:

S. No. Topic Percentage (%)

1 FARMING 90

2 INCOME FROM

CATTLE

5

3 GARDENING 5

90%

5%

5%

FARMING INCOME FROM CATTLE GARDNING


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6)Number of cattle in family:


1 COW 20

2 OX 5

3 BUFFALO 45

4 GOAT 30

20%

5%

45%

30%

COW OX BUFFALO GOAT


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8)Purpose of loan:


1 HOUSEHOLD 5

2 FARMING

PURPOSE

70

3 HOUSE WORK 10

4 MARRIAGE

PURPOSE

15

5%

70%

10%

15%

HOUSEHOLD FARMING PURPOSE HOUSE WORK MARRIAGE PURPOSE


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9)Loan in case of Govt. Scheme :


1 KCC 80

2 SMART CARD 15

3 KHADI

GRAMODYOG

5

80%

15%5%

KCC SMART CARD KHADI GRAMODYOG


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10) Availability of irrigation facility :


1 WELL 80

2 RAINING WATER 5

3 DAM 5

4 RIVER 10

80%

5%

5%10%

WELL RAINING WATER DAM RIVER


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11) Types of land :


1 SINCHIT 90

2 A SINCHIT 5

3 PARTI/FALLOW

LAND AREA

3

4 HORTICULTURE 2

90%

5% 3% 2%

SINCHIT A SINCHIT PARTI/FALLOW LAND AREA HORTICULTURE


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FINDINGS

Following are the findings which are given below :

70% respondents said KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN in House

condition

60% respondents said WOODEN COAL Fuel used in cooking.

60% respondents said WELL is source of water.

80% respondents said APL CARD is Availability of card in family

70% respondents said KISAN CREDIT CARD availability of card in

farming family


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SUGGESTIONS

These are follows.

The agriculture department should provide the feedback forms to get

the response of the products.

Before the launch an aggressive advertising must be carried out in order

to inform the customer about the new product.

Continuous innovation in production process and services too are

recommended to get the competitive edge. Agriculture department should disclose own financial budget.

Agriculture department can do better utilization of their resources.

Agriculture department must adopt the better pricing policy for healthy

competition with the existing competitors.

Agriculture department should provide at least one holiday in a week

for group C&D employees.

Agriculture department should be kept separate per unit budget of their

plant.

To expand the market in a rural area


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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The research is confined to a certain parts of AGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT, JHANSI, UTTAR PRADESH and does not

necessarily shows a pattern applicable to all of village

ramgarh,devgarh,ganeshgarh Some respondents were reluctant to

divulge personal information which can affect the validity of all

responses.

. In a rapidly changing industry, analysis on one day or in one segment

can change very quickly. The environmental changes are vital to be

considered in order to assimilate the findings.

The opinion expressed by the respondents may be biased. The attitude

of the research might be biased. Another limitation is that there is lack

of time. If more time is given then studies will be more effective.


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CONCLUSION

Recently I study in this given study that the people of rural villages of

block babina Jhansi spend more time on field working. Farmers are facing

lot of problem in farming related with cultivation. govt are providing lots

of policies but the villagers are not aware of such policies that is why they

are unable to take benefits . by evaluation and sample survey the village

should be conduct as a asset outcome. the Farmers have little source of

irrigation and the manage such problem by taking irrigation water on rent.

in my survey the I have seen that govt. has provided lots of farming land

on lease but sc peoples of these village are landless and they survive by

doing work on others land. many people of this village are illiterate or

have very little literacy level that is why many people are unable to take

benefits of govt. polices. Correct the sentence formation.

From the study it is concluded that integrated farming system with 2

bullocks + 1 cow + 1 buffaloes + 10 goats along with other subsidiaries

like poultry and duck is the most beneficial system which can augment

the income of tribals to improve their socio-economic status.

More emphasis is still required to generate a generalized model suited

to various farm size holdings in different agro climatic conditions.

Migration is very disruptive and can lead to children being removed from

their school and the family losing is easy access to health and food support

services .also the migration can be very painful as the level of housing is


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very poor and often basic sanitary facilities such as toilet are not available

to migrant in urban areas


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REFERENCES

1) www.agriculture.up.nic.in

2) Information from ministry of agriculture development

3) Ministry of agro and rural industries

4) five years plans

6)www.cabi.publishing.org

7) The Hindu agriculture magazine

8) yojana magazine
http://www.cabi.publishing.org/http://www.cabi.publishing.org/


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ANNEXURE


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QUESITONNAIRE

Jhansi district

Blockbabina

Village-ganeshgarh, ramgarh, devgarh

Gram-panchyat-dagarwaha

For the field work i went to the villages of Jhansi district to make

report on household survey. I served following villages ganeshgarh,

devgarh, ramgarh competed my PRA. I visited the site village where

work is going on and I reached to one solution which made this project

stronger and meaningful.

