Reconstruction

January 20, 2015

After the war…

• When the Civil War ended in _____, many soldiers on both sides went home to drastic changes

• In the _____, many men had died or were captured and had not returned

• In the south, the _________ was devastated, the money ________, and many men were either dead or missing

Standard: SS8H6

The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.

a. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, debate over secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens

Civil War Prisons - Andersonville

• During the war, those who weren’t killed in battle were often taken _________ by the other side

• A notorious prison that housed Union soldiers was in _______________

• There was not enough ______________________ for all the prisoners housed there

• After the war, the director of the prison was executed for ________________

• The federal government made the site of the prison a _________________ where 13,700 Union soldiers are buried

Putting the country back together…

• During the closing days of the Civil War, President Lincoln had developed a _____ to ________ the South and ________ seceded states to the union as quickly as possible

• This process was known as _______________• There were 3 major Reconstruction plans

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

• Lincoln’s plan had ___ major steps:– First: ___ southerners, except for high-ranking

Confederate leaders, would be ___________ after taking an oath of ____________ to the United States

– Second: when _____ of the voters in each state had taken that oath, the state would be permitted to form a legal ___________ and ______ the Union

Congressional Reconstruction Plan

• Unfortunately, Lincoln was _______________ before his plan went into effect

• Many members of ____________ felt that the South should be __________ for starting the war

• They felt like the South should be treated like a __________ country

• Congress pushed the new president, _____________________, to enact ________ measures against the South

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

• At first, Johnson’s plan was not that much _________ than Lincoln’s– He expanded the list of people who would not receive a general

pardon• However, he soon bowed to Congressional pressure and

added more requirements for the South to rejoin the Union– Southern states had to first approve the ___________________– They also had to ________ their ordinances of __________– They also must promise not to repay those that financed the

Confederate war effort

13th Amendment

• During and after the war, ___ new amendments were added to the U.S. Constitution – The ___________________ Amendments are known

as the ________________ Amendments

• The _____ Amendment officially abolished _________ in the U.S.

• It was passed in January 1865 • Southern states had to ________ (approve) this

amendment before being allowed __________ into the Union

14th Amendment

• This amendment granted _____________ to ___________ and forbade any state from denying anyone _____________________– It was passed in 1866 and ratified in 1868

• It was passed in response to _______________, which were laws that had been passed in many southern states in 1865 that _________ the _______ of freedmen

15th Amendment

• The ____ Amendment granted all ____________ the right to _____ regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

• It was passed in 1869, and ratified in 1870

Black Legislators

• In _____, African-Americans _______ for the first time in Georgia

• ____ African-Americans were elected to the Georgia house and ____ were elected as Georgia senators

• _________________ was one of the black men elected to the Georgia senate

• However, in 1868, all were ___________ on the grounds that even though the Constitution gave them the right to vote, it did not give them the right to hold ______________

Freedom for slaves

• With the end of the war, slaves were ______ in the South

• They faced huge ___________– Most were __________, __________, and

had little more than the clothes on their back• In an effort to _____ the newly freed

slaves, the US government established the _______________________ in 1865

Freedmen’s Bureau

• The official title is the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands

• At first, the purpose was to _____ both _______________ and _______________ cope by offering them clothing, food, and other necessities

• After a while, the focus __________ to only helping the ________________ adjust to their new lives

• An important focus was ___________– The Bureau established primary schools, industrial

schools, and teacher-training schools

A struggling economy

• With the freedom of the slaves, farmers and planters needed people to _____ their land

• There were many former slaves and landless whites that needed jobs

• There were ___ options available: ________________________________

Sharecropping

• This option was available to workers who had _________ to offer except their ______

• Workers would _____ on the land and the ___________ provided the land, tools, animals, seed, and fertilizer

• The workers would _____ the owner a share of the harvest

• They had to buy everything on ________ until the money from the harvest came in

• However, after giving owners their share and paying their bills, most workers had very little left over for their own and most stayed in constant ______

Tenant Farming

• Tenant farming was similar to sharecropping except the workers would have their _____ equipment, seeds, and fertilizer

• After the harvest, tenants would _____ the owners a set amount of cash or a part of the harvest

• Because they owned more of their own _________ than sharecroppers, they often made a small ________

Ku Klux Klan

• During Reconstruction, the _______________ became a force in Georgia– It started as a social club in TN for returning soldiers,

but eventually evolved into a ________ group• The Klan’s main purpose was to keep

_____________ from exercising their new __________________, especially the right to ______

• Many freedmen were ______________ when they went to the polls to _____

• There were many reports of beatings, whippings, and even murder

Questions:• 1) What was Andersonville?• 2) What were conditions like at

Andersonville?• 3) How many Reconstruction plans

were there?• 4) What were the 2 major steps of

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?• 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel

about the South after the war?• 6) What did Johnson add to the

Reconstruction plan?• 7) What did the 13th Amendment do?• 8) What did the 14th Amendment do?

