Upload
others
View
17
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
References Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division. 1991. Alberta’s threatened wildlife: northern leopard frog. Alberta Fish and Wildlife
Division, Nongame Management Program, Edmonton, Alberta. Alford RA, Harris RN. 1988. Effects of larval growth history on anuran metamorphosis. American Naturalist 131:91-106. Alvarez G, Caldwell CA, Kruse CG. 2017. Effects of CFT Legumine (5% rotenone) on tadpole survival and metamorphosis of
Chiricahua leopard frogs Lithobates chiricahuensis, northern leopard frogs L. pipiens, and American bullfrogs L. catesbeianus. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 146(3):512-22.
Anderson AM, Haukos DA, Anderson JT. 1999. Biology composition of three anurans from the Playa Wetlands of Northwest Texas. Copeia, pp.515-520.
Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2006. Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis). Unpublished abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data
Ashpole S, Bishop CA, Elliott JE. 2014. Clutch Size in the Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana), South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist 95(1):35-40.
Avise JC, Saunders NC. 1984. Hybridization and introgression among species of sunfish (Lepomis): analysis by mitochondrial DNA and allozyme markers. Genetics, 108(1), p.237.
Axtell RW, Haskell N. 1977. An interhiatal population of Pseudacris streckeri from Illinois, with an assessment of its postglacial dispersion history. Nat. Hist. Misc. Chicago Acad. Sci. (202): l-8.
Baird SF. 1849 (1850). Descriptions of four new species of salamanders and one new species of skink. Journal of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Series 2, 1:292–294.
Baird SF. 1850. Revision of the North American tailed batrachia, with description of new genera and species. Journal of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Series 2, 1:281–292.
Baird SF. 1854. Diagnostics of new genera and species of North American frogs. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7:59–62.
Baird SF 1859. Reptiles of the boundary, with notes by the naturalists of the survey. In Report of the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Under the Order of Lieut. Col. W.H. Emory, Major First Cavalry, and United States Commissioner. Volume 2, Part II, Reptiles: 1–35. Washington, D.C., Department of the Interior.
Baird SF., Girard C. 1852. Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Third part. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6: 173.
Baker RH. 1942. The bullfrog, a Texas wildlife resource. Texas Game Fish Oyster Commission Bulletin 23, Austin, Texas. Ballinger RE 1966. Natural hybridization of the toads Bufo woodhousei and Bufo speciosus. Copeia 1966:366–368. Ballinger RE, McKinney CO 1966. Developmental temperature tolerance of certain anuran species. Journal of Experimental
Zoology 161:21–28 Barber PH. Phylogeography of the canyon treefrog, Hyla arenicolor (Cope) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data.
Molecular Ecology. 1999 Apr;8(4):547-62. Bartlett RD, Bartlett PP. 2009. Guide and Reference to the Amphibians of Western North America (North of Mexico) and
Hawaii. University Press of Florida, 2009. Baxter GT, Stone MD. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Cheyenne, WY.
Bulletin 16. Behler JL. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New
York. Behler JL, King FW. 1992. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf. Berger L., Speare R, Daszak P, Green DE, Cunningham AA, Goggin CL, Slocombe R, Raga MA, Hyatt AD, McDonald KR,
Hines HB, Lips KR, Marantelli G, Parkes H. 1998. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95:9031–9036.
Bezy RL, Sherbrooke WC, Lowe CH. 1966. The rediscovery of Eleutherodactylus augusti in Arizona. Herpetologica 22:221–225.
Bishop CA., Pettit KE, Gartshor ME, Macleod DA. 1997. Extensive monitoring of anuran populations using call counts and road transects in Ontario (1992 to 1993). Pp. 149–160. In Green, D.M. (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian
Studies of a Global Problem. Herpetological Conservation, Number 1, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
Bishop SC. 1942. An older name for a recently described salamander. Copeia 194. Black JH. 1969a. The frog genus Rana in Montana. Northwest Science 43:191–195. Black JH. 1969b. A cave dwelling population of Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium in Oklahoma. Journal of Herpetology
3:183–184. Black JH. 1970. Amphibians of Montana. Montana Wildlife, Animals of Montana, Series 1, 1-32. Black JH, Sievert G. 1989.A field guide to amphibians of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Dept. Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma
City. Blair AP. 1957. Amphibians, p. 211-271. In WF Blair et al. Vertebrates of the United States, McGraw-Hill, New York. Blair AP. 1968. Amphibians, Pages 167-212. In W. Frank Blair et al. Vertebrates of the United States, 2nd Edition, McGraw
Hill, New York. Blair WF. 1955. Differentiation of mating calls in spadefoots, genus Scaphiopus. Texas Journal of Science 7:183–188. Blair WF. 1955. Mating call and stage of speciation in the Microhyla olivacea-M. carolinensis complex. Evolution 9: 469-480. Blair WF. 1961a. Calling and spawning seasons in a mixed population of anurans. Ecology 42:99–110. Boeing WJ, Griffis-Kyle KL, Jungels JM 2014. Anuran habitat associations in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, USA. Journal
of Herpetology 48(1):103-10. Bogert CM. 1960. The influence of sound on the behaviour of amphibians and reptiles. Pp. 137–320. In Lanyon, W.E. and
W.N. Tavolga (Eds.). Animal Sounds and Communication. American Institute of Biological Science, Publication Number 7, Washington, D.C.
Bogert CM 1962. Isolation mechanisms in toads of the Bufo debilis group in Arizona and western Mexico. American Museum Novitates 2100: 1–37.
Böhm M, Collen B, Baillie JE, Bowles P, Chanson J, Cox N, Hammerson G, Hoffmann M, Livingstone SR, Ram M, Rhodin
AG. 2013. The conservation status of the world’s reptiles. Biological Conservation 157:372-85. Bonine K, Edwards T, Schirmer C, Fillinger J, Ratzlaff K. 2008. Distribution and Phylogeography of the Canyon Treefrog
(Hyla arenicolor) in the Rincon Mountains, Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 21(10):107. Bonine KE, Dayton GH, Jung RE. 2001. Attempted predation of Couch's spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii) juveniles by ants
(Aphaenogaster cockerelli). The Southwestern Naturalist 46(1):104-6. Bossuyt F, Brown RM, Hillis DM, Cannatella DC, Milinkovitch MC. 2006. Phylogeny and biogeography of a cosmopolitan
frog radiation: Late Cretaceous diversification resulted in continent-scale endemism in the family Ranidae. Systematic Biology. 2006 Aug 1;55(4):579-94.
Boulenger GA. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. London: Taylor and Francis.
Boulenger GA 1883. Reptilia and Batrachia (1882). Zoological Record 19: 1–28. Boulenger GA. 1886. First report on additions to the batrachian collection in the Natural History Museum. Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 3:411-416. Bradford DF, Jaeger JR, Jennings RD. 2004. Population status and distribution of a decimated amphibian, the relict leopard
frog (Rana onca). Southwestern Naturalist 2004:218-228. Bradford DF. 2002. Amphibian declines and environmental change in the Eastern Mojave Desert. In Conference
proceedings: Spring-fed wetlands: Important scientific and cultural resources of the intermountain region. http://www. wetlands. dri. edu 2002.
Bradford DF, Jennings RD, Jaeger JR. 2005. Rana onca Cope, 1875(b); relict leopard frog. In: Lannoo, M.J. (ed.), Status and Conservation of U.S. Amphibians, pp. 567-568. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Bragg AN 1937a. A note on the metamorphosis of the tadpoles of Bufo cognatus. Copeia 1937:227–228. Bragg AN 1937b. Observations on Bufo cognatus with special reference to the breeding habits and eggs. American Midland
Naturalist 18:273–284. Bragg AN 1940a. Observations on the ecology and natural history of Anura. I. Habits, habitat and breeding of Bufo
cognatus Say. American Naturalist 74:322–349, 424–438. Bragg AN 1940b. Observations on the ecology and natural history of Anura. II. Habits, habitat, and breeding of Bufo
woodhousii woodhousii (Girard) in Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 24:306–321. Bragg AN. 1944. The spadefoot toads in Oklahoma with our summary of our knowledge of the group. American Naturalist,
78, 517-533.
Bragg AN. 1945. The spadefoot toads in Oklahoma with a summary of our knowledge of the group. II. American Naturalist 79:52–72.
Bragg AN. 1946. Aggregation with cannibalism in tadpoles of Scaphiopus bombifrons with some general remarks on the probable evolutionary significance of such phenomena. Herpetologica, 3(3), pp.89-97.
Bragg AN. 1949. Observations on the narrow-mouthed salamander. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 29:21–24.
Bragg, A.N. 1950. The identification of Salientia in Oklahoma. Pp. 9–34. In Bragg, A.N., A.O. Weese, H.A. Dundee, H.T. Fisher, A. Richards and C.B. Clard (Eds.), Researches on the Amphibia of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma.
Bragg AN. 1961. A theory of the origin of spade-footed toads deduced principally by a study of their habits. Animal Behaviour, 9, 178-186.
Bragg AN. 1965. Gnomes of the Night: the Spadefoot Toads. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA Bragg AN. 1965. The spadefoot toads in Oklahoma with our summary of our knowledge of the group: II. American
Naturalist, 79, 52-72. Bragg AN. 1967. Recent studies on spadefoot toads. Bios, 38, 75-84. Bragg AN, Brooks M 1958. Social behavior in juveniles of Bufo cognatus Say. Herpetologica 14:141–147. Bragg, A. N., and O. Sanders. 1951. A new subspecies of the Bufo woodhousii group of toads (Salientia: Bufonidae).
Wasmann Journal of Biology. San Francisco 9: 363–378. Breckenridge WJ. 1944. Reptiles and Amphibians of Minnesota. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Brennan TC, Holycross AT. 2006. A Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department.
Phoenix, AZ. Brocchi MP. 1882. Étude des Batraciens de l’Amérique Centrale. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l’Amérique
Centrale. Recherches Zoologiques, part 3, section 2:1–122. Brocchi P. 1877. Sur quelques Batraciens Raniformes et Bufoniformes d l’Amérique Centrale. Bulletin de la Société
Philomathique de Paris Série 7, 1:175–197. Brocchi P. 1879. Sur divers batraciens anoures de l’Amérique Centrale. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris. Series
7, 3: 19–24. Brown HA. 1976. The status of California and Arizona populations of the Western Spadefoot Toads (genus Scaphiopus).
Contributions in Science. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 286: 1–15. Brown LE 1992. Rana blairi Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown, and Brown, Plains Leopard Frog. SSAR Catalogue of
American Amphibians and Reptiles 536.1-6. Bruneau M, Magnin E. 1980. Croissance, nutrition, et reproduction des ovaovarons Rana catesbeiana Shaw (Amphibia Anura)
des Laurentides au nord de Montreal. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58:175–183. Brunner JL, Storfer A, Gray MJ, Hoverman JT. 2015. Ranavirus ecology and evolution: from epidemiology to extinction. Pages
71-104 in Ranaviruses. Springer. Buchholz DR, Hayes TB. 2000. Larval period comparison for the spadefoot toads Scaphiopus couchii and Spea multiplicata
(Pelobatidae: Anura). Herpetologica, pp.455-468. Buchli GL. 1969. Distribution, food and life history of tiger salamanders in Devil's Lake, North Dakota. Master's thesis.
