REFERENCES Dept. of Biotechnology, JJTU, Jhunjhunu

REFERENCES

Dept. of Biotechnology, JJTU, Jhunjhunu Page 119

REFERENCES

[1] Agrawal, M., S. Pradeep, K. Chandraraj, S. N. Gummadi., 2005, Hydrolysis of starch

by amylase from Bacillus sp. KCA102: a statistical approach Process Biochemistry

40, 2499–2507.

[2] Ahmed, A., A, H.M. Ibrahim., 2011, A potential new isolate for the production of a

thermostable extracellular α- amylase. Journal of Bacteriology Research, 3(8), 129-

137.

[3] Ahmadi, A., S. Ghobadi., K. Khajeh., B. Nomanpour., A. B. Dalfard., 2010,

Purification of α-Amylase from Bacillus sp. GHA1 and Its Partial Characterization J.

Iran. Chem. Soc, 7(2), 432-440.

[4] Aiyer P.V.D., 2004, Effect of C: N ratio on alpha amylase production by Bacillus

licheniformis SPT 278, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 3(10), 519–522.

[5] Akhnazarova, S., V. Kefarov., 1982, Experiment optimization in chemistry and

chemical engineering. Moscow, Mir Publishers.

[6] Aktas,N., I. H. Boyac., M. Mutlu., A. Tanyola., 2006, Optimization of lactose

utilization in deproteinated whey by Kluyveromyces marxianuss using response

surface methodology (RSM) Bioresource Technology, 97, 2252–2259.

[7] Alikhajeh, J., K. Khajeh., M. Naderi-Manesh., B. Ranjbar., R. H. Sajedi., H. Naderi-

Manesh., 2007, Kinetic analysis, structural studies and prediction of pKa values of

Bacillus KR-8104 α-amylase: The determinants of pH activity profile Enzyme and

Microbial Technology 41, 337–345.

REFERENCES


[8] Al-ZaZaee, M. M. A., S. Neelgund., D. M. Gurumurthy., A. N. Rajeshwara., 2011,

Identification, Characterization of Novel Halophilic Bacillus cereus Ms6: Source for

extracellular α- amylase. Advance in Environmental Biology, 5(5), 992-999.

[9] Amico, S. S., C. Gerday., G. Feller., 2000, Structural similarities and evolutionary

relationships in chloride-dependent α-amylases. Gene, 253, 95–105.

[10] Anto, H., U. Trivedi., K. Patel., 2006, Alpha amylase Production by Bacillus cereus

MTCC 1305 Using Solid-State Fermentation Food Technol. Biotechnol .44 (2), 241–

245.

[11] Apar, D.K., B. Özbek., 2004, α-Amylase inactivation by temperature during starch

hydrolysis, Process Biochemistry 39, 1137–1144.

[12] Araújo, R., M. Casal., A. Cavaco-Paulo., 2008, Biocatal. Biotransform, 26, 332–

349.

[13] Asghari, S. M., K. Khajeh., F. Moradian, B. Ranjbar, H. Naderi-Manesh., 2004,

Acid-induced conformational changes in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase:

appearance of a molten globule like state Enzyme and Microbial Technology 35, 51–

57.

[14] Asgher, M., M. J. Asad., S.U. Rahman., R.L. Legge., 2007, A thermostable a-amylase

from a moderately thermophilic Bacillus subtilis strain for starch processing Journal

of Food Engineering 79,950–955.

[15] Atienzar, F. A., M. Conradi., A. Evenden., A. Jha., M. Depledge., 1999, Qualitative

assessment of genotoxicity using RAPD: comparison of genomic template stability

with key fitness parameters in Daphnia magna exposed to benzo (a) pyrene. Environ.

Toxicol. Chem., 18, 2275–2282.

REFERENCES


[16] Atienzar, F. A., B. Cordi., M. E. Donkin., A. J. Evenden., A. N. Jha., M.H. Depledge.,

2000, Comparison of ultraviolet-induced genotoxicity detected by random amplified

polymorphic DNA with chlorophyll fluorescence and growth in a marine macroalgae,

Palmaria palmate. Aquatic Toxicol. 50, 1-12.

[17] Avci, A., S. Dönmez., 2012, Purification and characterization of a thermostable

cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Thermoanaerobacter sp. P4. African Journal of

Biotechnology, 11(45), 10407-10415.

[18] Baks, T., A. E.M. Janssen, R. M. Boom., 2006, The effect of carbohydrates on α-

amylase activity measurements Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39.

[19] Barritt, M. M., 1936, The intensification of the Voges-Proskauer reaction by the

addition of α-naphthol. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 42, 441–454.

[20] Bartelt, M., 2000, Diagnostic bacteriology, a study guide. F. A. Davis Co.,

Philadelphia, PA.

[21] Bauer, A. W., W. M. M. Kirby., J. C. Sherris., M. Turck., 1966, Antibiotic

susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 36,

493-496.

[22] Baysal, Z., F. Uyar., ¸ E. Aytekin., 2003, Solid state fermentation for production of a-

amylase by a thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis from hot-spring water Process

Biochemistry 38, 1665-1668.

[23] Becerril, C., M. Ferrero., F. Sanz., A. Castano., 1999, Detection of mitomycin C-

induced genetic damage in fish cells by use of RAPD. Mutagenesis 14, 449–456.

[24] Bennett, T. P., E, Frieden., 1969, Modern Topics in Biochemistry, 43-45, Macmillan,

London

REFERENCES


[25] Bensadoun, A., D.Weinstein., 1976, Assay of proteins in the presence of interfering

materials. Anal Biochem, 70(1), 241-50.

[26] Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J. L., Stryer, Lubert., 2006, Biochemistry, 6 th ed, 207.

[27] Bernfeld, P., 1955, Amylases, alpha and beta. In: Methods in enzymology, vol. 1.

New York: Academic Press, 149-158.

[28] Besbes, N., S. Fattouch., S. Ssadok., 2011, Comparison of methods in the recovery

and amplificability of DNA from fresh and processed sardine and anchovy muscle

tissues Food Chemistry 129,665–671.

[29] Bezerra,R. P., F.K.S.L. Borda., K.A Moreira., J.L Lima – Filho., A. L .F.Porto.,

A.C. Chaves., 2006, Extraction of amylase from fermentation broth in poly(ethylene

glycol) salt aqueous two-phase system, Brazilians arch .Biol. Technol , 49, 547-555.

[30] Bolton, D. J., C. T. Kelly, W. M. Fogarty, 1997, Purification and characterization of

the α-amylase of Bacillus flavothermus Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 20, 340-

343.

[31] Bordbar, A.K., K. Omidiyan., R. Hosseinzadeh., 2005, Study on interaction of a-

amylase from Bacillus subtilis with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, Colloids

Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 40, 67–71.

[32] Box, G. E. P., N. R. Draper., 1987, Empirical Model Building and Response Surfaces,

John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.

[33] Bozi. N., J. Ruiz., J. L. Santin., Z. Vuj ci., 2011, Production and properties of the

highly efficient raw starch digesting α-amylase from a Bacillus licheniformis ATCC

9945. Biochemical Engineering Journal 53, 203–209.

REFERENCES


[34] Bruinenberg, P.M., A.C. Hulst., A. Faber., R.H. Voogd., 1996, A process for surface

sizing or coating of paper. European Patent Application EP 0,690,170 A1.

[35] Burhan, A., U. Nisa., C. Gokhan., C. Omer., A. Ashabil., G. Osman., 2003

,Enzymatic properties of a novel thermostable, thermophilic, alkaline and chelator

resistant amylase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. isolate ANT-6. Process. Biochem,

38, 1397–1403.

[36] Burbidge, E., B, Collier., 1968, Production of bacterial amylases. Process Biochem,

3, 53-56.

[37] Campbell, N., Reece., 2002, Biology, 6th ed. Don O’Neal ed. Benjamin Cummings

Publishing, Menlo Park, California, 300-340.

