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REGIONAL COOPERATION IN TERTIARY EDUCATIONIN MENA
Nina ArnholdSenior Education Specialist
Education Global Practice
Bologna Policy ForumYerevan
14 May 2015
Structure of the Presentation
1. Talking about MENA…2. The state of higher education in MENA3. An ‘Arab Higher Education Space’?4. Regional cooperation – some examples
a. Quality assurance - ANQAHE
b. World Bank governance and QA program
c. Other examples
Talking about MENA… (I)
Talking about MENA… (II)
The state of higher education in MENA (I)
• Massive expansion like in other regions. Over the last decade:• Increase in enrollment by factor 2.5 • Female enrollment rates (Tunisia 62.3% female students in
2012/13)• Number of HEIs doubled• Percentage of private institutions 35%; sub-regional importance of
branch institutions• Mixed picture employment outcomes • Reform options – view to the US; view to Europe• Quality assurance arrangements – different options • Financing: ‘public systems’ vs. ‘private systems’ – and not much
innovation in terms of mechanisms• University autonomy – still under discussion… (differences between
countries)
Source: Savic, n.d. ; BEPP, MoHESR 2013; El Hassan, 2013 and authors
The state of higher education in MENA (I)Employment outcomes - example Tunisia
Total
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2.2
6.8
3.1
1.5
2.3
9.1
3.1
0.2
Labor Force Employment
Growth Rate 2005-2010 (%)
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
55-64
35-54
25-34
15-24
Rural
Urban
Total
-5 0 5 10 15 20
18.7
3.6
-4.2
1
1.9
14.8
0.7
4.9
13.5
18.4
Yearly Empl. Deficit 2007-2010 (x1000)
Source: TN Labor Force Survey 2010/11, World Bank staff calculations
An “Arab Higher Education Space”?
• A common language but…• Mobility within the region, inter-regional
migration• Arab regional conferences in 1998, 2009• Interest by institutional actors, e.g. ISESCO• Bologna as a reference system but also other
reference systems• Well functioning teams of ‘Bologna experts’ in
some countries• Systematic, medium term support would be
needed
Regional cooperation: examples (I)Arab Network for Quality Assurance Agencies (ANQAHE)
• Established in June 2007• Independent, nongovernmental and non for profit organization • Includes 10 QAAs as full members and 5 QA Centres as
associated members from 15 countries out of the 22 Arab Countries• Exchange of information and dissemination of good practice• Developed standards for external QA in the region
Source: Nadia Badrawi, Ankara, 06 May 2015; ANQAHE website
Regional cooperation: examples (II) World Bank University Governance & QA Program in MENA
A partnership between the World Bank and the Center for Mediterranean Integration covering:
- Analytical work- “Breaking even or breaking through. Reaching
financial sustainability…”, 2011- “Internationalization of higher education in MENA.
Policy issues associated with skills formation and mobility”, n.d.
- “Benchmarking governance as a tool for promoting change”, 2013
- Benchmarking – 100 universities in 7 (now 8) MENA countries
- Community of practice
University GovernanceScreening Card – Dimensions Outlook
DIMENSION 1: CONTEXT, MISSION and GOALS •Are the missions of the University formally and stably stated?
DIMENSION 2: MANAGEMENT •Are the management mechanisms market-oriented or traditional?
DIMENSION 3: AUTONOMY •What is the degree of academic, staffing, and financial autonomy?
DIMENSION 4: ACCOUNTABILITY •How much is the university held responsible vis à vis its stakeholders?
DIMENSION 5: PARTICIPATION •Do the stakeholders have a voice in decision making?
Regional cooperation: examples (II) World Bank University Governance & QA Program in MENA
2013/14 2014/15ffPre- 2013/14
• Consultations• Knowledge products• Dissemination
Ongoing consultations with relevant stakeholders and
partners
Regional event: Formation of 100-university network, Rabat, Dec. 2012
Consultations with University Network: Development of Action Plans at institutional level
Regional Event on Governance and Quality Assurance, Tunis
June 2014
Creation of a University Governance and Quality Community of Practice
Regional (MENA) Meeting: 2015Inter-regional Meeting: 2016
Tested university governance benchmarking tool, endorsed by
Arab League
Governance Action Plans of individual universities
University Governance Screening Card. Version 2.0
Online Benchmarking Tool
First round of benchmarking exercise - documenting status quo
ENHANCED CAPACITYSecond round of benchmarking exercise with larger number of
countries/institutions
Active 100+ universities network – committed to benchmarking exercise and exchange of good practice
Improved higher education governance in MENA countries (and beyond) – evidenced through benchmarking results
Activi-ties
Outputs
Results
‘Benchmarking Governance”’, other knowledge products
Dissemination of ‘Benchmarking Governance’ Report, Sept. 2013
‘Lessons learned in implementing Action Plans for Governance and
Quality’ Dissemination
Regional cooperation: examples (II) World Bank University Governance & QA Program in MENA
Regional cooperation: examples (III)Supporting transparency
Source: U-Multirank (information provided by U-Multirank team)
• U-Multirank: EC supported, multidimensional ranking
• Participating MENA institutions: total 33• Egypt 5• Iran 15• Jordan 1• Lebanon 2• Morocco 2• Palestine 1• Saudi Arabia 5• Tunisia 1• UAE 1
Regional cooperation: examples (IV)Tuning MEDA (Middle East North Africa)
• “Tuning has developed into a process to (re-)design, develop, implement, evaluate and enhance quality first, second and third cycle degree programmes.”
• Coordinating institution:University of Deusto, ES
• Dec. 2013 – Nov. 2016• Subject areas included in the
project: law, nursing, architecture, tourism
• Earlier Tuning project included medicine in North Africa
Source: http://tuningmeda.org/tuning-meda/