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Burggren WW, Feder ME, Pinder AW. 1983. Temperature and the balance between aerial and aquatic respiration in larvae
of Rana berlandieri and Rana catesbeiana. Physiological Zoology 56:263–273. Bursey CR, DeWolf WF. 1998. Helminths of the frogs, Rana catesbeiana, Rana clamitans, and Rana palustris, from
Coshocton County, Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science 98:28–29. Bursey CR, Goldberg SR. 2001. Falcaustra lowei n. sp. and other helminths from the Tarahumara frog, Rana
tarahumarae (Anura: Ranidae), from Sonora, Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 87:340–344. Bury RB, Whelan JA. 1984. Ecology and management of the bullfrog. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication
Number 155, Washington, D.C. Caldwell J, Glass G. 1976. Vertebrates of the Woodson County State Fishing Lake and Game Management Area, p. 62-76. In
Preliminary inventory of the biota of Woodson County State Fishing Lake and Game Management Area. Report St. Biol. Surv. Kansas.
Calfee RD, Little EE. 2017. Toxicity of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc to the Threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates [Rana] chiricahuensis). Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 99(6):679-83.
Camp CL 1915. Batrachoseps major and Bufo cognatus californicus, new Amphibia from southern California. University of California Publications in Zoology 12: 327–334.
Cassells M. 1970. Another predator of the cane toad. Journal of the North Queensland Naturalists’ Club, 37:6. Casper GS. 1996. Geographic distributions of the amphibians and reptiles of Wisconsin—An interim report of the
Wisconsin Herpetological Atlas project. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Casper GS. 1997. Recent amphibian and reptile distribution records for Wisconsin. Herpetological Review 28:214–216. Casper GS. 1998. Review of the status of Wisconsin amphibians. Pp. 199–205. In Lannoo, M.J. (Ed.), Status and
Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa. Casper GS, Hendricks R. 2005. Rana catesbeiana. Bullfrog, American Bullfrog. Pages 540-546 In: Lannoo ed. Amphibian
Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press. Cecil SG, Just JJ. 1979. Survival rate, population density and development of a naturally occurring anuran larvae (Rana
catesbeiana). Copeia 1979:447–453. Cei JM, Erspamer V, Rosenghini M 1968. Taxonomic and evolutionary significance of biogenic amine and polypeptides in
amphibian skin. II. Toads of the genera Bufo and Melanophyrniscus. Systematic Zoology 17:232–245. Chen J, Bever GS, Yi HY, Norell MA. 2016. A burrowing frog from the late Paleocene of Mongolia uncovers a deep history
of spadefoot toads (Pelobatoidea) in East Asia. Scientific reports. 6:19209. Chrapliwy PS, Malnate EV. 1961. The systematic status of the spadefoot toad Spea laticeps Cope. Texas Journal of Science
13(2):160-162. Chrapliwy PS, Williams KL, Smith HM. 1961. Noteworthy records of amphibians from Mexico. Herpetologica 17: 85–90. Christiansen JL, Feltman H. 2018. A relationship between trematode metacercariae and bullfrog limb abnormalities. Journal
of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS. 2000;107(3-4):79-85. Christman BL, Jennings RD 2018. Distribution of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in
New Mexico. Draft Report to State of New Mexico. Christman BL, Jennings RD. 2018. Distribution of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in
New Mexico. Draft report to New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Share with Wildlife Program. Chunco AJ. 2014. Hybridization in a warmer world. Ecology and Evolution. 4:2019-31. Chunco AJ, Jobe T, Pfennig KS, 2012. Why do species co-occur? A test of alternative hypotheses describing abiotic
differences in sympatry versus allopatry using spadefoot toads. PLoS One, 7(3), p.e32748. Clarkson RW, Rorabaugh JC. 1989. Status of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex: Ranidae) in Arizona and southeastern
California. The Southwestern Naturalist, 34:531–538. Claunch NM, Denton R, Holding M, Taylor E, Mullin SJ. 2018. Scaphiopus couchii (Couch's Spadefoot Toad). Predation.
Herpetological Review 49:312-313. Cochran DM 1961 Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the U.S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States
National Museum 220: xv + 289. Collins JP 1981. Distribution, habitats, and life history variation in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, in east-central
and southern Arizona. Copeia 1981:666-675 Collins JT. (1982). Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas, 2nd Edition. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History,
Lawrence, KS. Collins, J. T. 1997. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. Fourth
edition. Herpetological Circular 25: 1–40. Conant R, Collins JT 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern/Central North America. Houghton Mifflin,
Boston. Conlon JM, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, King JD. 2010. Primary structures of skin antimicrobial
peptides indicate a close, but not conspecific, phylogenetic relationship between the leopard frogs Lithobates onca and Lithobates yavapaiensis (Ranidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 151(3):313-7.
Conlon JM, Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Leprince J, Vaudry H, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, King JD. 2011. Characterization of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions from discrete populations of Lithobates chiricahuensis (Ranidae) from central and southern Arizona. Peptides. 2011 Apr 1;32(4):664-9.
Cooper SL, Peterson CR. 1994. Idaho State University. Annual Technical Report: April 11-December 31, 1994.:83. Cope ED 1862 Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Vermejo and Uraguay
Rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U.S.N.; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U.S. Top. Eng., Commander of
the expedition conducting the survey of the Atrato River. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 346–359.
Cope ED 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Vermejo and Uruguay Rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U.S.N.; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U.S. Top. Eng., Commander of the expedition conducting the survey of the Atrato River. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 346–359.
Cope ED 1863. On Trachycephalus, Scaphiopus and other Batrachia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15: 43–54.
Cope ED 1879. A contribution to the zoology of Montana. American Naturalist 13: 437. Cope ED 1886. Synonymic list of the North American species of Bufo and Rana, with descriptions of some new species of
Batrachia, from specimens in the National Museum. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 23: 514–526.
Cope ED. 1866. On the Reptilia and Batrachia of the Sonoran Province of the Nearctic Region. Proceedings of the. Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia 18(4): 280-336.
Cope ED. 1866b. On the structures and distribution of the genera of the arciferous Anura. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Series 2, 6: 67–112.
Cope ED 1889. Batrachia of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 34: 5–525. Cope ED. 1867 "1866". On the Reptilia and Batrachia of the Sonoran Province of the Nearctic Region. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 300–314. Cope ED. 1868 "1867". A review of the species of the Ambystomidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia 19: 166–211. and southeast Arizona. Cope ED. 1875. Checklist of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay
on geographical distribution. United States National Museum Bulletin (I): +104. Cope ED. 1878. A Texan cliff frog. American Naturalist 12:186. Cope ED. 1880. On the zoological position of Texas. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 17: 1–51. Cope ED. 1883. Notes on the geographical distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia in western North America. Proceedings of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 35: 10–35. Cope ED. 1889. Batrachia of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 34: 5–525. Cope ED. 1893. On a new spadefoot from Texas. American Naturalist 27 (314) :155—156. Corn PS, Fogleman JC. 1984. Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado.
Journal of Herpetology 18:147–152. Corn, P.S. and L.J. Livo. 1989. Leopard frog and wood frog reproduction in Colorado and Wyoming. Northwestern
Naturalist 70:1–9. Cracraft J. 1989. Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding
patterns and processes of differentiation. Speciation and its Consequences. 28:59. Crawford AJ, Smith EN. 2005. Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America
(Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 536–555.
Crawford JA, Brown LE, Painter CW. 2005. Rana blairi Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown and Brown, 1973 Plains Leopard Frog. Pages 532-534 in: Lannoo M (ed) Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species, University of California Press.
Crawshaw GJ. 1992. The role of disease in amphibian decline. Pp. 60–62. In Bishop, C.A. and K.E. Pettit (Eds.), Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy. Canadian Wildlife Service, Occasional Paper, Number 76, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Crawshaw GJ. 1997. Disease in Canadian amphibian populations. Pp. 258–270. In Green, D.M. (Ed.), Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. Herpetological Conservation, Number 1, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
Crawshaw LI, Rausch RN, Wollmuth LP, Bauer EJ. 1992. Seasonal rhythms of development and temperature selection in larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Physiological Zoology 65:346–359.
Crayon JJ. 1997. The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) on Edwards AFB: Implications for wildlife. Unpublished report to the Environmental Management Division, Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Creusere, F.M. and W.G. Whitford. 1976. Ecological relationships in a desert anuran community. Herpetologica 32:7–18. Crother BI. (ed.). 2008. Scientific and Common Names for Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of México.
Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular No. 37:1-84. Crowder WC, Nie M, Ultsch GR. 1988. Oxygen uptake in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). Journal of Experimental
Zoology 280(2):121-34. Currie W. and E.D. Bellis. 1969. Home range and movements of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, in an Ontario pond.
Copeia 1969:688–692. Curtis K, Padian K. 1999. An Early Jurassic microvertebrate fauna from the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona:
microfaunal change across the Triassic - Jurassic boundary. PaleoBios 19:1937. Czaplewski NJ, Mead JI, Bell CJ, Peachey WD, and Ku T-L. 1999. Papago Springs Cave revisited, part II: vertebrate
paleofauna: Occasional Papers of the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, v. 5, p. 1-41. Davidson C. 1995. Booklet to the CD Frog and Toad Calls of the Pacific Coast - Vanishing Voices. Cornell Laboratory of
Ornithology, 1995. Davis MS. 1987. Acoustically mediated neighbor recognition in the North American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Behavioral
Ecology and Sociobiology 21:185–190. Dayton GH, Fitzgerald LA. 2001. Competition, predation, and the distributions of four desert anurans. Oecologia
129(3):430-5. Dayton GH, Jung RE. 1999. Scaphiopus couchii (Couch's spadefoot). Predation. Herpetological Review 30(3):164. Dayton GH, Wapo SD. 2002. Cannibalistic behavior in Scaphiopus couchii: more evidence for larval anuran oophagy.
Journal of Herpetology 36(3):531-3. De Jong Westman A, Elliott J, Cheng K, van Aggelen G, Bishop CA. 2010. Effects of environmentally relevant
concentrations of endosulfan, azinphosmethyl, and diazinon on Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29(7):1604-12.
Degenhardt WG, Painter CW, Price AH. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Desor E. 1870. Communique encore quelques details sur les metamorphoses du Sirenodon. Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles 8: 266–269
Desser SS. 1992. Ultrastructural observations on an icosahedral cytoplasmic virus in leukocytes of frogs from Algonquin Park, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:833–836.
Dickerson, M.C. 1906. The Frog Book. Doubleday, Doran, and Company, Garden City, New Jersey. Dimmitt MA. 1977. Distribution of Couch's spadefoot toad in California (preliminary report). Unpublished report filed with
the United States Bureau of Land Management, Riverside District Office, California, Under C-062, 6500, and 1792 Sundesert, May 10, 1977, Riverside, California.
Dimmitt MA, Ruibal R. 1980a. Environmental correlates of emergence in spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus). Journal of Herpetology 14:21–29.
Dimmitt MA, Ruibal R. 1980b. Exploitation of food resources by spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus). Copeia 1980:854–862. Dinehart SK, Smith LM, McMurry ST, Smith PN, Anderson TA, Haukos DA, 2010. Acute and chronic toxicity of Roundup
Weathermax® and Ignite® 280 SL to larval Spea multiplicata and S. bombifrons from the Southern High Plains, USA. Environmental Pollution, 158(8), pp.2610-2617.
Dixon JR. 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas: With Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. W.L. Moody Jr., Natural History Series, Number 25, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.
Dixon JR. 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas: With Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. W.L. Moody Jr., Natural History Series, Number 25, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.
Dole JW. 1965a. Spatial relations in natural populations of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens Schreber, in northern Michigan. American Midland Naturalist 74:464–478.
Dole JW. 1965b. Summer movements of adult leopard frogs, Rana pipiens Schreber, in northern Michigan. Ecology 46:236–255.
Dole JW. 1971. Dispersal of recently metamorphosed leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Copeia 1971:221–228. Dole JW. 1972a. Evidence of celestial orientation in newly metamorphosed Rana pipiens. Herpetologica 28:273–276. Drost C.A, Sogge MK. 1993. Survey of an isolated northern leopard frog population along the Colorado River in Glen
Canyon National Recreation Area. National Park Service/Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Northern Arizona University Report, Flagstaff, Arizona.