[38] Chanda, N., A. S. Nateria., R. H. Sajedib., A. Mahdavic., M. Rassac., 2012,

Enzymatic desizing of cotton fabric using a Ca2+-independent α-amylase with acidic

pH profile Journal of Molecular Catalysis B. Enzymatic 83,46– 50.

[39] Chimata, M. K., C. S. Chetty., C. Suresh., 2011, Fermentative Production and

Thermostability Characterization of α Amylase from Aspergillus Species and Its

Application Potential Evaluation in Desizing of Cotton Cloth, Biotechnology

Research International Volume, 8.

[40] Chuan, S., H. Y. Hong., C. Gang, R. Y. Chun, Z. G.-Heng., G. Z.Yu., L. Jian, J.

P.Na., H.Jiang, G. L. Biao., Q. Q. Zeng., D.Li., 2010,A simple method for

preparation of rice genomic DNA, Rice Science, 17(4),326−329.

[41] Clarke, H., S. T. Cowan., 1952, Biochemical methods for bacteriology. J. Gen.

Microbiol. 6:187–197.

REFERENCES


[42] Coronado, M. J., C. Vargas., J. Hofemeister., A. Ventosa., J. J. Nieto., 2000,

Production and biochemical characterization of an a-amylase from the moderate

halophile Halomonas meridian. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 183, 67-71.

[43] Crandall, E., P. Barber., Agarose gel Electrophoresis

www.eeb.ucla.edu/Faculty/Barber/Web%20Protocols/Protocol4.pdf

[44] Cruger, W., A. Crueger, 2003, Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology,

Paniono Publishing Corporation, 191- 195.

[45] Dasa, I. K., B. Fakrudin, D.K. Arorac., 2008, RAPD cluster analysis and chlorate

sensitivity of some Indian isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina from sorghum and

their relationships with pathogenicity Microbiological Research 163, 215-224.

[46] Damhus, T., S. Kaasgaard., H. Lundquist., H. S. Olsen., 2008, Novozymes. 3rd ed,

30.


35.


15.

[49] Declerck, N., M. Machius., P. Joyet., G. Wiegand., R. Huber., C. Gaillardin., 2003,

Hyper-thermostabilization of Bacillus licheniformis alpha amylase and modulation of

its stability over a 50°C temperature range. Protein Eng, 16, 287-293.

[50] Demirkan, E. S., B. Mikami., M. Adachi., T. Higasa., S. Utsumi., 2005, α-Amylase

from B. amyloliquefaciens: purification, characterization, raw starch degradation and

expression in E. coli Process Biochemistry, 40, 2629–2636.

REFERENCES


[51] Desai, K. M., S. A. Survase, P S. Saudagar, S.S. Lele, R. S. Singhal., 2008,

Comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology

(RSM) in fermentation media optimization: Case study of fermentative production of

scleroglucan Biochemical Engineering Journal 41, 266–273.

[52] Dettori, B. G., F.G. Priest., J.R. Stark., 1992, Hydrolysis of starch granules by the

amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus NCA 26, Process Biochem. 27, 17–21.

[53] Dey. N., R. Soni, S.K. Soni., 2002, A novel thermostable -amylase from thermophilic

Bacillus sp. SN-1 and its application in the liquefaction of sorghum starch from

ethanol fermentation. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol Environ Sci, 4, 159–64.

[54] Di Pinto, A., V. Forte., M. C. Guastadisegni., C. Martino., F. P. Schena., G. Tantillo.,

2007, A comparison of DNA extraction methods for food analysis. Food Control, 18,

76–80.

[55] Difco., 1998, Difco manual, 11th ed. Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI.

[56] Difco., 1984, Difco manual, 10th ed. Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI.

[57] Difco Laboratories., 2009, Difco & BBL manual: manual of microbiological culture

media, 2nd Ed, Becton Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, 402–403.

[58] Dixon, M., E. C. Webb., 1971, Enzymes, Willam Clowes and Son, London, 950.

[59] Djekrif-Dakhmouche, S., Z .Gheribi-Aoulmi., Z. Meraihi., L. Bennamoun., 2006,

Application of a statistical design to the optimization of culture medium for a-

amylase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 grown on orange waste

powder. J. Food Eng, 73, 190–197.

REFERENCES


[60] Donahue, B.A., S., Yin., J.S. Taylor., D. Reines., P.C. Hanawalt., 1994. Transcript

cleavage by RNA polymerase II arrested by a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer in the

DNA template. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 8502–8506.

[61] Dong. Y., H. Lin., H. Wang., X. Mo., K. Fu., H. Wen., 2011, Effects of ultraviolet

irradiation on bacteria mutation and bioleaching of low-grade copper tailings.

Minerals Engineering, 24, 870–875.

[62] Dubey, R., J. Kumar., D. Agrawala., T. Char., P. Pusp, 2011, Isolation, production,

purification, assay and characterization of fibrinolytic enzymes (Nattokinase,

Streptokinase and Urokinase) from bacterial sources African Journal of

Biotechnology, 10(8), 1408-1420,

[63] Dubouzet, J. G., N. Murata., K. Shinoda., 1997, RAPD analysis of genetic

relationships among Alstroemeria L. cultivars Scientia Horticulture 68, 181- 189.

[64] Duke, P. B., J. D. Jarvis, 1972, The catalase test-a cautionary tale. J. Med. Lab

Technol. 29(2), 203–204.

[65] Dulley, J.R., P.A. Grieve., 1975, A simple technique for eliminating interference by

detergents in the Lowry method of protein determination. Anal Biochem, 64(1),136–

141.

[66] Dutta, J. R., R. Banerjee., 2006, Isolation and Characterization of a Newly Isolated

Pseudomonas Mutant for Protease Production Brazilian Archives of Biology and

Technology Vol. 49, (1), 37-47.

[67] Ehlers. M. M., T. E. Cloete, 1999, Comparing the protein profiles of 21 different

activated sludge systems after SDS- PAGE. Wat. Res, 33(5), 1181-1186.

[68] Emma, W., C, McSpadden., Production of Industrial Enzymes in Fermentation.

REFERENCES


[69] Fall., 2001, Enzyme Kinetics Lab: Amylase Activity. Introduction to Biochemical

Engineering, 52, 108.

[70] Fan, C., Z. Liu., J. Hu., B. N. J. Huang., L. Yao., 2012, Effects of polyethylene glycol

6000 and tripotassium phosphate on protopectinase partition in the aqueous two-

phase systems using response surface methodology. African Journal of Food Science,

6(4), 85-90.

[71] Femi Ola, T.O., B.M. Olowe., 2011, Characterization of Alpha Amylase from

Bacillus subtilis BS5 isolated from Amitermes evuncifer Silvestri. J. microbiology,

6(2), 140-146.

[72] Fersht, A., 1999, Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science: A Guide to Enzyme

Catalysis and Protein Folding. W.H. Freeman and Co.

[73] Fogarty M.W, 1983, In: Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology, Applied Science

Publishers, 1–92.

[74] Fogarty, W.M., C.T. Kelly., 1979, Starch degrading enzymes of microbial origin.

Prog Ind Microbiol, 15, 87-150.

[75] Fogarty, W.M., C.T. Kelly., 1979, Developments in microbial extracellular enzymes.

In: Wiseman A, editor. Topics in enzyme and fermentation biotechnology, 3, 45-108.

[76] Fogarty, M.W., 1983, Microbial Amylases. In: Microbial Enzymes and

Biotechnology, W.M. Fogarty (Ed.), Applied Science Publishers, 1–92.

[77] Forbes, B. A., D.F. Sahm., A. S. Weissfeld., 2007, Bailey and Scott’s diagnostic

microbiology, 12th ed. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO.

[78] Francis F, A. Sabu, K. M. Nampoothiri, S. Ramachandran, S. Ghosh, G. Szakacs, A.

Pandey, 2003, Use of response surface methodology for optimizing process

REFERENCES


parameters for the production of α-amylase by Aspergillus oryzae. J. Biochem. Eng.,

15(2), 107-115.

[79] Fukumoto, J., 1943, Studies on the production of bacterial amylase. I. Isolation of

bacteria secreting potent amylases and their distribution" (in Japanese). 19, 487–503.