• 9) What did the 15th Amendment do?• 10) Who was elected to the Georgia

senate but eventually expelled?• 11) What was the original purpose of

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 12) What was an important focus for

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 13) What were the 2 options available

to farmers after the war?• 14) What is sharecropping?• 15) What is tenant farming?• 16) What was the main purpose of the

Ku Klux Klan?

Questions:• 1) What was Andersonville?• 2) What were conditions like at

Andersonville?• 3) How many Reconstruction plans

were there?• 4) What were the 2 major steps of

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?• 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel

about the South after the war?• 6) What did Johnson add to the

Reconstruction plan?• 7) What did the 13th Amendment do?• 8) What did the 14th Amendment do?

• 9) What did the 15th Amendment do?• 10) Who was elected to the Georgia

senate but eventually expelled?• 11) What was the original purpose of

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 12) What was an important focus for

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 13) What were the 2 options available

to farmers after the war?• 14) What is sharecropping?• 15) What is tenant farming?• 16) What was the main purpose of the

Ku Klux Klan?

Questions:• 1) What was Andersonville?• 2) What were conditions like at

Andersonville?• 3) How many Reconstruction plans

were there?• 4) What were the 2 major steps of

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?• 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel

about the South after the war?• 6) What did Johnson add to the

Reconstruction plan?• 7) What did the 13th Amendment do?• 8) What did the 14th Amendment do?

• 9) What did the 15th Amendment do?• 10) Who was elected to the Georgia

senate but eventually expelled?• 11) What was the original purpose of

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 12) What was an important focus for

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 13) What were the 2 options available

to farmers after the war?• 14) What is sharecropping?• 15) What is tenant farming?• 16) What was the main purpose of the

Ku Klux Klan?

Questions:• 1) What was Andersonville?• 2) What were conditions like at

Andersonville?• 3) How many Reconstruction plans

were there?• 4) What were the 2 major steps of

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?• 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel

about the South after the war?• 6) What did Johnson add to the

Reconstruction plan?• 7) What did the 13th Amendment do?• 8) What did the 14th Amendment do?

• 9) What did the 15th Amendment do?• 10) Who was elected to the Georgia

senate but eventually expelled?• 11) What was the original purpose of

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 12) What was an important focus for

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 13) What were the 2 options available

to farmers after the war?• 14) What is sharecropping?• 15) What is tenant farming?• 16) What was the main purpose of the

Ku Klux Klan?

Questions:• 1) What was Andersonville?• 2) What were conditions like at

Andersonville?• 3) How many Reconstruction plans

were there?• 4) What were the 2 major steps of

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?• 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel

about the South after the war?• 6) What did Johnson add to the

Reconstruction plan?• 7) What did the 13th Amendment do?• 8) What did the 14th Amendment do?

• 9) What did the 15th Amendment do?• 10) Who was elected to the Georgia

senate but eventually expelled?• 11) What was the original purpose of

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 12) What was an important focus for

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 13) What were the 2 options available

to farmers after the war?• 14) What is sharecropping?• 15) What is tenant farming?• 16) What was the main purpose of the

Ku Klux Klan?

Questions:• 1) What was Andersonville?• 2) What were conditions like at

Andersonville?• 3) How many Reconstruction plans

were there?• 4) What were the 2 major steps of

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?• 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel

about the South after the war?• 6) What did Johnson add to the

Reconstruction plan?• 7) What did the 13th Amendment do?• 8) What did the 14th Amendment do?

• 9) What did the 15th Amendment do?• 10) Who was elected to the Georgia

senate but eventually expelled?• 11) What was the original purpose of

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 12) What was an important focus for

the Freedmen’s Bureau• 13) What were the 2 options available

to farmers after the war?• 14) What is sharecropping?• 15) What is tenant farming?• 16) What was the main purpose of the

Ku Klux Klan?