Drost CA, Fellers GM. 1996. Collapse of a regional frog fauna in the Yosemite area of the California Sierra Nevada, USA. Conservation Biology, 10(2), 414-425.
Dubois A, Raffaëlli J. 2012. A new ergotaxonomy of the order Urodela Duméril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia). Alytes. Paris 28: 77–161.
Dubois A. 1992. Notes sur la classification des Ranidae (Amphibiens anoures). Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 61: 305–352.
Dubois A. 2006. New proposals for naming lower-ranked taxa within the frame of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Comptes Rendus. Biologies. Paris 329: 823–840.
Duellman WE, Marion AB, Hedges SB. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa. 2016 Apr 19;4104(1):1-09.
Dundee HA 1996. Some reallocations of type localities of reptiles and amphibians described from the Major Stephen H. Long Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, with comments on some of the statements made in the account written by Edwin James. Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 30: 75–89.
Dunlap DG, Kruse C. 1976. Frogs of the Rana pipiens complex in the northern and central plains states. Southwest. Nat. 20:559-571.
Dunn ER. 1940. The races of Ambystoma tigrinum. Copeia 1940: 154–162. Durham, L. and G.W. Bennet. 1963. Age, growth and homing in the bullfrog. Journal of Wildlife Management 27:107–123. Ehrlich D. 1979. Predation by bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) on eggs and newly hatched larvae of the plains leopard
frog (Rana blairi). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 15:25–26. Emlen ST. 1977. “Double clutching” and its possible significance in the bullfrog. Copeia 1977:749–751. Enderson EF. 2002. Geographic distribution: Eleutherodactylus augusti cactorum (western barking frog). Herpetological
Review 33:316. Erspamer V, Vitali T, Roseghini M, Cei JM 1967. 5-Methoxy-and 5-hydroxyindoles in the skin of Bufo alvarius. Biochemical
pharmacology. 16(7):1149-64. Ewert MA 1969. Seasonal movements of the toads Bufo americanus and B. cognatus in northwestern Minnesota. Ph.D.
dissertation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Faeh SA., Nichols DK, Beasley VR. 1998. Infectious diseases of amphibians. Pp. 259–265 In Lannoo, M.J. (Ed.), Status and
Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa. Farrar ES, Hey JD. 1995. Plains Spadefoot (Scaphiopus bombifrons) Distribution, Breeding Habitat Characterization, and
Natural History Studies in Western Iowa: 1995 Studies. Wildlife Diversity Program Grant Report 1995, Boone, IA. Farrar ES, Hey JD. 1997. Carnivorous spadefoot (Spea bombifrons Cope) tadpoles and fairy shrimp in western Iowa. Journal
of the Iowa Academy of Science 104:4–7. Feder ME. 1983. Responses to acute aquatic hypoxia in larvae of the frog Rana berlandieri. Journal of Experimental Biology.
1983 May 1;104(1):79-95. Feder, M.E. 1985. Thermal acclimation of oxygen consumption and cardiorespiratory frequencies in frog larvae. Physiological
Zoology 58:303–311. Femmer S, Metter D. 1979. Geographic distribution: Scaphiopus bombifrons (plains spadefoot). Herpetological Review 10:23. Femmer SR. 1978. Distribution and Life History Studies of Scaphiopus bombifrons Cope and Bufo cognatus Say in Missouri.
M.A. Thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. Firschein IL. 1950. A new record of Spea bombifrons from northern Mexico and remarks on the status of
the hammondii group of spadefoot anurans. Herpetologica 6: 75–77. Fischer TD, Backlund DC, Higgins KF, Naugle DE. 1999. A field guide to South Dakota amphibians. South Dakota
Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin Number 733, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. Fitch HS. 1956. Temperature responses of free-living amphibians and reptiles of northeastern Kansas. Bulletin of the Museum
of Natural History University of Kansas 8:417–476. Fleischner TL. 1994. Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western North America. Conservation Biology 8(3): 629-644. Flores-Villela, O. 1993. Herpetofauna Mexicana: annotated list of the species of amphibians and reptiles of Mexico, recent
taxonomic changes, and new species. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication, Number 17, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Flores-Villela O, Ríos-Muñoz CA, Magaña-Cota GE, Quezadas-Tapia NL. 2016. Alfredo Dugès’ type specimens of amphibians and reptiles revisited. Zootaxa 4092: 33–54.
Fontenot, B. E., R. Makowsky, and P. T. Chippindale. 2011. Nuclear–mitochondrial discordance and gene flow in a recent radiation of toads. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 66–80.
Ford TR, Dillehay DL, Mook DM. 2004. Cutaneous acariasis in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) Comparative medicine. 54(6):713-7.
Fouquette MJ Jr 1968. Remarks on the type specimen of Bufo alvarius Girard. Great Basin Naturalist 28: 70–72. Fouquette MJ Jr, Dubois A. 2014. A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Seventh Edition. Volume 1—
Amphibians. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: XLibris Frost DR, Grant T, Faivovich J, Bain RH, Haas A, Haddad CFB, de Sá RO, Channing A, Wilkinson M, Donnellan SC,
Raxworthy CJ, Campbell JA, Blotto BL, Moler PE, Drewes RC, Nussbaum RA, Lynch JD, Green DM, Wheeler 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.
Frost DR, McDiarmid RW, Mendelson JR. 2008. Anura: Frogs. Crother, B. I. ed., Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, With Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Herpetological Circular No. 37: 2–12.
Frost DR, McDiarmid RW, Mendelson, III JR 2008. Anura: Frogs. Crother, B. I. ed., Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, With Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Herpetological Circular No. 37: 2–12.
Frost JS, Bagnara JT. 1977. Sympatry between Rana blairi and the southern form of leopard frog in southeastern Arizona (Anura: Ranidae). The Southwestern Naturalist 15:443-53.
Frost JS, Platz JE. 1983. Comparative assessment of modes of reproductive isolation among four species of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex). Evolution 37:66–78.
Frost JS. 1982. Functional genetic similarities between geographically separated populations of Mexican leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex). Systematic Zoology 31:57–67.
Frost DR., Mendelson JR, Pramuk JB. 2009. Further notes on the nomenclature of Middle American toads (Bufonidae). Copeia 2009: 418–419.
Frost DR., Grant T, Mendelson JR. 2006. Ollotis Cope, 1875, is the oldest name for the genus current referred to as Cranopsis Cope, 1875. Copeia 2006: 558.
Frost SW. 1935. The food of Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Copeia 1935:15–18. Garman, S. 1884. The North American reptiles and batrachians. A list of the species occurring north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with references. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Massachusetts 16: 3–46.
Fugler CM, Webb RG. 1956. Distributional notes on some reptiles and amphibians from southern and central Coahuila. Herpetologica 12:167-171.
Galan AP, Light JE. 2017. Reptiles and Amphibians Associated with Texas Pocket Gopher (Geomys personatus) Burrow Systems Across the Texas Sand Sheet. Herpetological Review, 48(3):517-521.
Garcia NW, Pfennig KS, Burmeister SS (2015) Leptin Manipulation Reduces Appetite and Causes a Switch in Mating Preference in the Plains Spadefoot Toad (Spea bombifrons). PLoS ONE 10(4): e0125981.
Garcıa-Parıs M, Buchholz DR, Parra-Olea G. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Pelobatoidea re-examined using mtDNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28(1), pp.12-23.
Garman S. 1884. The North American reptiles and batrachians. A list of the species occurring north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with references. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Salem, Massachusetts 16: 3–46.
Garrett JM, Barker DA. 1987. Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Texas. Texas Monthly Fieldguide Series, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.
Gehlbach FR. 1967a. Ambystoma tigrinum (Green). Pp. 52.1–52.4. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
Gehlbach FR. 1967b. Evolution of tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) on the Grand Canyon rims, Arizona. Yearbook of the American Philosophical Society 1967:266–269.
Gehlbach FR. 1969. Determination of the relationships of tiger salamander larval populations to different stages of pond succession at the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Yearbook of the American Philosophical Society 1969:299–302.
Gehlbach FR, Kimmel JR, Weems WA. 1969. Aggregations and body water relations in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) from the Grand Canyon rims, Arizona. Physiological Zoology 42:173-82.
George ID 1940. A study of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Gilbert M, LeClair R, Fortin R. 1994. Reproduction of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in floodplain habitat in the Richelieu River, P. Quebec, Canada. Journal of Herpetology 28:465–470.
Gillis JE. 1979. Adaptive differences in the water economies of two species of leopard frogs from eastern Colorado (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Journal of Herpetology13:445-450.
Girard C 1854. A list of North American bufonids, with diagnoses of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 86–88.
Glennemeier KA, Denver RJ. 2002. Role of corticoids in mediating the response of Rana pipiens tadpoles to intraspecific competition. Journal of Experimental Zoology 292:32–40.
Goin CJ, Goin OB. 1962. Introduction to Herpetology. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, California. Goldberg CS, Field KJ, & Sredl MJ. 2004 Mitochondrial DNA sequences do not support species status of the Ramsey Canyon
leopard frog (Rana subaquavocalis). Journal of Herpetology 38:313–319. Goldberg CS, Schwalbe CR. 2000. Population ecology of the barking frog. Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage,
Fund report, IIPAM Project Number I98014, Phoenix, Arizona. Goldberg SR 2016. Notes on Reproduction of Red-spotted toads, Anaxyrus punctatus (Anura: Bufonidae), from Riverside
County, California. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 51(8):130-1. Goldberg SR 2018. Notes on Reproduction of Colorado River Toads, Incilius alvarius (Anura: Bufonidae), from Pima
County, Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 31 (3):38-39. Goldberg SR 2018. Notes on Reproduction of Great Plains Toads, Anaxyrus cognatus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Southern
Arizona. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 53(6):131-4. Goldberg S. 2018. Reproduction of Couch’s Spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii (Anura: Scaphiopodidae) from Pima County,
Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist, 31(2):28. Goldberg SR 2019. Notes on Reproduction of Green Toads, Anaxyrus debilis (Anura: Bufonidae), from New Mexico.
Sonoran Herpetologist 32(1):3. Goldberg SR, Bursey CR, Cheam H. 1998. Helminths of two native frog species (Rana chiricahuensis, Rana yavapaiensis)
and one introduced frog species (Rana catesbeiana) (Ranidae) from Arizona. The Journal of Parasitology. :175-7. Goldberg SR, Bursey CR. 2002. Helminths of the plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons, the western spadefoot, Spea
hammondii, and the Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana (Pelobatidae). Western North American Naturalist 62(4):13.
Gómez RO. 2016. A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae. Cretaceous Research. 62:52-64.
Goodchild CG. 1953. A subcutaneous, cyst-parasite of bullfrogs: Histocystidium ranae, N.G., N. sp. Journal of Parasitology 39:395–405
Grant TJ, Otis DL, Koford RR. 2018. Comparison between Anuran Call Only and Multiple Life-Stage Occupancy Designs in Missouri River Floodplain Wetlands following a Catastrophic Flood. Journal of Herpetology 52(4):371-80.
Graves BM, Summers CH, Olmstead KL 1993. Sensory mediation of aggregation among postmetamorphic Bufo cognatus. Journal of Herpetology 27:315–319.
Gray JE. 1850. Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphibia in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Batrachia Gradientia, etc. Printed by Order of the Trustees. London: Spottiswoodes and Shaw.
Gray P, Stegall E. 1986. Distribution and status of Strecker's Chorus Frog (Pseudacris streckeri streckeri) in Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 89:81-85.
Guarisco H. 1985. Opportunistic scavenging by the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 88:38–39.
Gutiérrez-González CE, Gómez-Ramírez MA, Gutierrez-Garcia D, Valenzuela J, Rorabaugh JC, Flesch AD 2016. Interactions between Sonoran Desert Toads (Incilius alvarius) and Mammalian Predators at the Northern Jaguar Reserve, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist 29(2):26.