[80] Gaby, W. L., L. Free. 1958, Differential diagnosis of pseudomonas-like

microorganisms in the clinical laboratory. J. Bateriols. 76, 442–444.

[81] G Bioscience Excellence, Protein Fractionation, Teacher’s Guidebook, Rev: 071302,

BE-413. www.gbiosciences.com/.../633453766598535000.pdf.

[82] G Bioscience Excellence, Protein Electrophoresis, Teacher’s Guidebook, Rev:

060610, BE-406. www.gbiosciences.com/.../633453728455878750.pdf

[83] Gangadharan. D., S. Sivaramakrishnan., K.M. Nampoothiri., R.K. Sukumaran., A.

Pandey., 2008, Response surface methodology for the optimization of alpha amylase

production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. J.Bioresource Technology, 99, 4597–4602.

[84] Gangadharan, D., S. Sivaramakrishnan, K.M. Nampoothiri., A. Pandey., 2006. α-

Amylase Production by B. amyloliquefaciens, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 44(2), 269-

274.

[85] Gangadharan, D., K.M. Nampoothiri, S. Sivaramakrishnan., A. Pandey., 2008.

Biochemical Characterization of Raw-starch-digesting Alpha Amylase Purified from

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, DOI 10.1007/s12010-008-

8347-4.

[86] Gangadharan, D., K. M. Nampoothiri., S. Sivaramakrishnan., A. Pandey., 2009

Immobilized bacterial α-amylase for effective hydrolysis of raw and soluble starch

Food Research International, 42,436–442.

REFERENCES


[87] Garcia-Vallve, S., J. Palau., A. Romeu., 1999, Horizontal gene transfer in glycosyl

hydrolases inferred from codon usage in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Molecular Biology and Evolution 9, 1125-1134.

[88] Geetha, I., A.M. Manonmani., G. Prabakaran., 2011, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: A

mosquitocidal bacterium from mangrove forests of Andaman & Nicobar islands,

India Acta Tropica 120, 155– 159.

[89] Gerhardt, P., R. G. E. Murray., R. N. Costilow., E. W. Nester., W. A. Wood., N. R.

Krieg., G. B Phillips., 1981, Manual and methods for general bacteriology. ASM

Press, Washington, DC.

[90] Gephart, P., R.G. E. Murray., R. N. Costilow., E.W., Nester., W.A. Wood., N.R.

Krieg., G. B. Phillips., 1981, Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, ASM

Press, Washington D.C.

[91] Geyikc¸ F., E. Kılıc.¸ S. C¸ Oruh, S. Elevli., 2012, Modelling of lead adsorption from

industrial sludge leachate on red mud by using RSM and ANN Chemical Engineering

Journal 183,53– 59.

[92] Gordon, R. E., W. C. Haynes, and C. Hor-Nay Pang., 1973, The genus Bacillus. U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

[93] Gornall, A.G., C.J. Bardawill., M.M. David., 1949, Determination of serum proteins

by means of biuret reaction. J. Biol. Chem., 177,751-766.

[94] Goyal, N., G.S. Sindhu, S.T. Chakraburti., J.K. Gupta., 1995, Thermostability of

alpha amylase produced by Bacillus sp., E2-a thermophilic mutant. J. Microbiol.

Biotechnol, 11, 593-594.

REFERENCES


[95] Goyal, N., J.K. Gupta., S.K. Soni., 2005, A novel raw starch digesting thermostable

α-amylase from Bacillus sp.I-3 and its use in the direct hydrolysis of raw potato

starch Enzyme and Microbial Technology 37, 723–734.

[96] Gram, C., 1884, Ueber die isolirte Färbung der Schizomyceten in Schnitt-und

Trockenpräparaten. Fortschritte der Medcin, (2), 185-189.

[97] Gronau, I., S. Moran., 2007, Optimal implementations of UPGMA and other common

clustering algorithms Information. Processing Letters, 104,205–210.

[98] Gunawan, E.R., M. Basri., M. Basyaruddin., A. Rahmana., A. B. Salleh., R. N. Z. A.

Rahman, 2005, Study on response surface methodology (RSM) of lipase-catalyzed

synthesis of palm-based wax ester. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 37, 739–744.

[99] Gupta. R., P. Gigras., H. Mohapatra., V.K. Goswami., B. Chauhan., 2003, Microbial

α-amylases: A biotechnological perspective, Process Biochem. 38, 1599–1616.

[100] Gupta, A.K., Harish, M.K. Rai., M. Phulwaria., N.S. Shekhawat., 2011, Isolation of

genomic DNA suitable for community analysis from mature trees adapted to arid

environment Gene 487, 156–159.

[101] Guo, W.Q., N.Q. Ren., X. J. Wang, W.S. Xiang, J. Ding., Y. You., B.F. Liu., 2009,

Optimization of culture conditions for hydrogen production by Ethanoligenens

harbinense B49 using response surface methodology. Bioresource Technology, 100,

1192–1196.

[102] Guzman-Maldonado, H., O. Paredes-Lopez., 1995, Amylolytic enzymes and products

derived from starch: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 35,

373-403.

REFERENCES


[103] Habibi, A. E., K. Khajeh., H. Naderi-Manesh, B. Ranjbar, M. N. Gorgani., 2006,

Thermostabilization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-amylase by chemical cross-linking

Journal of Biotechnology 123, 434–442.

[104] Hamilton, L.M., C. T. Kelly, W. M. Fogarty., 1999, Production and properties of the

raw starch-digesting a-amylase of Bacillus sp. IMD 435 Process Biochemistry 35,

27–31.

[105] Hamilton, L.M., C.T. Kelly., W.M. Fogarty., 1999, Purification and properties of the

raw starch degrading a-amylase of Bacillus sp. IMD434. Biotechol Lett, 21, 111-115.

[106] Hamilton, L.M., C.T. Kelly., W.M. Fogarty., 1998, Carbohydrate Research, 314, 251-

257.

[107] Harley, J. P., 2005, Laboratory exercises in microbiology, 6th ed. McGraw Hill, New

York, NY.

[108] Harkulkar, N. L., 2012, Isolation and Quantification of DNA from different evidences

and role of RFLP in DNA fingerprinting. Helix Volume, 1(2), 152-154 .

[109] Harrow, B., A. Mazur., 1958 Textbook of Biochemistry, 109, Saunders, Philadelphia.

[110] Hartree, E.E., 1972, Determination of protein; A modification of the Lowry method

that gives that gives a linear photometric response. Anal. Biochem, 48, 422-427.

[111] Hashemi, M., S. H. Razavi, S. A. Shojaosadati, S. M. Mousavi, K. Khajeh., M.

Safari., 2010, Development of a solid-state fermentation process for production of an

alpha amylase with potentially interesting properties. Journal of Bioscience and

Bioengineering, 110(3), 333–337.

[112] Hashemi, M., S. M. Mousavi., S. H. Razavi, S. A. Shojaosadati., 2013, Comparison

of submerged and solid state fermentation systems effects on the catalytic activity of

REFERENCES


Bacillus sp. KR-8104 α-amylase at different pH and temperatures Industrial Crops

and Products 43, 661– 667.

[113] Haq, I-Ul., H. Ashraf., J. Iqbal, M.A. Qadeer., 2003, Production of alpha amylase by

Bacillus licheniformis using an economical medium. Bioresource Technology 87, 57–

61.

[114] Haq, I., H. Ashraf, S. Omar., M.A .Qadeer, 2002, Biosynthesis of amyloglucosidase

by Aspergillus niger using wheat bran as substrate. Pak. J. of Biol. Sci, 5(9), 962-964.

[115] Haq, I., S. Ali., M.M. Javed., U. Hameed., A. Saleem., F. Adnan., M.A. Qadeer.,

2010, Production of alpha amylase from a randomly induced mutant strain of bacillus

amyloliquefaciens and its application as a desizer in textile industry. Pak. J. Bot,

42(1), 473-484.