Outcome of the field survey in the form of

1)Evaluation of the farming system

2)Joint working of the agriculture and ministry of rural development

3)Social and economical status survey used the sampling method


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GRAM PANCHAYAT DAGARWAHA VIKASKHAND BABINA

JHANSI U.P

Serial

no

population total male female child

1 Ganeshgarh 1181 309 254 618

2 Ramgarh 710 207 133 370

3 Devgarh 403 97 86 220

4 Total 2294 613 473 1208

CASTE WISE POPULATION

SERIAL

NO

VILLAGE

NAME

SC OBC GENERAL TOTAL

1 GANESHGARH 15 1163 3 1181

2 RAMGARH 130 565 15 710

3 DEVGARH 50 353 NIL 403


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CULTIVATION WISE FARMERS FAMILY DETAILS

S.No. LANDHOLDIN

G

GANES

HGARH

RAM

GARH

DEV

GAR

H

Total

1 MINOR (0-1)hac 188 130 70 388

2 SMALL(1-2)hac 100 77 22 199

3 MIDDLE(2-4)hac 20 Nil 5 25

4 LARGE above 4

hac

2 nil nil 2

SC family have neither owned land neither leasehold landform

farming in these village


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HOUSEHOLD SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE-II

Name of Gram Panchayat dagarwaha Village ganeshgarh

Name of Vikaskhand babina Tehsil Jhansi

FAMILY DETAIL:

Name Sri

kripraram

Father

name

Lt .Shri

ajuude

Caste Lodhi

Village Ganeshgarh Block Babina Tehsil Jhansi

District jhansi

S.

No.

Name sex ag

e

Relat

ion to

karta

Educti

on

sch

ool

Primar

y

occupat

ion

Handic

aped

1 Kriparam M 65 Self 3rd

pass

NO FARMI

NG

X

2 Nathuram M 30 Son B.A NO FARMI

NG

X

3 Sumitra F 63 Wife NIL NO FARMI

NG

X

4 Shima F 28 Daug

hter

in

NIL NO FARMI

NG

X


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law

5 Abhinav M 6 Neph

ew

NIL YE

S

FARMI

NG

X

6 Manoj M 28 Son B.A NO SIKSH

AMITR

A

X

7 Saroj F 27 Daug

hter

in

law

8TH

NO FARMI

NG

X

8 Abhav ku M 7 Neph

ew

1 YE

S

FARMI

NG

X

9 Prachi F 3 Nice NILL NO FARMI

NG

X

1) House condition : KACHA MITHI KA MAKAN

2) Facilities : Electricity, Cycle, Tractor

3) Fuel used in cooking : Wooden Coal, Cooking Gas

4) Source of water : Tubewells , Handpumps

5) Availablity of card in family : Bpl Card, Ration Card

6) Source of income per year : Farming ,Income From Cattle,

Gardening

7) No. of cattle in family : 2 COW, 2 OX, 3 BAOFALLO,

HEN


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8) Savings : Rs. 10000 IN BANK

9) Lendor : FROM RELATIVES,NGO,BANK

10) Interest rate of loan : 9%

11) Purpose of loan : Household & Farming Purpose,

Marriage

12) Loan in case of Govt. Scheme: KCC,SMARTCARD

13) Available land in Hectare : 3 Hectare

14) Availability of irrigation facility : Well

15) Types of land : Sinchit

Type of

land

Owned Leased Lease/freehold partnership Total

Sinchit

area

3

HECT

X 1 HECT X 4

HECT

Asinchit

area

1

HECT

X X X X

Falo

land

area

X X X X X

16) No of period available for irrigation:JULY-APRIL LAST

17) source of drinking water :WELL


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Name of crop Sowed

area

Sinchit/asinch

it

Production/he

ct.

Capit

al

KHARIF:-

MUNGFALI

3 HECT YES 30 TON 25000

RABI:-

WHEET,CHAN

A

3.5HEC

T

YES 70 TON 30000

JAYED:-

CHARA

.5

HECT

YES 20 TON 5000

18) Available farming machines :THRESSAR,WEEDER

MACHINE,ENGINE TRACTOR TROLLY

You were asked to put forward the format of the schedule/questionnaire

and not the one which you discussed.

How all this information justify your topic Evaluation of farmingsystem socio-economic status of villegers of g.p.dagarwaha, blockbabina, Jhansi (u.p)

Do something on this aspect.

Documents

Rajendra Final Report