Hadley D, Sheridan TE. 1995. Land use history of the San Rafael Valley, Arizona (1540- 1960). General Technical Report GM-GTR-269. USDA Forest Service. Fort Collins, Colorado.
Hale SF. 2001. The status of the Tarahumara frog in Sonora, Mexico, based on a resurvey of selected localities and search for additional populations. Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona.
Hale SF, Ferguson GM, Holm PA, Wirt EB. 1998. Re-survey of selected Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumara) localities in northern Sonora, Mexico, in May 1998. Report to the Arizona Zoological Society and the Tarahumara Frog Conservation Team, Phoenix, Arizona.
Hale SF, Jarchow JL. 1988. The status of the Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) in the United States and Mexico: Part II. Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Hale SF, May CJ. 1983. Status report for Rana tarahumarae Boulenger. Report to the Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Hale SF, Retes F, Van Devender TR. 1977. New populations of Rana tarahumarae (Tarahumara frog) in Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 11:134–135.
Hale SF, Schwalbe CR, Jarchow JL, May CJ, Lowe CH, Johnson TB. 1995. Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog. Pp. 138–140. In LaRoe, E.T., G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran and M.J. Mac (Eds.), Our Living Resources. A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C.
Hall JA, Larsen JH, Fitzner RE 1997. Postembryonic ontogeny of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae): external morphology. Herpetological Monograph 11:124–178.
Hallowell E. 1853. On a new genus and three new species of reptiles inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6: 206–2.
Hallowell E. 1858 "1857". Description of several new North American reptiles. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9: 215–216.
Hallowell, E. 1852. Descriptions of new species of reptiles inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6: 177–182.
Hammerson GA 1982b. Bullfrog eliminating leopard frogs in Colorado? Herpetological Review. 13:115-116. Hammerson GA. 1982a. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado. Colorado Div. Wild., Denver. Hammerson GA 1986. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, Colorado. Harding, JH. 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Hardy LM, McDiarmid RW. 1969. The amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications of the
Museum of Natural History 18 (3) :39-252. Hardy LM, McDiarmid RW. 1969. The amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications
Museum of Natural History 18:39-252. Hayes MP, Jennings MR. 1986. Decline of ranid frog species in western North America: are bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)
responsible? Journal of Herpetology. 1986:490-509. Hecht MK, Matalas BL. 1946. A review of Middle North American toads of the genus Microhyla. American Museum
Novitates 1315: 1–21. Hecnar SJ. 1995. Acute and chronic toxicity of ammonium nitrate fertilizer to amphibians from southern Ontario.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14:2131–2137. Hecnar SJ. 1997. Amphibian pond communities in southwestern Ontario. Pp. 1–15. In Green, D.M. (Ed.), Amphibians in
Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. Herpetological Conservation, Number 1, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
Hedges SB. 1989. Evolution and biogeography of West Indian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus: Slow-evolving loci and the major groups. In: Woods C A. ed., Biogeography of the West Indies: Past, Present, and Future: 305–3.
Hedges SB, Duellman WE, Heinicke MP. 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 1737: 1–182.
Hendrickson DA, Minckley WL. 1984. Cienegas - vanishing climax communities of the American Southwest. Desert Plants 6(3):131-175.
Hernández-Austria R, Luría-Manzano R, Ramírez-Bautista A. 2019. Variation in feeding habits between two syntopic frog species (genus Lithobates) of a tropical habitat in the Atlantic versant of Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 53(4):289-96.
Hernández-Pérez J, Serra A, Sze S, Conway P, Schlundt J, Benavides J. 2018. Identification of Arenin, a Novel Kunitz-Like Polypeptide from the Skin Secretions of Dryophytes arenicolor. International journal of molecular sciences 19(11):3644.
Hill JE, Parnell PG. 1996. Adiaspiromycosis in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8:496–497.
Hillis DM. 1981. Premating isolating mechanisms among three species of the Rana pipiens complex in Texas and southern Oklahoma. Copeia 1981:312-319
Hillis DM. 1982. Morphological differentiation and adaptation of the larvae of Rana berlandieri and Rana sphenocephala (Rana pipiens complex) in sympatry. Copeia 1982 23:168-74.
Hillis DM. 2007. Constraints in naming parts of the tree of life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 331–338. Hillis DM, Frost JS, Wright DA. 1983. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Rana pipiens complex: a biochemical evaluation.
Systematic Biology 32(2):132-43.
Hillis DM, Wilcox TP. 2005. Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34: 299–314.
Hinderer RK, Litt AR, McCaffery M. 2015. Habitat Selection by Chiricahua Leopard Frogs During Summer Monsoons. Intermountain Journal of Sciences. 21(1-4):67-8.
Hinshaw S. 1992. Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Pp. 77–81. In Hunter, M.L., J. Albright and J. Arbuckle (Eds.), The Amphibians and Reptiles of Maine. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 838, Orono, Maine.
Hobson JA, Goin CJ, Goin OB. 1967. Sleep behavior of frogs. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Science 30:184–186.
Holman JA. 2003. Fossil frogs and toads of North America. Indiana University Press. Holman, JA 2006. Fossil Salamanders of North America. Indiana University Press. Hossack BR, Muths ER, Rorabaugh JC, Espinal JA, Sigafus BH, Chambert T, Arroyo GC, Felix DH, Martinez DT, Jones TR.
2016. Notes on the Distribution of Tiger Salamanders (Presumed Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi) in Sonora, Mexico. Herpetological Review 47(2):177-80.
Hovingh P. 1997. Amphibians in the eastern Great Basin (Nevada and Utah, USA): a geographical study with paleozoological models and conservation implications. Herpetological Natural History 5:97–134.
Howard RD. 1978a. The evolution of mating strategies in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana. Evolution 32:850–871. Howard RD. 1978b. The influence of male-defended oviposition sites on early embryo mortality in bullfrogs. Ecology
59:789–798. Howell PE, Hossack BR, Muths E, Sigafus BH, Chandler RB. 2016. Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the
Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis). Copeia 104(4):824-30. Hubbs CL, 1955. Hybridization between fish species in nature. Systematic zoology, 4(1), pp.1-20. Hunter ML, Albright J, Arbuckle J (Eds.). 1992. The amphibians and reptiles of Maine. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural
Experiment Station, Number 838, Orono, Maine. Hupf, T.H. 1977. Natural histories of two species of leopard frogs, Rana blairi and Rana pipiens, in a zone of sympatry in
northeastern Nebraska. Master's thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. Hyman OJ, Collins JP. 2015. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Dynamics in an Isolated Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates
pipiens) Population in Arizona. Herpetological Review 46(4):535-7. Ideker J. 1979. Adult Cybister fimbriolatus are predaceous (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Coleopterists Bulletin 33:41–44. Ingram WM, Raney EC. 1943. Additional studies on the movement of tagged bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. American
Midland Naturalist 29:239–241. Irschick DJ, Shaffer HB. 1997. The polytypic species revisited: Morphological differentiation among tiger salamanders
(Ambystoma tigrinum) (Amphibia: Caudata). Herpetologica 53: 30–49. Iwaki M. AmphibiaWeb 2007 Hyla arenicolor: Canyon Treefrog. AmphibiaWeb. 2020. <http://amphibiaweb.org>
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 2 Jan 2020. Jaeger JR, Waddle AW, Rivera R, Harrison DT, Ellison S, Forrest MJ, Vredenburg VT, van Breukelen F. 2017.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and the Decline and Survival of the Relict Leopard Frog. EcoHealth. 14(2):285-95. Jaeger JR, Riddle BR, Jennings RD, Bradford DF. 2001. Rediscovering Rana onca: evidence for phylogenetically distinct
leopard frogs from the border region of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. Copeia 2001:339–354. James E. 1822. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains: Performed in the Years 1819 and '20, by
Order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Sec'y of War; Under the Command of Major Stephen H. Long/ From the Notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and Other Gentlemen of the Exploring Party. Volume 1. Philadelphia: H.C. Carey and I. Lea.
Jancovich JK, Mao J, Chinchar VG, Wyatt C, Case ST, Kumar S, Valente G, Subramanian S, Davidson EW, Collins JP, Jacobs BL. 2003. Genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in North America. Virology 316:90–103.
Jarchow CJ, Hossack BR, Sigafus BH, Schwalbe CR, Muths E. 2016. Modeling habitat connectivity to inform reintroductions: a case study with the Chiricahua Leopard Frog. Journal of Herpetology 50(1):63-9.
Jennings MR, Hayes MP. 1994a. Amphibian and reptile species of special concern in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division, Final report, Rancho Cordova, California.
Jennings MR, Hayes MP. 1994a. Amphibian and reptile species of special concern in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Division, Final report, Rancho Cordova, California.
Jennings MR, Hayes MP. 1994b. Decline of native ranid frogs in the desert southwest. Pp. 183–211. In Brown, P.R. and J.W. Wright (Eds.), Herpetology of the North American Deserts, Special Publication, Number 5, Southwestern Herpetologists Society, Van Nuys, California.
Jennings MR. 1987a. Annotated check list of the amphibians and reptiles of California. Southwest Herpetologists Society, Special Publication, Number 3, Second edition, Van Nuys, California
Jennings MR. 1987b. Life history notes: Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). Feeding. Herpetological Review 18:33. Jennings R, Fuller MM. 2004. Origin and distribution of leopard frogs, Rana pipiens complex, in California. California Fish
and Game 90(3):119-139. Jennings, R.D. and N.J. Scott Jr. 1993. Ecologically correlated morphological variation in tadpoles of the leopard frog, Rana
chiricahuensis. Journal of Herpetology 27:285–293. Johnson TR. 1987. The amphibians and reptiles of Missouri. Missouri Department Conservation, Jefferson City. Johnson, T.R. 1977. The Amphibians of Missouri. University of Kansas, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History
Publication, Educational Series 6, Lawrence, Kansas. Jones LL, Halama KJ, Lovich RE. 2016. Habitat Management Guidelines for Amphibians and Reptiles of the Southwestern
United States. Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Technical Publication HMG-5, Birmingham, Alabama.
Jones TR, Collins JP, Kocher TD, Mitton JB. 1988. Systematic status and distribution of Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi Lowe (Amphibia: Caudata). Copeia. 1988:621–35.
Jones TR, Routman EJ, Begun DJ, Collins JP. 1995. Ancestry of an isolated subspecies of salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum stebbensi Lowe: the evolutionary significance of hybridization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4:194–202.
Judge KA, Swanson SJ, Brooks RJ. 2000. Natural history notes: Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). Female vocalization. Herpetological Review 31:236–237.
Justus JT, Sandomir M, Urquhart T, Ewan BO. 1977. Developmental rates of two species of toads from the desert southwest. Copeia 1977:592–594.
Kahrs DA. 2006. American Bullfrog Eradication in Sycamore Canyon, Arizona, a Natural Open Aquatic System. Sonoran Herpetologist 1(7):74-77.
Kao K, Danilchik M. 1991. Generation of body plan phenotypes in early embryogenesis. Methods in Cell Biology 36:271–284.
Kats LB, Ferrer RP. 2003. Alien predators and amphibian declines: Review of two decades of science and the transition to conservation. Diversity and Distributions 9:99-110.
Kellogg R 1932. Mexican tailless amphibians in the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, Number 160, Washington, D.C.
King FW. 1932. Herpetological records and notes from the vicinity of Tucson, Arizona, July and August, 1930. Copeia. 1932 (4):175-7.
Klassen MA. 1998. Observations on the breeding and development of the plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons, in southern Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 112:387–392.
Klemens MW. 1993. Amphibians and reptiles of Connecticut and adjacent regions. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut, Bulletin Number 112, Hartford, Connecticut.