[116] Helms, D., C. Helms., R. Kosinski., J. Cummings., 1998, Biology in the Laboratory,

3rd ed. Judith Wilson ed. Freeman Publishing, New York, 91 – 98.

[117] Hendriksen, H. V., S. Pedersen., H. Bisgard-Frantzen., 1999, A process for textile

warp sizing using enzymatically modified starches. Patent ApplicationWO 99/35325.

[118] Henrissat, B. 1991, A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid

sequence similiarities, Biochem. J. 280, 309–316.

[119] Hewitt, C. J., G. L. Solomons., 1996, The production of a-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.) by

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in a complex and a totally defined synthetic culture

medium. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 17, 96–99.

[120] Holum, J., 1968, Elements of General and Biological Chemistry, 2nd ed., 377, Wiley,

NY.

REFERENCES


[121] Holum, J., 1968, Elements of General and Biological Chemistry, 2nd ed., 377, Wiley,

NY.

[122] Hu, H. Q., X. S. Li, H. He., 2010, Characterization of an antimicrobial material from

a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from mangrove for biocontrol of

Capsicum bacterial wilt. Biological Control, 54, 359–365.

[123] Ibrahim, A. D., A. I. Saulawa., A. Sani., D. M. Sahabi., S. A. Shinkafi., A. A.

Aliero., A. Gambo., 2011, Bioutilization of Adansonia Digitata Fruit Pulp By

Bacillus Species For Amylase Production. International journal of plant, animal and

environmental sciences 1,1.

[124] Ide, H., Petrullo, L.A., Hataet, Z., Wallace, S.S., 1991. Processing of DNA base

damage by DNA polymerases — dihydrothymine and b-ureidoisobutyric acid as

models for instructive and noninstructive lesions. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 1469–1477.

[125] Ionov, Y., M.A. Peinado., S. Malkhosyan., D. Shibata., M. Perucho., 1993,

Ubiquitous somatic mutations in simple repeated sequences reveal a new mechanism

for colonic carcinogenesis. Nature 363, 558–561.

[126] Irfan, M., M. Nadeem, Q. Syed., 2012, Media optimization for amylase production in

solid state fermentation of wheat bran by fungal strains. Journal of Cell and

Molecular Biology,10(1), 55-64.

[127] Irshad, M., Z. Anwar., M. Gulfraz., H. I. Butt., A. Ejaz., H. Nawaz., 2012,

Purification and characterization of α-amylase from Ganoderma tsuage growing in

waste bread medium. African Journal of Biotechnology , 11 (32),8288-8294.

[128] Isabel, N., J. Belieu., Bausquet., 1995, Complete congruence between gene diversity

estimates derived from genotypic data at enzymes and random amplified polymorphic

REFERENCES


DNA loci in black spruce. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92,

6369-6373.

[129] Isenberg H. D., L. H. Sundheim., 1958, Indole reactions in bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 75,

682–690.

[130] Iulek, J., O.L. Franco., M. Silva., C.T. Slivinski., C. Jr. Bloch., D.J. Rigden., M.F.

Grossi de Sa., 2000, Purification, biochemical characterisation and partial primary

structure of a new alpha-amylase inhibitor from Secale cereale (rye). Int J Biochem

Cell Biol, 32, 1195-1204.

[131] Ivanova, V. N., E. P. Dobreva., E. I. Emanuilova., 1993, Purification and

characterization of a thermostable alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis Journal

of Biotechnology, 28, 277-289.

[132] Iyer, B.K., L. Ananthanarayan., 2008, Effect of α-amylase addition on fermentation

of idli-A popular south Indian cereal-Legume-based snack food LWT 41, 1053–1059.

[133] Jaccard, P., 1908, New researches on the floral distribution. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci.

Natl. 44,223-270.

[134] Jain, J. L., S. Jai., N. Jain., 2005, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 6 th ed, 333.

[135] Janaa, M., C. Maity., S. Samantab., B. R. Pati., S. S. Islamc , P. K. Das Mohapatra.,

K. C. Mondal., 2013 Salt-independent thermophilic α-amylase from Bacillus

megaterium VUMB109: An efficacy testing for preparation of maltooligosaccharides

Industrial Crops and Products 41, 386– 391.

[136] Jyoti, J., N. Lal., R. Lal., A. Kaushik, 2011, Partial purification andcharacterization of

an acidophilic extracellular α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis Jar 26.

International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 2 (3), 315-320.

REFERENCES


[137] Kalishwaralal, K., S, Gopalram., R. Vaidyanathan , V. Deepak., S. R. K. Pandian.,

S. Gurunathan, 2010, Optimization of α-amylase production for the green synthesis

of gold nanoparticles Colloids and Surfaces B, Biointerfaces, 77 ,174–180.

[138] Kandra, L., 2003, α-Amylases of medical and industrial importance. Journal of

Molecular Structure (Theochem) 666–667, 487–498.

[139] Kammoun, R., B. Naili, S. Bejar., 2008, Application of a statistical design to the

optimization of parameters and culture medium for a-amylase production by

Aspergillus oryzae CBS 819.72 grown on gruel (wheat grinding by-product)

Bioresource Technology, 99, 5602–5609.

[140] Kammoun, R., H. Chouayekh., H. Abid., B. Naili, S. Bejar., 2009, Purification of

CBS 819.72 α-amylase by aqueous two-phase systems: Modelling using Response

Surface Methodology Biochemical Engineering Journal, 46, 306–312.

[141] Kaufman, B., S. Richards., D. A. Dierig., 1999, DNA isolation method for high

polysaccharide Lesquerella species. Industrial Crops and Products 9, 111–114.

[142] Kenya, J. W., A.G.T. Fernando., M.P.M L|.dia., J. U. Cirano., 2004 , Biochemical

characterization of K-amylase from the yeast Cryptococcus flavus FEMS

Microbiology Letters 231, 165-169.

[143] Khajeh. K., M. M. Shokri., S. M. Asghari., F. Moradian., A. Ghasemi., M. Sadeghi.,

B. Ranjbar., S. Hosseinkhani., S. Gharavi., H. Naderi-Manesh., 2006, Acidic and

proteolytic digestion of α-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens: Stability and flexibility analysis Enzyme and Microbial

Technology 38, 422–428.

REFERENCES


[144] Khajeh, K., H. Naderi-Manesh., B. Ranjbar., A. A. Moosavi-Movahedia., M. Nemat-

Gorgania., 2001, Chemical modification of lysine residues in Bacillus α amylases:

effect on activity and stability Enzyme and Microbial Technology 28,543–549.

[145] Khan, A. A., P. Peiris. , N. Sharma., G. Maddini., V. Raghavan., C. Courteau., 2011,

Effect on Alpha – amylase production by employing polyethylene glycol at different

concentration in medium. American Journal of Food and Technology, 6(4), 289-297.

[146] Khattab A.A., S. A. A. Mohamed., 2012, Mutation induction and protoplast fusion of

Streptomyces spp. for enhanced alkaline protease production. Journal of Applied

Sciences Research, 8(2), 807-814.

[147] Khoo, S.L., A.A. Amirul., M. Kamaruzaman., N. Nazalan., M.N. Azizan., 1994,

Purification and characterization of a-amylase from Aspergillus flavus . Folia

Microbiol, 39, 392-398.

[148] Khuri, A. I., J.A. Cornell., 1987, Response surfaces: design and analysis. New York:

Marcel Decker Inc.

[149] Kiran. K.K., T.S. Chandra., 2008, Production of surfactant and detergent-stable,

halophilic and alkali-tolerant alpha-amylase by a moderately halophilic Bacillus spp.

strain TSCVKK. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 77, 1023-1031.

[150] Konsoula, Z., M. Liakopoulou-Kyriakides., 2006, Thermostable α-amylase

production by Bacillus subtilis entrapped in calcium alginate gel capsules Enzyme

and Microbial Technology 39, 690–696.

[151] Kostinek, M., I. Specht., V.A. Edward., C. Pinto. , M. Egounlety., C. Sossa., S.

