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Chapter 6

Realationships II

What You Have Learned

Chapter 5 presented two different transitions. Addition

– Show additional information is being added– Can be in any order– Clue words -

Time– The time frame when something happens– MUST STAY IN THE ORDER– Clue words -

Other Types of Relationships

Illustration words indicate the author will provide you with one or more examples to develop and clarify a given idea.

Example: Some common beliefs about the United States are really myths. For example, Betsy Ross did not design the American Flag.

Illustration Words

Illustration words: (p 216)

(for) example including one (for) instance specifically once such as to be specific to illustrate (as an illustration)

Practice 1 p. 216 Use these words to answer.

Definition and Example Pattern

Sometimes authors use the definition and example pattern of organization to do just what its name suggests: give a definition and then give examples that show what it is about.

Look for words that are boldface print and may be followed by an example.

Practice 2 page 219.

Comparison

What to you do when you compare two things? Look for likenesses and similarities. Authors use this to show that a second idea is like

the first one in some way. Example: For many people, the first day on a

new job is a scary experience. Similarly, the first class in college can be a frightening experience.

Comparison Words

Box on page 220 show these: (just) as both in like fashion (just) like equal(ly) in like manner alike resemble similar(ly) same likewise similarity (in) common in a similar fashion in a similar manner (in) the same way Use these words on Practice 3 - p 221

Contrast

What happens when you contrast two things?

You look for the differences!

Alberto was angry when he didn’t get a raise. His wife, however, took the news calmly.

Contrast Words

List on page 222 But instead (of) in contrast However even though difference Yet as opposed to differ (from) Although on the other hand yet While nevertheless despite Still rather than converse(ly) Opposite different(ly) in spite of on the contrary Use these words for Practice 4 p 222/3

Compare/Contrast Patterns

These patterns show how two things are alike or how they are different, or both.

Compare: look for similarities. Contrast: look for differences.

Practice 5 p 225

Cause and Effect

Cause and effect words signal that the author is explaining the reasons why something happened OR the results of something happening.

Example: The baby refused to eat her breakfast. As a result, I was in a bad mood all morning.

Cause and Effect Words

These words signal that the author is discussing one or more reasons or results.

Therefore because (of) (as a) result Effect owing to reason Results in thus since cause Explanation consequently if…then Due to so affect as a consequence

Practice

Complete practice 6 using these words.

Cause and Effect Pattern

Cause and effect transitions often signal the cause and effect pattern of organization.

Addresses “Why does a behavior or event happen?”

What are the results of a behavior or event?”

Authors tell what happened and why.

Practice 7 Main Idea and Patterns of Organization

Recognizing the main idea AND the pattern of organization that may be implied by a main idea, are both helpful steps in understanding the material in the paragraph.

Final Practice & Review

Practice 8 – p 231

There are 3 different kinds of relationships presented in this chapter.

What are they?

Definition/Example

Comparison/Contrast

Cause and Effect Other two? Time Addition