Klymus KE, Humfeld SC, Marshall VT, Cannatella D, Gerhardt HC. 2010. Molecular patterns of differentiation in canyon treefrogs (Hyla arenicolor): evidence for introgressive hybridization with the Arizona treefrog (H. wrightorum) and correlations with advertisement call differences. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23(7):1425-35.
Korky JK 1999. Bufo punctatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 689.1-689.5.
Kretzer JE, Cully JF. 2001. Effects of black-tailed prairie dogs on reptiles and amphibians in Kansas shortgrass prairie. The Southwestern Naturalist, pp.171-177.
Krupa JJ 1986a. Multiple clutch production in the Great Plains toad. Prairie Naturalist 18:151–152. Krupa JJ 1986b. Anuran breeding dates in central Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Herpetological Society 11:10–13. Krupa JJ 1990. Bufo cognatus. Pp. 457.1–457.8. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of
Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri. Krupa JJ 1994. Breeding biology of Great Plains toad in Oklahoma. Journal of Herpetology 28:217–224. Kruse KC, Francis MG. 1977. A predation deterrent in larvae of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Transactions of the American
Fisheries Society 106:248–252.
Kulkarni SS, Denver RJ, Gomez-Mestre I, Buchholz DR. 2017. Genetic accommodation via modified endocrine signaling explains phenotypic divergence among spadefoot toad species. Nature communications 8(1):993.
Lang E, Gerhardt C, Davidson C. 2009. Frogs and Toads of North America, a Comprehensive Guide to their Identification, Behavior, and Calls. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009.
Langebartel D, Smith HM. 1954. Summary of the Norris collection of reptiles and amphibians from Sonora, Mexico. Herpetologica 10:125-136.
Langebartel DA, Smith HM. 1954. Summary of the Norris collection of reptiles and amphibians from Sonora, Mexico. Herpetologica 10: 125–136.
Lannoo M (ed). Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, June 2005.
Lannoo MJ, Phillips CA. 2005. Ambystoma tigrinum (Green, 1825). Pages 636-639 in M.J. Lannoo (ed), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Lannoo, M.J. 1996. Okoboji Wetlands: A Lesson in Natural History. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa. Lauzon RD. 1999. Status of the Plains Spadefoot (Spea bombifrons) in Alberta. Wildlife Status Report No. 25. Alberta
Environment, Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Division, and Alberta Conservation Association, Edmonton, Alberta.
Lauzon RD, Balagus P. 1998. New Records from the Northern Range of the Plains Spadefoot Toad, Spea bombifrons, in Alberta. Canandian Fielded-Naturalist, 112:506-509.
Lawson J. 2012. Frontier naturalist Jean Louis Berlandier and the exploration of northern Mexico and Texas, University of
New Mexico Press. Lazaroff DW, Rosen PC, Lowe CH. 2006. Amphibians, reptiles, and their habitats at Sabino Canyon. University of Arizona
Press. Lee JC. 1996. The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Yucatan Peninsula. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University
Press, Ithaca, New York.
Lefcort H, Eiger SM. 1993. Antipredatory behaviour of feverish tadpoles: implications for pathogen transmission. Behaviour 126:13–27.
Lehtinen RM, Galatowitsch SM, Tester JR. 1999. Consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation for wetland amphibian assemblages. Wetlands 19:1–12.
Leonard WP, Brown HA, Jones LLC, McAllister KR, Storm RM. 1993. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society, Trailside Series. Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, Washington.
Levis NA, de la Serna Buzón S, Pfennig DW. 2015. An inducible offense: carnivore morph tadpoles induced by tadpole carnivory. Ecology and evolution, 5(7), pp.1405-1411.
Lillywhite HB. 1970. Behavioral temperature regulation in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Lillywhite HB. 1971. Temperature selection by the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
40:213–227. Lillywhite HB. 1974a. Comments on postmetamorphic aggregate of Bufo boreas. Copeia 1974:984–986. Lillywhite HB. 1974b. How frogs regulate their body temperature. Environment Southwest 465:3–6. Copeia 1970:158–168. Liner EA, Casas-Andreu G. 2008. Standard Spanish, English and scientific names of the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico.
Herpetological Circular 38: 1–162. Liner EA. 1994. Scientific and common names for the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish.
Herpetological Circular 23: v + 113. Linsdale JM. 1940. Amphibians and reptiles in Nevada. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 73: 197–
257. Livezey RL, Wright AH. 1947. A synoptic key to the Salientia eggs of the United States. American Midland Naturalist
37:179–222. Lomolino MV, Smith GA. 2003. Prairie dog towns as islands: applications of island biogeography and landscape ecology for
conserving nonvolant terrestrial vertebrates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12(4), pp.275-286. Lowe CH, 1954. A new salamander (genus Ambystoma) from Arizona. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington 67: 243–246. Lowe CH. 1955. The Salamanders of Arizona. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 58: 237–251. Lowe CH. 1955. The salamanders of Arizona. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 58(2):237-51.
Lowe CH. 1964. An annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Arizona, Pages 153-174. In: CH Lowe, (ed.) The Vertebrates of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Luce B, Oakleaf B, Cerovski A, Hunter L, Priday J 1997. Atlas of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians in Wyoming. Wyoming Fish and Game Department, Wildlife Division, Biological Services Section, Lander, Wyoming.
Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1997. Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Special Publication. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas 23: 1–236.
Lynch JD. 1968. Genera of leptodactylid frogs in México. University of Kansas Publications. Museum of Natural History 17: 503–515.70. Gainesville, Florida, Sandhill Crane Press.
Lynch JD. 1985. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Trans. Nebraska Acad. Sci. 1333-57. Lynch JD. 1978. The distribution of leopard frogs (Rana blairi and Rana pipiens) (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) in Nebraska.
Journal of Herpetology12:157-162. Madison DM, Farrand L. 1998. Habitat use during breeding and emigration in radio implanted tiger salamanders, Ambystoma
tigrinum. Copeia 1998:402-410. Malnate EV 1971. A catalog of primary types in the herpetological collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia (ANSP). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 123: 345–375. Malnate EV. 1971. A catalog of primary types in the herpetological collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia (ANSP). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 123: 345–375. Martin PS. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Misc. Pub.
Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan (101) :1-102. Matsuda BM, Green DM, Gregory PT. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of British Columbia. Victoria, BC: Royal British
Columbia Museum. 278 pp. Mauger D. 1988. Observations on calling behavior of bullfrogs in relation to male mating strategy. Bulletin of the Chicago
Herpetological Society 23:57–59. Maunder JE. 1997. Amphibians of Newfoundland and Labrador: status changes since 1983. Pp. 93–99. In Green DM. (ed.),
Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. Herpetological Conservation, Number 1, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
McAtee WL. 1921. Homing and other habits of the bull-frog. Copeia 96:39–40. McCoy CJ. 1968. Diet of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) in central Oklahoma farm ponds. Proceedings of the Oklahoma
Academy of Science 48: 44-45). McLean KI, Stockwell CA, Mushet DM. 2016. Cannibalistic-morph Tiger Salamanders in Unexpected Ecological Contexts.
The American Midland Naturalist 175(1):64-73. Mead J. 2005. Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) amphibians and reptiles of Arizona. Vertebrate Paleontology in Arizona:
Bulletin 29:29:136. Measey J. 2017. Where do African clawed frogs come from? An analysis of trade in live Xenopus laevis imported into the USA.
Salamandra. 53(3):398-404. Mecham JS, M. J. Littlejohn MJ, Oldham RS, Brown LE, Brown JR. 1973. A new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex)
from the plains of the central United States. Occasional Papers. The Museum, Texas Tech University 18: 1–11. Mecham JS. 1959 "1958". Some Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from Friesenhahn Cave, Texas. Southwestern
Naturalist 3: 17–27. Mendelson JR, Mulcahy DG, Williams TS, Sites JW. 2011. A phylogeny and evolutionary natural history of Mesoamerican
toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Incilius) based on morphology, life history, and molecular data. Zootaxa. 3138:1–34. Merrell DJ. 1970. Migration and gene dispersal in Rana pipiens. American Zoologist 10:47–52. Miller BK. 1993. Wildlife trends in Indiana. Hoosier Farmland Notes 1:2. Modzelewski E, Culley DD 1974. Occurrence of the nematode Eustronglides werichii in lab reared Rana catesbeiana. Copeia
1974:1000–1001. Morey SD. 2019. Scaphiopus couchi. AmphibiaWeb. 2019. <http://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA,
USA. Accessed 24 Aug 2019. Morey SR, Janes DN. 1994. Variation in larval habitat duration influences metamorphosis in Scaphiopus couchii. Pp. 159–
165. In Brown, P.R. and J.W. Wright (Eds.), Herpetology of the North American Deserts. Special Publication Number 5, Southwest Herpetologists Society, Van Nuys, California.
Mossman MJ, Hartman LM, Hay R, Sauer JR, Dhuey BJ. 1998. Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations. Pp. 169–198. In Lannoo, M.J. (Ed.), Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa.
Murray I, Painter CW. 2003. Geographic distribution: Eleutherodactylus augusti. Herpetological Review 34:161. Nelson CE. 1972. Gastrophryne olivacea. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (CAAR). 1972. Nelson, C.E. 1980. What determines the species composition of larval amphibian pond communities in south-central
Indiana, USA? Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 89:149. Newman RA. 1989. Developmental plasticity of Scaphiopus couchii tadpoles in an unpredictable environment. Ecology. 1989
Dec;70(6):1775-87. Newman RA. 1999. Body size and diet of recently metamorphosed spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus couchii).
Herpetologica 55:507–515. Newman RA., Dunham AE. 1994. Size at metamorphosis and water loss in a desert anuran (Scaphiopus couchii). Copeia.
1994 May 16:372-81. Nieden F. 1923. Anura I. Subordo Aglossa und Phaneroglossa, Sectio 1. Arcifera. Das Tierreich 46:1-584. Noble, G.K. and L.A. Aronson. 1942. The sexual behavior of Anura: I. The normal mating pattern of Rana pipiens. Bulletin
of the American Museum of Natural History 80:127–142. Nussbaum RA, Brodie ED Jr, Storm RM. 1983. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. University Press of Idaho,
Moscow, Idaho O’Donnell RP, Mock KE. 2012. Two frog species or one? A multi-marker approach to assessing the distinctiveness of genetic
lineages in the Northern Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens. Conservation genetics 13(5):1167-82. Oliver, J.A. 1955a. The Natural History of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton,
New Jersey. Orchard SA. 1992. 'Amphibian population declines in British Columbia. Declines in Canadian amphibian populations:
designing a national monitoring strategy. C. A. Bishop and K.E. Petit, eds., Canadian Wildlife Service, 10-13. Otsuru SA. 2019. Using Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) to Explore the History of the Fungus
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis as an Emerging Infectious Pathogen in Arizona (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University).
Painter CW. 2005. Bufo debilis Girard, 1854: green toad. Amphibian declines: the conservation status of United States species (MJ Lannoo, editor). University of California Press, Berkeley. 2005:404-6.
Parker ML, Goldstein MI. 2004. Diet of the Rio Grande leopard frog (Rana berlandieri) in Texas. Journal of Herpetology. 38(1):127-30.
Parmley D, Chandler R, Chandler L. 2015. Fossil frogs of the late Clarendonian (late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new genus. Journal of Herpetology 49(1):143-9.