Mbugua., C. Dortu., P. Thonart. , L. Taljaard. , M. Mengu. , C.M.A.P. Franz. , W.H.

Holzapfel., 2007, Characterisation and Biochemical Properties of Predominant Lactic

REFERENCES


Acid Bacteria From Fermenting Cassava For Selection As Starter Cultures

International Journal Of Food Microbiology 114, 342–351.

[152] Kottwitz, B., H. Upadek., G. Carrer., 1994, Applications and benefits of enzymes in

detergent. Chim Oggi, 12, 21 -24.

[153] Kovács, N., 1956, Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction.

Nature (London), 178, 703.

[154] Krishna E. R., P. S. Kumar., M.D.A.G.C. Sekhar., B. V. Kumar., 2011, Study on

Marine Sponge isolated bacteria Bacillus subtilis (MTCC No. 10619) producing

Amylase and Protease enzymes Journal of Pharmacy Research. 11, 3925-3927.

[155] Krishnan, T., A. K. Chandra., 1983, Purification and characterization of α-amylase

from Bacillus licheniformis CUMC 305. Appl Environ Microbiol, 46, 430-437.s

[156] Kubota, Y., A. Shimada., A. Shima., 1995, DNA alterations detected in the progeny

of paternally irradiated Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias Latipes). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

USA 92, 330–334.

[157] Kubota, Y., A. Shimada., A. Shima., 1992, Detection of g-ray-induced DNA damage

in malformed dominant lethal embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias Latipes)

using AP-PCR fingerprinting. Mutat. Res. 283, 263–270.

[158] Kumar, N. M., C. Muthukumaran., G. Jayaraman., 2012, Thermostable alpha-amylase

enzyme production from Bacillus laterosporus: Statistical optimization, Purification

and Characterization, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology,

http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2012.10.005, S1878-8181(12)00134-X.

REFERENCES


[159] Kumar, P.S., C.R. Elsy, P.A. Nazeem and A. Augustin, 2010, Use of different marker

systems to estimate genetic diversity in the traditional medicinal rice cultivar of

Kerala. Int. J. Plant Breed. Genet., 4, 89-103.

[160] Kumari, A., T. Rosenkranz., A. M. Kayastha., Jörg Fitter., 2010, The effect of

calcium binding on the unfolding barrier: A kinetic study on homologous α amylases

Biophysical Chemistry, 151, 54–60.

[161] Kurosawa, K., T. Hosaka., N. Tamehiro., T. Inaoka., K. Ochi., 2005, Improvement of

α-amlyase production by modulation of ribosomal component protein S12 in Bacillus

subtilis 168. Appl Environ Microbiol 72, 71–77.

[162] Leboffe,M.J.,B.E.Pierce.,2010,Microbiology:laboratorytheoryandapplication,3rded.M

ortonPublishingCompany,Englewood,CO.

[163] Lee, Y.J., B. K. Kim., B. H. Lee., K. I. Jo., N. K. Lee., C.H. Chung, Y.C. Lee., J.W.

Lee., 2008, Purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Bacillus

amyoliquefaciens DL-3 utilizing rice hull Bioresource Technology, 99, 378–386.

[164] Lennette, E.H., A .Balows., W.J. Hausler., H.J. Jr. Shadomy., 1985, Manual of

clinical microbiology, 4th Ed, 918–919, 945.American Society for Microbiology,

Washington, DC.

[165] Leveque, E., S. Janecek., B. Haye., A. Belarbi., 2000, Thermophilic archaeal

amylolytic enzymes. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 26, 3–14.

[166] Li, W.F., X.X. Zhou., P. Lu., 2005, Stuructural features of thermozymes”,

Biotechnol.Adv, 23, 271-281.

REFERENCES


[167] Liao, Y-Chieh., Syu, M.-Jywan., 2009, Effects of poly(ethylene glycol) and salt on

the binding of a-amylase from the fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

by Cu2+-b-CD affinity adsorbent Carbohydrate Polymers 77, 344–350.

[168] Lipp, M., P. Brodmann., K Pietsch., J. Pauwels., E. Anklam., E. 1999, IUPAC

collaborative trail study of a method to detect genetically modified soy beans and

maize in dried powder. Journal of AOAC International, 82, 923–928.

[169] Lin, L. L., C. C. Chyau., W. H. Hsu., 1998, Production and properties of a raw-

starch-degrading amylase from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. TS-23.

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 28, 61–68.

[170] Linden, A., O. Mayans., W. Meyer-Klaucke., G. Antranikian., M. Wilmanns., 2003,

Differential regulation of a hyperthermophilic amylase with a novel (Ca, Zn) two-

metal center by Zinc. J. Biol. Chem, 278, 9875- 9884.

[171] Liu, B.L., Y.M. Tzeng, 1998, Optimization of growth medium for production of

spores from Bacillus thuringiensis using response surface methodology. Bioprocess

Eng., 18, 413–418.

[172] Lonsane, B.K., M.V. Ramesh., 1990, Production of bacterial thermostable a-amylase

by solid state fermentation: a potential tool for achieving economy in enzyme

production and starch hydrolysis. Advances in applied microbiology, 35, 1-56.

[173] Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rough., A.L. Farr., J. Randall., 1951, Protein estimation with the

Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265-75.

[174] Lui, J.K., P. Jurtshuk. 1986, N, N, N’-N’-tetra methyl-p-phenylenediamine-dependent

cytochrome oxidase analyses of Bacillus species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36,38–46.

REFERENCES


[175] Lulko, J.W., G. Veenig., M. Kuipers., 2007, Production and screening stress caused

by over-expression of heterogeneous α-amylase pools to inhibition of sporulation of

prolong motile phase in Bacillus subtilis. Appl. Env. Microbiol, 73, 5354-5362.

[176] MacFaddin, J. F. 1980. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria, 2nd

ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.

[177] MacFaddin J.F., 2000, Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria, 3rd

Ed, 412 423. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

[178] MacFaddin, J., 1972, Biochemical tests for the identification of medical bacteria.

Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD.

[179] Mars, S.S., H. Mori., H.J. Lee., K. Fukuda., A. Kimura., 2003,Purification and

characterization and sequence analysis of two alpha – amylase isoforms from azuki

bean , Vigna angularis, showing different affinity towards beta – cyclodextrin

sephorose. Bioscience .Biotechnol. Biochemistry, 67, 1080-1093.

[180] Marc, J.E.C., V. Maarel., B. V. Veen., Joost C.M. Uitdehaag., H. Leemhuis., L.

Dijkhuizen., 2002, Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the α-

amylase family Journal of Biotechnology 94,137–155.

[181] Mafra, I., A. Susana., S. E. J.M.O. Moreira, C.S. F. D. Silva., M. Beatriz, P.P.

Oliveira., 2008, Comparative study of DNA extraction methods for soybean derived

food products Food Control 19, 1183–1190.

[182] Mahdavi, A., R. H. Sajedi., M. Rassa., V. Jafarian., 2010, Characterization of an α-

amylase with broad temperature activity from an acid-neutralizing Bacillus cereus

strain. Iranian J. Biotechnol, 8,103-111.

REFERENCES


[183] Mahon, C.R, D.C. Lehman., G. Manuselis., 2011, Textbook of diagnostic

microbiology, 4th ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA.

[184] Martinek, R., 1969 Practical Clinical Enzymology: J. Am. Med. Tech., 31, 162.

[185] McLeod, J. W., J. Gordon., 1923. Catalase production and sensitiveness to hydrogen

peroxide amongst bacteria: with a scheme for classification based on these properties.

J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 26, 326–331.

[186] Mendu, D. R., B.V.V. Ratnam, A. Purnima., C. Ayyanna., 2005,Affinity

chromatography of α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis Enzyme and Microbial

Technology 37, 712–717.

[187] Metin. K., Ö. Koç., Z. B. B. Ate_lier., H. H. Bıyık., 2010, Purification and

characterization of amylase produced by Penicillium citrinum HBF62 African Journal

of Biotechnology, 9(45), 7692-7701

[188] Michail. M., M. Vasiliadou., A. Zotos., 2006, Partial purification and comparison of

precipitation techniques of proteolytic enzymes from trout (Salmo gairdnerii) heads

Food Chemistry 97, 50–55.

[189] Micheli M. R., R. Bova., 1997 in: Micheli M.R., Bova R. (Eds.), Fingerprinting

methods based on arbitaryli PCR. Lab Manual, Springer.

[190] Michelle Furlong., Effects of UV Light Exposure on Bacteria, Microbiology for

Health Science Lab 8, 1.

[191] Miller, G.L., 1959, Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing

sugars, Anal.Chem. 31, 426–428.

REFERENCES


[192] Milner, J. A., D. J. Martin., A. Smith., 1997, Two-stage inocula for the production of

alpha-amylase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Enzyme and Microbial Technology 21,

382-386.

[193] Mishra. S., N. Behera., 2008, Amylase activity of a starch degrading bacteria isolated

from soil receiving kitchen wastes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (18), 3326-

3331.

[194] Mishra, B., M. Boyanov., B. A. Bunker., S. D. Kelly., K. M. Kemner., J. B.Fein.,

2010, High-andlow-affinity binding sites for Cd on the bacterial cell walls of Bacillus

subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis. Geochim. Acta , 74,4219-4233.

[195] Mitsuiki, S., K. Mukaea, M. Sakai, M. Goto., S. Hayashida., K. Furukawa., 2005,

Comparative characterization of raw starch hydrolyzing -amylases from various

Bacillus strains. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 37, 410–416.

[196] Mohammed, M. A. A., N. Shivayogeeshwar., D.M. Gurumurthy., A.N. Rajeshwara.,

2011,Identification, Characterization of Novel Halophilic Bacillus Cereus Ms6: a

Source for Extra Cellular A-Amylase Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(5),992-

999.

[197] Mohandasa., B. J., 2010, A thermoactive -amylase from a Bacillus sp. isolated from

CSMCRI salt farm International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47, 288–291.

[198] Mohapatra, M A., U.C Banerjee., M. Bapuji., 1998, Characterization of a fungal

amylase from Mucor sp. Associated with the marine sponge spirastrella sp.

Biotechnol, 60, 113-117.

[199] Morgan, F.J, F. G. Priest., 1981, Characterization of a thermostable aamylase from

Bacillus licheniformis NCIB 6346. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 50, 107-114.

REFERENCES


[200] Mori, E., P. L. S. Daly., G. Damianic., B. Peritoa., R. Fania., 1999, Molecular nature

of RAPD markers from Haemophilus influenza Rd genome, Res. Microbiol, 150,

83−93.

[201] Montgomery, D.C. 1997, Introduction to statistical quality control. New York: John

Wiley & Sons.

[202] Moyo, M., S.O. Amoo., M.W. Bairu., J.F. Finnie., J. Van Staden., 2008, Optimising

DNA isolation for medicinal plants South African Journal of Botany 74,771–775.

[203] Mrudula. S., 2010, Production of thermostable alpha amylase by Bacillus cereus MK

in solid state fermentation: Partial purification and characterization of the enzyme.

The Internet J. Microbiol, 8, 1-32.

[204] Muralikrishna, G., M. Nirmala, 2005, Cereal α-amylases - an overview. Carbohydrate

Polymers, 60, 163-173.

[205] Murray, R. K., D. K. Granner., P. A. Mayes., V. W. Rodwell., 2003, 26 th ed, 49- 50.

[206] Na, A., G. H. BO., K. W. Dong., 2009, Genetic Variation in Rhizome Lotus

(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ssp. nucifera) Germplasms from China Assessed by

RAPD Markers. Agricultural Sciences in China, 8(1), 31-39.

[207] Najafi, M.F., D. Deobagkar., D. Deobagkar., 2005, Purification and characterization

of an extracellular α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis AX20. Protein Expression and

Purification 41, 349–354.

[208] Nelson, J.R., C.W. Lawrence., D.C. Hinkle., 1996. Thymine– thymine dimer bypass

by yeast DNA-polymerase-zeta. Science 272, 1646–1649.

[209] Nelson, D. L., M. M. Cox., 2004, Principles of biochemistry, 4 th ed, 191.

REFERENCES


[210] Nielsen, A.D., M. L. Pusey., C. C. Fuglsangb., P. Westha., 2003, A proposed

mechanism for the thermal denaturation of a recombinant Bacillus halmapalus α-

amylase—the effect of calcium ions Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1652, 52– 63.

[211] Nielsen, J. E., T V. Borchert., 2000, Protein engineering of bacterial α-amylases.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 154 (3), 253-274.

[212] Oboh, G., J. O. Ajele., 1997, Effects of some metallic chlorides on the activity on

beta amylase from sweet potatoes, Biochem. Mol.Bio, 12, 73-75.

[213] Oroian, R.G., T.E. Oroian, Crina Teodora Carsai, Viorica Cosier, L. Sasca., 2009,

Rapd technique used in analyzing the genetic structure of cyprinus carpio species –

galitian and lausitz varieties, Lucrări Ştiinţifice 52,14. Seria Zootehnie.

[214] Oser, B., 1965, Enzymes and their action: cell respiration, In L. Hawk (ed.),

Physiological chemistry, 14th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA, 434-435.

[215] Oyeleke, S. B., A. A. Oduwole., 2009, Production of amylase by bacteria isolated

from a cassava waste dumpsite in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. African Journal of

Microbiology Research, 3 (4), 143-146.

[216] Pancha, I., D. Jain., A. Shriv astav., S. K. Mishra., B. Shethiaa., S. Mishra., V.P.

Mohandas, B. Jha., 2010, A thermoactive α-amylase from a Bacillus sp. isolated from

CSMCRI salt farm International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47, 288–291.

[217] Pandey. A., 2006, α-Amylases from Microbial Sources – An Overview on Recent

Developments Food Technol. Biotechnol. 44 (2), 173–184.

[218] Prescott. L., J. Harley., D. Klein., 2005. Microbiology, 6th ed.

[219] Pandey, A., C.R. Soccol., D. Mitchell., 2000, New developments in solid state

fermentation: Bioprocesses and products, Process Bioch, 35, 1153.

REFERENCES


[220] Pandey, A., P. Nigam, C.R. Soccol, V.T. Soccol, D. Singh, R. Mohan., 2000,

Advances in microbial amylases (review article), Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem, 31,

135–152.

[221] Patel, A. K., K.M .Nampoothiri., S. Ramachandran., G. Szakacs., A. Pandey., 2005,

Partial purification and characterization of a-amylase produced by Aspergillus oryzae

using spent brewing grains, Indian J. Biotechnol, 4,336–342.

[222] Payan, F., 2004, Structural basis for the inhibition of mammalian and insect alpha-

amylases by plant protein inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta,1696, 171-180.

[223] Peinado, M.A., S. Malkhosyan., A. Velaquez., M. Perucho., 1992, Isolation and

characterization of allelic losses and gains in colorectal tumors by arbitrarily primed

polymerase chain reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10065–10069.

[224] Pfeiffer, J., 1954, Enzymes, The Physics and Chemistry of Life, 171-173, Simon and

Schuster, NY.

[225] Pfueller, S.L., W.H. Elliott., 1969, The extracellular a-amylase of Bacillus

stearothermophilus. J Biol Chem, 244,48.

[226] Priest, F.G., R.J. Sharp., 1989, Fermentation of bacilli. In Fermentation process

development of industrial organisms, 73.

[227] Raghunathachari, P., Khanna, V. K., Singh, U. S., Singh, N. K., 2000, RAPD

analysis of genetic variability in Indian scented rice germplasm (Oryza sativa

L.).Current Science, 79, 7.

[228] Ramachandran, S., A. K. Patel., K. M. Nampoothiri., F. Francis., V. Nagy., G.

Szakacs., A. Pandey., 2004, Coconut oil cake-a potential raw material for the

production of α-amylase. Bioresour Technol., 93(2), 169-174.