Parmley D. 1988b. Middle Holocene herpetofauna of Klein Cave, Kerr County, Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 33:378–382. Parris MJ (2000) Experimental Analysis of Hybridization in Leopard Frogs (Anura: Ranidae): Larval Performance in
Desiccating Environments. Copeia 2000 (1):11-19. Pasteris SE, Bühler MI, Nader-Macias ME. 2006. Microbiological and histological studies of farmed-bullfrog
(Rana catesbeiana) tissues displaying red-leg syndrome. Aquaculture 251(1):11-8. Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Schuytema GS, Nebeker AV. 2003. Behavioral responses of anuran larvae to chemical cues of native and
introduced predators in the Pacific Northwestern United States. Journal of Herpetology 37(3):572-7. Peralta-García A, Leavitt DH, Hollingsworth BD, Reeder TW 2016. The Phylogenetic Position of the Little Mexican Toad,
Anaxyrus kelloggi, Using Molecular Data. Journal of Herpetology 50(3):471-5. Pessier AP. 2008. Management of disease as a threat to amphibian conservation. International Zoo Yearbook
42(1):30-9. Petranka JW. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Pfennig DW, Murphy PJ. 2002. How fluctuating competition and phenotypic plasticity mediate species
divergence. Evolution, 56(6), pp.1217-1228. Pfennig KS, Simovich MA. 2002. Differential selection to avoid hybridization in two toad species. Evolution, 56(9), pp.1840-
1848. Pfennig KS. 2007. Facultative mate choice drives adaptive hybridization. Science, 318(5852):965-967. Piatt J. 1934. The systematic status of Eleutherodactylus latrans (Cope). American Midland Naturalist 15: 89–91. Pierce AA, Gutierrez R, Rice AM, Pfennig KS. 2017 Genetic variation during range expansion: effects of habitat novelty and
hybridization. Proc. R. Soc. B 284: 20170007. Pierce JR, 1976. Distribution of two mating call types of the plain’s spadefoot, Scaphiopus bombifrons, in southwestern
United States. The Southwestern Naturalist, 20(4), pp.578-582.
Platz JE, Forester DC. 1988. Geographic variation in mating call among the four subspecies of the chorus frog: Pseudacris triseriata. Copeia 1988:1062–1066.
Platz JE, Grudzien TA. 2003. Limited genetic heterozygosity and status of two populations of the Ramsey Canyon leopard frog: Rana subaquavocalis. Journal of Herpetology 37:758–761.
Platz JE, Clarkson RW, Rorabaugh JC, Hillis DM. 1990. Rana berlandieri: recently introduced populations in Arizona and southeastern California. Copeia. 1990 Jun 27:324-33.
Platz JE, Frost JS. 1984. Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex). Copeia. 1984:940-8. Platz JE, Frost JS. 1984. Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex). Copeia 1984:940–948. Platz JE, Grudzien T. 1993. Geographic distribution and genetic variability assessment of the Ramsey Canyon leopard frog.
Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska. Platz JE, Lathrop A. 1993. Body size and age assessment among advertising male chorus frogs. Journal of Herpetology
27:109–111. Platz JE. 1972. Sympatric interaction between two forms of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) in Texas. Copeia 1972:232–
240. Platz JE. 1981. Suture zone dynamics: Texas populations of Rana berlandieri and Rana blairi. Copeia 1981:733–734. Platz JE. 1984. Status report for Rana onca. Unpublished report submitted to Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Platz JE. 1988. Rana yavapaiensis. Pp. 418.1–418.2. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of
Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri. Platz JE. 1989. Speciation within the chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata: morphometric and mating call analyses of the boreal
and western subspecies. Copeia 1989:704–712. Platz JE. 1991. Rana berlandieri. Pp. 508.1–508.4. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of
Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri. Platz JE. Lathrop A, Hofbauer L, Vradenburg M. 1997. Age distribution and longevity in the Ramsey Canyon leopard
frog, Rana subaquavocalis. Journal of Herpetology 31:552–557. Platz JE. Mecham JS. 1979. Rana chiricahuensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from Arizona. Copeia
1979:383–390. Platz JE. Platz AL. 1973. Rana pipiens complex: hemoglobin phenotypes of sympatric and allopatric populations in Arizona.
Science 179:1334–1336. Platz JE.1993. Rana subaquavocalis, a remarkable new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from southeastern
Arizona that calls under water. Journal of Herpetology 27:154–162. Platz JE.1996. Rana subaquavocalis: Conservation assessment/Conservation strategy. U.S. Fish and Wildlife contract report,
Phoenix, Arizona. Platz JE.1997. Status survey of the Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, Rana subaquavocalis. Report to Arizona Game and Fish
Department, Phoenix, Arizona. Pohlmann KF., Campagna DJ, Chapman JB, Earman S. 1998. Investigation of the origin of springs in the Lake Mead
National Recreation Area. Water Resources Center, Desert Research Institute, Publication Number 41161, University and Community College System of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Pope CH. 1964a. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Chicago Area. Chicago Natural History Museum Press, Chicago, Illinois. Powell R. Collins JT, Hooper ED Jr. A Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of the Continental United States and Canada. The
University Press of Kansas, 1998. Pramuk JB, Robertson T, Sites Jr JW, Noonan BP 2008. Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly
cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Global Ecology and Biogeography 17(1):72-83. Preest MR, Brust DG, Wygoda ML. 1992. Cutaneous water loss and the effects of temperature and hydration state
on aerobic metabolism of canyon treefrogs, Hyla arenicolor. Herpetologica 48:210-9. Price SJ, Garner TWJ, Nichols RA, Balloux FA, Ayres C, Mora-Cabello de Alba A, Bosch J. 2014. Collapse of Amphibian
Communities Due to an Introduced Ranavirus. Current Biology 24:2586–2591. Punzo F. 1991. Feeding ecology of spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus couchi and Spea multiplicata) in western Texas.
Herpetological Review 22:79–80. Punzo F. 1992. Socially facilitated behavior in tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana and Rana heckscheri (Anura: Ranidae). Journal of
Herpetology 26:219–222. Radke MF. 1998. Ecology of the barking frog (Eleutherodactylus augusti) in Caves County, New Mexico. Report to New
Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Share with Wildlife, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Raffaelli J. 2007. Les Urodeles du monde. Penclen Edition, 377 pp. Rausch CM, Starkweather PL, van Breukelen F 2008. One year in the life of Bufo punctatus: annual patterns of body
temperature in a free-ranging desert anuran. Naturwissenschaften 95(6):531-5. Reed CA. 1951. Larval ambystomid salamanders from southern Arizona and Sonora. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Rinnan DS 2015. Quantifying sensitivity and exposure to climate change in Western North American species (Doctoral
dissertation). University of Washington. Rodriguez C, Rollins-Smith L, Ibanez R, Durant-Archibold AA, Gutierrez M 2017. Toxins and pharmacologically active
compounds from species of the family Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura). Journal of ethnopharmacology 198:235-54. Rorabaugh JC, Elliott L. 2006. Calls of the Tarahumara frog. Sonoran Herpetologist. 2006;19(12):134-6. Rorabaugh JC, Hale SF. 2005. Rana tarahumarae. Tarahumara Frog Subgenus: Zweifelia. Pages 593-595 in Lannoo MJ 2005.
Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press. Rorabaugh JC, Hossack BR, Muths E, Sigafus BH, Lemos-Espinal JA. 2018. Status of the threatened Chiricahua
Leopard Frog and conservation challenges in Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other ranid frogs and non-native predators. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 13(1):17-32.
Rorabaugh JC. 2005. Rana berlandieri Baird, 1854 (a), Rio Grande leopard frog. Pages 530-532 in Lannoo MJ (Ed.), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Rorabaugh JC. 2005. Rana pipiens Schreber, 1782, Northern Leopard Frog. Pages 570-577 in Lannoo MJ (Ed.), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Rorabaugh JR. (Nd) African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis). Tucson Herpetological Society web site.<https://tucsonherpsociety.org/amphibians-reptiles/frogs-toads/african-clawed-frog/>.
Rorabaugh, J.C., J.M. Howland and R.D. Babb. 2004. Distribution and habitat use of the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) on the lower Colorado River and in Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 49:94–99.
Rorabaugh, J.C., M.J. Sredl, V. Miera and C.A. Drost. 2002. Continued invasion of an introduced frog (Rana berlandieri): southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and Rio Colorado, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 47:12–20.
Rosen PC, Schwalbe CR. 1995. Bullfrogs: introduced predators in southwestern wetlands. Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of US plants, animals, and ecosystems. US Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC :452-4.
Rosen PC., Wallace EJ, Schwalbe CR. 2001. Resurvey of the Mexican Garter Snake (Thamnophis eques) in Southeastern Arizona Pp. 70-94 in P. C. Rosen and C. R. Schwalbe. 2002. Conservation of wetland herpetofauna in southeastern Arizona. Final Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department (Heritage Grant #I99016) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 160 pp.
Rovito SM, Parra-Olea G, Recuero E, Wake DB. 2015. Diversification and biogeographical history of Neotropical plethodontid salamanders. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175(1):167-88.
Rudin-Bitterli TS, Evans JP, Mitchell NJ. 2019. Geographic variation in adult and embryonic desiccation tolerance in a terrestrial-breeding frog. BioRxiv, 314351. doi: 10.1101/314351
Ruibal R, Tevis L, Roig V. 1969. The terrestrial ecology of the spadefoot toad Scaphiopus hammondii. Copeia, 1969(3):571-584.
Rumschlag SL, Boone MD. 2018. Mass Amphibian Mortality during Overwintering Related To Fungal Pathogen But Not Larval Environment: An Explanation for Declines? BioRxiv. 2018 Jan 1:290213.
Rundquist EM, Stegal E, Grow D, Gray P. 1978. New herpetological records from Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 81:73- 77. Russell AP, Bauer AM. 1993. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Alberta. University of Calgary Press and University of Alberta
Press, Calgary, Alberta. Ryan MJ, Giermakowski JT, Latella IM, Snell HL 2017. No Evidence of Hybridization Between the Arizona Toad (Anaxyrus
microscaphus) and Woodhouse’s Toad (A. woodhousii) in New Mexico, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12(2):565-75.
Ryan MJ. 1980. The reproductive behavior of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Copeia 1980:108–114. Saha A, McRae L, Dodd Jr CK, Gadsden H, Hare KM, Lukoschek V, Böhm M. 2018. Tracking global population trends:
Population time-series data and a living planet index for reptiles. Journal of Herpetology 52(3):259-68. Sanders O. 1986. The heritage of Bufo woodhousei Girard in Texas (Salientia: Bufonidae). Occasional Papers of the Strecker
Museum. Waco, Texas 1: 1–28. Sanders O. 1987. Evolutionary Hybridization and Speciation in North American Indigenous Bufonids. Dallas, Texas. Sanders OH, Smith HM 1951. Geographic variation in toads of the debilis group of Bufo. Field and Laboratory 19: 141–160.
Santos-Barrera G, Pacheco J, Ceballos G. 2008. Amphibians and reptiles associated with the prairie dog grasslands ecosystem and surrounding areas at the Janos Casas Grandes complex, northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. Acta zoológica mexicana. 2008;24(3):125-36.
Saucedo B, Serrano J, Jacinto-Maldonado M, Leuven R, Rocha García A, Méndez Bernal A, Gröne A, van Beurden S, Escobedo-Bonilla C. 2019. Pathogen Risk Analysis for Wild Amphibian Populations Following the First Report of a Ranavirus Outbreak in Farmed American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) from Northern Mexico. Viruses 11(1):26.