REFERENCES


[229] Ramamurthy, V., S.P. Thacker., R. M. Kothari., 1992, Optimized protocol for the

pilot-scale preparation of fungal cellulase. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 9, 121-

125.

[230] Ramesh, M.V., B.K. Lonsane., 1987, A novel bacterial thermostable alpha amylase

system produced under solid-state fermentation, Biotechnol. Lett. 9, 501–504.

[231] Ranish, J., 2007, Insitute of Systems Biology. Hahn Lab, Methods, Acetone

precipitation.

[232] Rasiah I.A., B.H. Rehm., 2009, One-step production of immobilized alpha-amylase in

recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 75(7), 2012-2016.

[233] Reddy, P.R., B. Ramesh., S. Mrudula., 2003, Optimization of nutrient levels using

response surface methodology, Process Bioch, 39, 26.

[234] Reddy, C. A., 2007, Methods for general and molecular microbiology, 3rd Ed. ASM

Press, Washington, DC.

[235] Reller, L. B., S. Mirrett., 1975, Motility-indole-lysine medium for presumptive

identification of enteric pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae. J. Clin.Microbiol. 2, 247–

252.

[236] Reynolds, J., 2011, Fall, Richland College, BIOL 2420.

[237] Robyt, J., R.J. Ackerman., 1971, Isolation, purification and characterization of a

maltotetraose producing amylase from Pseudomonas stutzeri. Arch Biochem

Biophys, 145, 105-114.

[238] Rodríguez, V. B., E. J. Alameda., J. F. M. Gallegos, A. R. Requena, A. I. G. López.,

J. M. S. Cabral., P. Fernandes., L. Joaquim., P. da. Fonseca., 2006, Modification of

REFERENCES


the activity of an α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis by several surfactants

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ,9(5).

[239] Safarikova, M., I. Roy., M.N. Gupta., I. Safarik., 2003, Magnetic alginate

microparticles for purification of α-amylases, J. Biotechnol.105, 255–260.

[240] Sahnoun, M., S. Bejar, A. Sayaria, M. A. Triki. , M. Kriaa., R. Kammoun., 2012,

Production, purification and characterization of two alpha amylase isoforms from a

newly isolated Aspergillus Oryzae strain S2 Process Biochemistry, 47, 18–25.

[241] Saito, N.A., 1973, Thermophilic extracellular a-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis.

Arch Biochem Biophys, 155, 290-298.

[242] Sajedi, R., H. Naderi-Manesh., K. Khajeh., R. Ahmadvand., B. Ranjbar., A.

Asoodeh., F. Moradian., 2005, A Ca-independent α-amylase that is active and stable

at low pH from the Bacillus sp. KR-8104. Enz. Microbial Technol, 36, 666-671.

[243] Sambrock, J., E. F. Fritsch., T. Maniatis., 1989, Molecular cloning: a laboratory

manual (2nd ed.). Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

press.

[244] Sarikaya, E., B. Mikami., 2001, Purification and crystallization of a-amylases from

mucoid and non-mucoid B. amyloliquefaciens strains Journal of Crystal Growth 232,

418–420.

[245] Sarikaya, E., T. Higasa., M. Adachi., B. Mikami., 2000, Comparison of degradation

abilities of a- and b-amylases on raw starch granules Process Biochemistry 35, 711–

715.

[246] Savva, D., 1996, DNA fingerprinrting as a biomarker assay in ecotoxicology.

Toxicol. Ecotoxicol. News Rev. 3, 110–114.

REFERENCES


[247] Shah, N., B. C, Bhattacharyya., 1990, Strain improvement: mutagenesis and random

screening procedure for Rhizopus oryzae IIT KG-1, Proceeding of International

Symposium on Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Osmania

Univ., Hyderabad.

[248] Shah, N.K., P.N. Nehete., V.D. Shah., R.M. Kothari., 1989,Isolation of a stable and

high yielding α-amylase mutant of Bacillus subtilis Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 67-

74.

[249] Sharma, A., T. Satyanarayana., 2011 Optimization of medium components and

cultural variables for enhanced production of acidic high maltose-forming and Ca2+-

independent α-amylase by Bacillus acidicola Journal of Bioscience and

Bioengineering, 111 (5), 550–553.

[250] Sharma, S., A. Malik., S. Satya., 2009, Application of response surface methodology

(RSM) for optimization of nutrient supplementation for Cr (VI) removal by

Aspergillus lentulus AML05 Journal of Hazardous Materials,164, 1198–1204.

[251] Shazia. M., T. Iftikhar., I. U. Haq, 2011, Enhanced Amyloglucosidase Biosynthesis

Through Mutagenesis Using Aspergillus Niger Pak. J. Bot, 43(1) 111-119.

[252] Shimada, A., A. Shima., 1998, Combination of genomic DNA fingerprinting into the

medaka specific-locus test system for studying environmental germ-line mutagenesis.

Mutat. Res, 399, 149–165.

[253] Shekarchizadeha, H., M. Kadivar., H. S. Ghaziaskara., M. Rezayat., 2009,

Optimization of enzymatic synthesis of cocoa butter analog from camel hump fat in

supercritical carbon dioxide by response surface method (RSM). J. of Supercritical

Fluids, 49, 209–215.

REFERENCES


[254] Shokuhfar, S.M.R. Khalili., F. A. Ghasemi., K. Malekzadeh., S. Raissi., 2008,

Analysis and optimization of smart hybrid composite plates subjected to low-velocity

impact using the response surface methodology (RSM) Thin-Walled Structures 46,

1204– 1212.

[255] Sierecka, J.K., 1998, Purification and partial characterization of a neutral protease

from a virulent strain of Bacillus cereus. The International Journal of Biochemistry &

Cell Biology 30, 579-595.

[256] Silva, C. J. S. M., I. C. Roberto., 2001, Optimization of xylitol production by Candida

guilliermondii FTI 20037 using response surface methodology. Process Biochem, 36,

1119–1124.

[257] Silverthorn., D. Unglaub., 2004, Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach.

Addison- Wesley Publishing.

[258] Sivaramakrishnan, S., D. Gangadharan., K.M. Nampoothiri., C.R. Soccol., A.

Pandey., 2006, α- Amylase from microbial sources - an overview on recent

developments. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 44, 173-184.

[259] Sodhi, H.K., K. Sharma., J. K. Gupta., S. K. Soni., 2005, Production of a

thermostable α-amylase from Bacillus sp. PS-7 by solid state fermentation and its

synergistic use in the hydrolysis of malt starch for alcohol production Process

Biochemistry 40,525–534.

[260] Soni, S. K., A. Kaur., J. K. Gupta., 2003, A solid state fermentation based bacterial a-

amylase and fungal glucoamylase system and its suitability for the hydrolysis of

wheat starch. Process Biochemistry, 39,185-192.

REFERENCES


[261] Sorensen, J.F., K.M. Kragh., O. Sibbesen, J. Delcour, H. Goesaert, B. Svensson, T.A.

Tahir, , J. Brufau A.M Perez-Vendrell,. D. Bellincampi, R. D'Ovidio, L Camardella,.

A.Giovane, E. Bonnin, N. Juge, 2004, Potential role of glycosidase inhibitors in

industrial biotechnological applications. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1696, 275-287.

[262] Stanier R.Y., M. Doudoroff., E.A. Adelberg., 1963, The microbial world, 2nd ed.

Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

[263] Sun, H., P. Zhao. Ge., Y. Xia., Z .Hao., J. Liu., M. Peng., 2010, Recent advances in

microbial raw starch degrading enzymes. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, 160, 988-1003.

[264] Suman, S., K. Ramesh., 2010, Production of a thermostable extracellular amylase

from thermophilic Bacillus species.Pharm. Sci. & Res, 2(3), 149-154.

[265] Syu. M. J., Y.H. Chen., 1997, A study on the α-amylase fermentation performed by

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Chemical Engineering Journal, 65, 237-247.

[266] Tanaka. A., E. Hoshin., 2002, Thermodynamic and Activation Parameters for the

Hydrolysis of Amylose with Bacillus α-Amylases in a Diluted Anionic Surfactant

Solution Journal of Bioscience and engineering, 93, 485-490.