Savage JM. 1954. A revision of the toads of the Bufo debilis complex. Texas Journal of Science 6:83-112. Savage, J.M. and F.W. Schuierer. 1961. The eggs of toads of the Bufo boreas group, with descriptions of the eggs of Bufo
exsul and Bufo nelsoni. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 60:93–99. Schlaepfer MA, Sredl MJ, Rosen PC, Ryan MJ. 2007. High prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild populations
of lowland leopard frogs Rana yavapaiensis in Arizona. EcoHealth. 4(4):421. Schmidt EM, Pfennig KS. 2016. Hybrid female mate choice as a species isolating mechanism: environment matters. Journal
of evolutionary biology. 29(4):865-9. Schmidt EM, Pfennig KS. 2016. Hybrid female mate choice as a species isolating mechanism: environment matters. Journal
of evolutionary biology, 29(4), pp.865-869. Schmidt KP 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. Chicago, U.S.A.: American
Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists and University of Chicago Press. Schmidt KP. 1953. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th Edition. Chicago, U.S.A.: American
Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists and University of Chicago Press. Schroeder, E.E. and T.S. Baskett. 1968. Age estimation, growth rates, and population structure in Missouri bullfrogs. Copeia
1968:583–592. Schuett GW, Feldner MJ, Smith CF, Reiserer RS, editors. 2016. Rattlesnakes of Arizona. Eco Publishing, 2 volumes. Schwalbe CR, Alberti B, Gilbert M. 1997. The limestone troll. Bajada 5:1. Schwalbe CR, Goldberg CS, 2005. Eleutherodactylus augusti (Dugès, 1879) Barking Frog. Pages 491-492 in Amphibian
declines: the conservation status of United States species (MJ Lannoo, editor). University of California Press, Berkeley.
Schwalbe CR, Rosen PC. 1988. Preliminary report on effect of bullfrogs on wetland herpetofauna in southeastern Arizona. Pp. 166–173. In Szaro, R.C., K.E. Severson and D.R. Patton (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Amphibians, Reptiles and Small Mammals in North America. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, General Technical Report, RM-166, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Schwaner TD, Sullivan BK 2009. Fifty years of hybridization: introgression between the Arizona toad (Bufo microscaphus) and Woodhouse’s toad (B. woodhousii) along Beaver Dam Wash in Utah. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(2):198-206.
Schwaner TD, Sullivan BK. 2009. Fifty years of hybridization: introgression between the Arizona toad (Bufo microscaphus) and Woodhouse’s toad (B. woodhousii) along Beaver Dam Wash in Utah. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(2):198-206.
Scott NJ, Jennings RD. 1985.The tadpoles of five species of New Mexican leopard frogs. Occ. Pap. Mus. Southwest. Biol. (3):1-21.
Seale DB. 1980. Influence of amphibian larvae on primary production, nutrient flux, and competition in a pond ecosystem. Ecology 61:1531–1550.
Semlitsch, RD, Pechmann JHK. 1985. Diel pattern of migratory activity for several species of pond-breeding salamanders. Copeia 1985:86-91.
Sessions SK., Franssen RA, Horner VL. 1999. Morphological clues from multilegged frogs: are retinoids to blame? Science 284:800–802.
Shaffer HB, McKnight ML. 1996. The polytypic species revisited: genetic differentiation and molecular phylogenetics of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) (Amphibia: Caudata) complex. Evolution, 50:417-433.
Shannon FA. 1949. A western subspecies of Bufo woodhousii hitherto erroneously associated with Bufo compactilis. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 8: 301–312.
Shannon FA., Lowe CH. 1955. A new subspecies of Bufo woodhousei from the inland Southwest. Herpetologica 11: 185–190. Shively JN, Songer JG, Prchal S, Keasey MS III, Thoen CO. 1981. Mycobacterium marinum infection in Bufonidae. Journal
of Wildlife Diseases 17:3–7. Siddall ME. Desser SS. 1992. Alternative leech vectors for frog and turtle trypanosomes. Journal of Parasitology 78:562–563.
Sinervo B, Mendez-De-La-Cruz F, Miles DB, Heulin B, Bastiaans E, Villagrán-Santa Cruz M, Lara-Resendiz R, Martínez-Méndez N, Calderón-Espinosa ML, Meza-Lázaro RN, Gadsden H. 2010. Erosion of lizard diversity by climate change and altered thermal niches. Science. 328(5980):894-9.
Skelly DK., Werner EE, Cortwright SA. 1999. Long-term distributional dynamics of a Michigan amphibian assemblage. Ecology 80:2326–2337.
Sladky KK, Norton TM, Loomis MR. Trombiculid mites (Hannemania sp.) in canyon tree frogs (Hyla arenicolor). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2000 Dec;31(4):570-5.
Slevin JR. 1931. Range extensions of certain western species of reptiles and amphibians. Copeia 1931:140–141. Smith GR, Lemos-Espinal JA, Burner AB, Winter KE, Dayer CB. 2011. Diets of three species of bufonids (Amphibia, Anura)
from northern Mexico. Western North American Naturalist 71(4):563-70. Smith H M, Taylor EH. 1948. An annotated checklist and key to the Amphibia of Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National
Museum 194: 1–118. Smith HM, 1950. Handbook of amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. Miscellaneous Publication. Museum of Natural History,
University of Kansas 2: 336 pp. Smith HM, Taylor EH. 1948. An annotated checklist and key to the Amphibia of Mexico. Bulletin of the United States
National Museum 194: 1–118. Smith HM, Taylor EH. 1950. Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. University of Kansas Science
Bulletin 33: 313–380. Smith HM. 1950. Handbook of amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. Miscellaneous Publication. Museum of Natural History,
University of Kansas 2: 336 pp. Smith HM., Necker WL. 1943. Alfredo Dugès' types of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de
Ciencias Biológicas. México 3: 179–233. Smith PW. 1961. The amphibians and reptiles of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Number 28,
Urbana, Illinois. Smith TG, Kim B, Hong H, Desser SS. 2000. Intraerythrocytic development of species of Hepatozoon infecting ranid frogs:
evidence for convergence of life cycle characteristics among apicomplexans. Journal of Parasitology 83:451–458. Smith TG, S.H. Kopko SH, Desser SS. 1996. Life cycles, morphological characteristics, and host specificity
of Hepatozoon species infecting eastern garter snakes from Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:1850–1856. Smith, H. M. 1934. The amphibians of Kansas. American Midland Naturalist 15: 377–516. Snyder GK. Hammerson, GA. 1992. ''Interrelationships between water economy and thermoregulation in the Canyon Tree-
frog Hyla arenicolor.'' Journal of Arid Environments, 1993(25), 321-329. Sredl MJ, E.P. Collins EP, Howland JM. 1997. Mark-recapture studies of Arizona leopard frogs. Pp. 1–35. In Sredl, M.J.
(Ed.), Ranid Frog Conservation and Management. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program, Technical Report, Number 121, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona.
Sredl MJ. 2006. Rana yavapaiensis Platz and Frost, 1984 Lowland Leopard Frog. Pages 596-599 in Lannoo MJ (Ed.), Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Stebbins RC, 1951. Amphibians of western north America. Univ of California Press. Stebbins RC. 1951. Amphibians of western North America. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, pp. i-
xvii, 1-539, figs., pls. Stebbins RC. 1951. Amphibians of Western North America. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. Stebbins RC. 1951. Amphibians of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. Stebbins RC. 1972. California Amphibians and Reptiles. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Stebbins RC. 1985 A field guide to western amphibians and reptiles. Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company,
Boston, MA. Stebbins RC. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Stebbins RC. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Stebbins RC. 2003. Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Stebbins RC. 1972. California Amphibians and Reptiles. The University of California Press, 1972. Stebbins RC. 2003. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. Stebbins RC., McGinnis SM. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California: Revised Edition (California Natural
History Guides) University of California Press, 2012. Stebbins, R. C. 1951. Amphibians of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. Steinwascher K. 1978a. The effect of coprophagy on the growth of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Copeia 1978:130–134.
Stejneger L. 1890. Annotated list of reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey on the San Francisco Mountain Plateau and desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona, with descriptions of new species. North American Fauna 3: 103–118.
Stejneger L. 1904. The herpetology of Porto Rico. Annual Report of the United States National Museum for 1902: 549–734. Stirman R, Pfennig KS. 2019. Competitively mediated changes in male toad calls can depend on call structure. Behavioral
Ecology. 2019 Jun 21. Storer T. 1925. A synopsis of the Amphibia of California, University of California Publications in Zoology Vol. 27.
University of California Press. Storer TI. 1925. A synopsis of the amphibia of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 27: 1-342. Strecker JK. 1908. A preliminary annotated list of the Batrachia of Texas. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington 21:53–62. Streicher JW, Cox CL, Campbell JA, Smith EN, de Sa RO 2012 Rapid range expansion in the Great Plains narrow-mouthed
toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) and a revised taxonomy for North American microhylids. Molecular Phylogeny Evolution 64:645-653.
Streicher JW, Devitt TJ, Goldberg CS, Malone JH, Blackmon H, Fujita MK. 2014. Diversification and asymmetrical gene flow across time and space: lineage sorting and hybridization in polytypic barking frogs. Molecular Ecology 23(13):3273-91.
Stuart JN, Painter CW. 1996. Natural history notes on the Great Plains narrowmouth toad, Gastrophryne olivacea, in New Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31:44–47.
Stuart JN. 1995. Natural history notes: Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological Review 26:33. Stuart JN. CW. 1996. Natural history notes on the Great Plains narrowmouth toad, Gastrophryne olivacea, in New Mexico.
Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31:44–47. Sullivan BK 1982a. Male mating behaviour in the Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus). Animal Behaviour 30:939–940. Sullivan BK 1982b. Sexual selection in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousei). I. Chorus organization. Animal Behaviour
30:680–686. Sullivan BK 1983. Sexual selection in the Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus Say). Behaviour 84:258–264. Sullivan BK 1984. Advertisement call variation and observations on breeding behavior of Bufo debilis and Bufo punctatus.
Journal of Herpetology, 18: 406-411. Sullivan BK 1984. Advertisement call variation and observations on breeding behavior of Bufo debilis and B. punctatus.
Journal of Herpetology 18:406–411. Sullivan BK 1986. Hybridization between the toads Bufo microscaphus and Bufo woodhousei in Arizona: morphological
variation. Journal of Herpetology 20:11–21. Sullivan BK 1989b. Mating system variation in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii). Ethology 83:60–68. Sullivan BK 1990. Natural hybrid between the Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus) and the red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus)
from central Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 50:371–372. Sullivan BK 1992b. Calling behavior in the southwestern toad (Bufo microscaphus). Herpetologica 48:383–389. Sullivan BK 1993. Distribution of the southwestern toad (Bufo microscaphus) in Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 53:402–406. Sullivan BK 1995. Temporal stability in hybridization between Bufo microscaphus and Bufo woodhousii (Anura: Bufonidae):
behavior and morphology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 8:233–247. Sullivan BK, Bowker RW, Malmos KB, Gergus EW. 1996. Arizona distribution of three Sonoran Desert anurans: Bufo
retiformis, Gastrophryne olivacea, and Pternohyla fodiens. The Great Basin Naturalist. 1996:38-47. Sullivan BK, Bowker RW, Malmos KB, Gergus EW. 1996. Arizona distribution of three Sonoran Desert anurans: Bufo
retiformis, Gastrophryne olivacea, and Pternohyla fodiens. The Great Basin Naturalist. 1996 Jan 1:38-47. Sullivan BK, Sullivan EA. 1985. Variation in advertisement calls and male mating success of Scaphiopus bombifrons, S.
couchi, and S. multiplicatus (Pelobatidae). Southwestern Naturalist 30:349–355. Sullivan BK, Wooten J, Schwaner TD, Sullivan KO, Takahashi M. 2015. Thirty years of hybridization between toads along
the Agua Fria River in Arizona: I. Evidence from morphology and mtDNA. Journal of Herpetology 49(1):150-6. Sullivan BK. 1990. Natural hybrid between the Great Plains Toad, Bufo cognatus and the Red-Spotted Toad, Bufo punctatus
from Central Arizona, USA. Great Basin Naturalist, 50: 371-372. Sullivan BK. 1993. Distribution of the southwestern toad (Bufo microscaphus) in Arizona. The Great Basin Naturalist.