[267] Tang, J., Z. Zeng, H. Wang., T. Yang., P. Zhang., Y. Li., A. Zhang., W. Fan., Y.

Zhang., X.Yang., S. Zhao., G. Tian, Li. Zou., 2008, An effective method for isolation

of DNA from pig faeces and comparison of five different methods Journal of

Microbiological Methods, 75, 432–436.

[268] Tayeb, EI. O., A. Hashem., F. Mohammad., M. Aboulwafa., 2007, Optimization of

the industrial production of bacterial alpha amylase in Egypt. Strain selection and

improvement. Proc. 10th Conf. Appl. Microbial.12-14, 419-438.

REFERENCES


[269] Tanyildizi, M.S., D. Ozer, M. Elibol, 2005, Optimization of α-amylase production by

Bacillus sp. using response surface methodology, Process Biochem. 40, 2291–2296.

[270] Tanyilidizi, M.S., D. Ozer., M. Elibol., 2007, Production of bacterial α-amylase by B.

amyloliquefaciens under solid substrate fermentation in Biochemical Engineering

Journal, 37, 294–297.

[271] Tanyildizi, M. S., D. Ozer ., 2011, An Investigation of α-Amylase Production in Semi

Solid Substrate Fermentation by Using Corn Bran with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

.Turkish Journal of Science & Technology , 6(1), 47-52.

[272] Teodoro, C. E. D., M. L. L. Martin., 2000, Culture conditions for the production of

thermostable amylase by Bacillus sp. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 31, 298–

302.

[273] Tester, R.F., J. Karkalas., X. Qi., 2004, Starch-composition, fine structure and

architecture. J. Cereal Sci, 39, 151-165.

[274] Thakuria, D., O. Schmidt., M. M. Siurtain., D. Egan., F. M. Doohan., 2008,

Importance of DNA quality in comparative soil microbial community structure

analyses. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 40, 1390–1403.

[275] Thippeswamy, S., K. Girigowda., H.V. Mulimami., 2006, Isolation and identification

of α- amylase producing Bacillus sp. from dhal industry waste. Indian J. Biochem.

Biophys, 43(5), 295-298.

[276] Tolan, J.S., 1996, Pulp and paper. In: Godfrey T, West S, editors. Industrial

enzymology, 2nd ed. New York: Stockton Press, 327-338.

REFERENCES


[277] Tsuru, D., 1962, Inhibitory effect of glycine on the production of amylase and

proteinase by Bacillus subtilis. I. Effect of glycine and glycine derivatives on the

enzyme production by washed cells. Agric. Biol. Chem. 26,288-294.

[278] Ulger, C., C. Curakoglu, 2001, Alpha amylase production by bacillus subtilis and B

amyloliquefaciens in different PEG solutions. World J. Microbial .Biotechnol, 17, 93-

94.

[279] Uhling, H., 1988, Industrial enzymes and their applications. Translated and update by

Elfried M. Linsmaier-bednar, Ph.D. New York.

[280] Underkofler, L.A., R .R Barton., S .S Rennet, 1957, Production of microbial

enzymes and their application. Microbial Progress Report, 212 – 221.

[281] Unglaub, D., 2004, Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. Addison- Wesley

Publishing.

[282] Van der Maarel, M.J.E.C. B. van der Veen, J.C.M. Uitdehaag., H. Leemhuis., L.

Dijkhuizen., 2002, Properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the a-

amylase family, J. Biotechnol, 94, 137–155.

[283] Van Ee, J. H., W.C. Van Rijswijk., M. Bollier., 1992, Enzymatic automated dishwash

detergents. Chim Oggi, 10, 21-24.

[284] Vanijajiva, O., P. Sirirugsa., W. Suvachittanont., 2005, Confirmation of relationships

among Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) and related genera by RAPD Biochemical

Systematics and Ecology ,33 , 159–170.

[285] Vega- Villasante, F., H. Nolasco., R. Civera., 1993, The digestive enzymes of the

pacific brown shrimp Penaeus californienis: I – properties of amylase activity in the

digestive tract. Compre. Biochem. Physiol, 106, 547-550.

REFERENCES


[286] Venter G., 1998, Non-dimensional response surfaces for structural optimization with

uncertainty. Ph.D. thesis. USA, University of Florida.

[287] Via, L. E., J. O. Falkinham., 1995, Comparison of methods for isolation of

Mycobacterium avium complex DNA for use in PCR and RAPD fingerprinting

Journal of Microbiological Methods 21 ,151-161

[288] Vidyalakshmi, R., R. Paranthaman., J. Indhumathi., 2009, Amylase Production on

Submerged Fermentation by Bacillus spp, World Journal of Chemistry 4 (1), 89-91.

[289] Vihinen, M., P. Mantasala., 1989, Microbial amylolytic enzymes. Crit. Rev.

Biochem. Mol. Biol, 24, 329–418.

[290] Vitali R., 2000, Response surface methods for high dimensional structural design

problems. Ph.D. thesis. USA, University of Florida.

[291] Wanderley, K. J., F. Torres., L.M.P. Moraes, C.J. Ulhoa, 2004, Biochemical

characterization of α-amylase from the yeast Cryptococcus flavus FEMS

Microbiology Letters 231, 165-169.

[292] Wang, R., P. Chen., F. Jia., J. Tang., F. Ma., 2012, Macromolecules Optimization of

polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer by RSM and its anti-oxidant

activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 50, 331– 336.

[293] Welsh, J., M. Mc Clelland., 1990, Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary

primers. Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 7213–7218.

[294] Wheelis, M., 2008, Principles of modern microbiology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers,

Inc., Sudbury, MA.

REFERENCES


[295] White, J.W., H. Neuwirth, C.D Miller., E.L. Schneider., 1990, DNA alterations in

prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia: detection by DNA

fingerprint analyses. Mutat. Res. 237, 37–43.

[296] Williams, J.G.K., A.R. Kubelic., K.J. Livak., J.A. Rafalski., S.V. Tingey., 1990, DNA

polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic

Acid Res, 18, 6531–6535.

[297] Williams, J. G. K., M.K. Hanafy, J.A. Rafalski and S.V. Tingey, 1993, Genetic

analysis using RAPD markers. Meth. Enzymo, 218: 704–40

[298] Wilson, K., 1987, Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria. In: Current Protocols

in Molecular Biology (Ausubel, F.M., Brent, R., Kingston, R.E., Moore, D.D.,

Seidman, J.G., Smith, J.A. and Struhl, K., eds.), 2.4.5, John Wiley and Sons, New

York.

[299] Windish, W.W., N.S. Mhatre., 1965, Microbial amylases, Appl. Microbial, 7, 273.

[300] Whitcomb, D.C., M.E. Lowe., 2007, Human pancreatic digestive enzymes. Dig Dis

Sci 52, 1-17.

[301] Ye, Y.M., J.W. Zhang., G.G. Ning., M.Z. Bao., 2008, A comparative analysis of the

genetic diversity between inbred lines of Zinnia elegans using morphological traits

and RAPD and ISSR markers. Scientia Horticulture 118, 1–7.

[302] Yingbo. D., H. Lin., H. Wang., Xiaolan. Mo., K. Fu., H. Wen., 2011, Effects of

ultraviolet irradiation on bacteria mutation and bioleaching of low-grade copper

tailings Minerals Engineering 24, 870–875.

[303] Zar, M. S., S. Ali., I. Ul. Haq., 2012, Optimization of the alpha amylase production

from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IIB-14 via parameter significance analysis and

REFERENCES


response surface methodology. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(17),

3845-3855.

[304] Zhang, Y. J., Q. Li, Y.X. Zhang., D. Wang., J. Xing., 2012, Optimization of succinic

acid fermentation with Actinobacillus succinogenes by response surface methodology

(RSM) Biomed & Biotechnol 13(2), 103-110.

Documents

REFERENCES Dept. of Biotechnology, JJTU, Jhunjhunu