53(4):402-6. Sullivan BK. Fernandez PJ. 1999. Breeding activity, estimated age-structure, and growth in Sonoran Desert anurans.
Herpetologica 55:334–343.
Sullivan BK., Malmos KB, Gergus EWA, Bowker RW. 2000. Evolutionary implications of advertisement call variation in Bufo debilis, B. punctatus, and B. retiformis. Journal of Herpetology 34:368–374.
Swanson DL, Graves BD, Koster KL. 1996. Freezing tolerance/intolerance and cryoprotection synthesis in terrestrially overwintering anurans in the Great Plains, USA. Journal of Comparative Physiology B166:110–119.
Swart CC, Taylor RC. 2004. Behavioral interactions between the giant water bug (Belostoma lutarium) and tadpoles of Bufo woodhousii. Southeastern Naturalist 3(1):13-24.
Taggart, T.W. 1997a. Status of Bufo debilis (Anura: Bufonidae) in Kansas. Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter 109:7–12.
Tanner VM. 1939. A study of the genus Scaphiopus, the spade-foot toads. Great Basin Naturalist 1: 3–20. Tanner WW, Fisher DL, Willis TJ. 1971. Notes on the life history of Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum Hallowell
in Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 31:213–222. Tanner WW. 1989. Amphibians of western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 49: 38–70. Taylor EH. 1929. List of reptiles and batrachians of Morton County, Kansas, reporting species new to the state fauna.
University of Kansas Science Bulletin 19:63–65. Taylor EH. 1938 "1936". Notes on the herpetological fauna of the Mexican state of Sinaloa. University of Kansas Science
Bulletin 24: 505–537. Taylor EH. 1939 [1940]. Herpetological miscellany. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 26:489-571. Taylor EH. 1943. Herpetological novelties from Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 29: 343–361. Taylor EH. 1952. Third contribution to the herpetology of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi. University of
Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 793–815. Teacher AGF, Cunningham AA, Garner TWJ 2010. Assessing the long-term impact of Ranavirus infection in
wild common frog populations: Impact of Ranavirus on wild frog populations. Animal Conservation 13: 514–522.
Theimer TC, Drost CA, O'Donnell RP, Mock KE. 2011. Population status and population genetics of Northern Leopard Frogs in Arizona. US Geological Survey; 2011.
Tihen JA. 1937. Additional distributional records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas counties. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 40:401–409.
Tihen JA. 1958. Comments on the osteology and phylogeny of ambystomatid salamanders. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. Biological Sciences 3: 1–50.
Tinsley RC, Tocque K. 1995. 2nd World Congress of Herpetology: The population dynamics of a desert anuran, Scaphiopus couchii. Australian Journal of Ecology 20(3):376-84.
Tinsley RC, Tocque K. 1995. 2nd World Congress of Herpetology: The population dynamics of a desert anuran, Scaphiopus couchii. Australian Journal of Ecology 20(3):376-84.
Tinsley RC. 1990. The influence of parasite infection on mating success in spadefoot toads, Scaphiopus couchii. American Zoologist. 1990 May 1;30(2):313-24.
Tinsley, R. C., and M. J. McCoid. 1996. Feral populations of Xenopus outside Africa. Pages 81- 94 in R. C. Tinsley, and H. R. Kobel, editors. The biology of Xenopus. Clarendon Press for The Zoological Society of London, Oxford, UK.
Tocque K., 1993. The relationship between parasite burden and host resources in the desert toad (Scaphiopus couchii), under natural environmental conditions. Journal of Animal Ecology, pp.683-693.
Treanor RR, Nichola SJ. 1972. A preliminary report of the commercial and sporting utilization of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Shaw in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fish Administrative Report 72-4, Sacramento, California.
Treanor RR. 1975. Management of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) resource in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fish Administrative Report 75-1, Sacramento, California.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2007. Final Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis) recovery plan. Region 2, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. 429 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2008. Biological opinion for Little Green Valley Grazing Allotment (22410-1999-F-0300-R2). Arizona Ecological Services Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, AZ.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2009. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; partial 90-day finding on a petition to list 475 species in the Southwestern United States as threatened or endangered with critical habitat; proposed rule. Federal Register 74(240):66866-66905.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2011. Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates [=Rana] chiricahuensis) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation. Arizona Ecological Services Office, Phoenix, Arizona.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2012. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; listing and designation of critical habitat for the Chiricahua leopard frog; final rule. Federal Register 77(54):16324-16423.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2015. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; threatened species status for the headwater chub and a distinct population segment of the roundtail chub; proposed rule. Federal Register 80(194):60754-60783.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2017. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; threatened species status for the headwater chub and a distinct population segment of the roundtail chub; proposed rule; withdrawal. Federal Register 82(66):16981-16988.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; listing of the Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis); final rule. Federal Register 67(114):40790-40811.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Sonora tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, Albuquerque, NM.
Ultsch GR., Bradford DF, Freda J. 1999. Physiology: coping with the environment. Pp. 189–214. In McDiarmid, R.W. and R. Altig (Eds.), Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
Van Devender TR. 1969. A record of albinism in the Canyon Tree Frog, Hyla arenicolor Cope. Herpetologica 25(1), 69. Vásquez T, Pfennig KS. 2007. Looking on the bright side: females prefer coloration indicative of male size and condition in
the sexually dichromatic spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus couchii. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62(1):127-35. Vaughan TA. 1961. Vertebrates inhabiting pocket gopher burrows in Colorado. Journal of Mammal. 42:171–174. Volpe EP. 1957b. Embryonic temperature adaptations in highland Rana pipiens. American Naturalist 9:303–310. Voyles J, Johnson LR, Rohr J, Kelly R, Barron C, Miller D, Minster J, Rosenblum EB. 2017. Diversity in growth patterns among
strains of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across extended thermal optima. Oecologia. 184(2):363-73.
Wagner G. 1997. Status of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Alberta. Wildlife Status Report, Number 9, Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, Edmonton, Alberta.
Wake DB. 1961. The Distribution of the Sinaloa Narrow-Mouthed Toad, Gastrophryne mazatlanensis (Taylor). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences: Vol. 60: 88-92.
Walker C.F. 1946. The amphibians of Ohio. Part I. Frogs and toads. Ohio State Museum of Science Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 3, Columbus, Ohio.
Walker JM. 1963. Amphibians and reptiles of Jackson Parish, Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Science 26:91–101.
Walker RF, Whitford WG. 1970. Soil water absorption capabilities in selected species of anurans. Herpetologica 26:411–418. Walters B. 1975. Studies of interspecific predation within an amphibian community. Journal of Herpetology 9:267–279. Wasserman AO. 1970. Scaphiopus couchii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (CAAR). 1970. Watermolen DJ. 1995. A key to the eggs of Wisconsin’s amphibians. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Research
Report Number 165, Madison, Wisconsin. Wayne HL, Shewchuk CH. 1995. Natural history notes: Scaphiopus intermontanus (Great Basin spadefoot). Production of
odor. Herpetological Review 26:98–99. Weil, A.T. and W. Davis. 1994. Bufo alvarius: a potent hallucinogen of animal origin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 41:1–8. Wells KD 1977. The social behavior of anuran amphibians. Animal Behaviour 25:666–693. Werne EE, Glennemeier KS. 1999. Influence of forest canopy cover on the breeding pond distributions of several amphibian
species. Copeia 1999:1–12. Whitaker JO, Rubin D, Munsee JR. 1977. Observations on food habits of four species of spadefoot toads, genus
Scaphiopus. Herpetologica, pp.468-475. Whorley J. 1999. AmphibiaWeb 2001 Spea intermontana: Great Basin Spadefoot <http://amphibiaweb.org/species/5280>
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Aug 24, 2019. Wiens JJ, Titus TA. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of Spea (Anura: Pelobatidae). Herpetologica 47: 21–28. Wilks BJ. 1963. Some aspects of the ecology and population dynamics of the pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) in southern
Texas. Texas Journal of Science 15:241–283. Winter, K. E., Dibble, C. J., Smith, G. R., & Lemos-Espinal, J. A. (2007). Hyla arenicolor (Canyon treefrog). Diet.
Herpetological Review, 38(3), 323-323. Woodward BD. 1983a. Tadpole size and predation in the Chihuahuan Desert. Southwestern Naturalist 29:232–233.
Woodward BD. 1983a. Tadpole size and predation in the Chihuahuan Desert. Southwestern Naturalist 29:232–233. Woodward BD. 1983b. Predator-prey interactions and breeding-pond use by temporary-pond species in a desert anuran
community. Ecology 64:1549–1555. Woodward, B.D. 1987c. Interactions between Woodhouse's toad tadpoles (Bufo woodhousii) of mixed sizes. Copeia
1987:380–385. Wooten JA, Klooster MR, Brown AD, Bradford PR, Schwaner TD, Sullivan BK. 2018. Characterization of eight
microsatellite markers for use in studies of genetic diversity and hybridization in Bufo microscaphus and Bufo woodhousii (Anura: Bufonidae) in Arizona, USA. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 47(2):45-53.
Wooten JA, Sullivan BK, Klooster MR, Schwaner TD, Sullivan KO, Brown AD, Takahashi M, Bradford PR. 2019. Thirty Years of Hybridization between Toads along the Agua Fria River in Arizona: Part II: Fine-Scale Assessment of Genetic Changes over Time Using Microsatellites. Journal of Herpetology 53(2):104-14
Wright AH, Wright AA. 1949. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada. Third edition. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York.
Wright AH, Wright AA. 1949. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada. Third edition. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York.
Wright AH, Wright AA. 1949. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press, 1949.
Wright AH. 1929. Synopsis and Diagnostics of North American tadpoles. Proceeding of the United States National Museum 74:1-70.
Yarrow HC. (ed.) 1875. Report upon the collections of batrachians and reptiles made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874. Report upon the U.S. Geographical Explorations and Surveys west of the One Hundredth Meridian.
Yarrow HC. 1875. Report upon the collections of batrachians and reptiles made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona during the years 1871, 1872, 1872, and 1874. Wheeler, G. M. ed., Report upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian in Charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Under the Direction of Brig. Gen. A. A. Humphryes, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. Volume 5 (Zoology), Part. 4: 511–584. Washington, D.C.
Yarrow HC. 1882. Descriptions of new species of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5: 438–444.Zweifel RG. 1970. Descriptive notes on larvae of toads of the debilis group, genus Bufo. American Museum Novitates No. 2407.
Yarrow HC. 1882. Descriptions of new species of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 5: 438–444.
Zack RS, Johnson DG. 2008. Feeding by the Great Basin spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana [Cope]) (Anura: Pelobatidae). Western North American Naturalist, 68(2):241-245.
Zaldı́var-Riverón A, León-Regagnon V, de Oca AN. 2004. Phylogeny of the Mexican coastal leopard frogs of the Rana berlandieri group based on mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30(1):38-49.
Zenisek C.J. 1963. A study of the natural history and ecology of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens Schreiber. Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Zweifel RG 1961. Larval Development of the Tree Frogs Hyla arenicolor and Hyla wrightorum American Museum Novitates Zweifel RG. 1956. A survey of the frogs of the augusti group, genus Eleutherodactylus. American Museum Novitates 1813: 1–
35. Zweifel RG. 1956b. Two pelobatid frogs from the Tertiary of North America and their relationships to fossil and recent
forms. American Museum Novitates, Number 1762, American Museum of Natural History. Zylstra ER, Steidl RJ, Swann DE, Ratzlaff K (2015) Hydrologic Variability Governs Population Dynamics of a Vulnerable
Amphibian in an Arid Environment. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0125670. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125670 Zylstra ER, Swann DE, Steidl RJ. 2019. Surface‐water availability governs survival of an amphibian in arid mountain streams.
Freshwater Biology 64(1):164-74.