Regional energy situation - North Sumatra

1 final draft ……………………………………. do not cite or quote

Task D-9

Energy Situation and Base Case Scenario

North Sumatera Province

final draft


CONVERSION OF ENERGY UNIT TO BOE

Type of Energy Origin Unit Multiplier to BOE

Coal Coal *) Ton 4,0000 Coal Briquette *) Ton 3,5000 Biomass Charcoal *) M3 1,0000 Wood *) M3 0,5000 Natural Gas Natural Gas MSCF 0,1796 Natural Gas M3 0,0063 LPG Ton 8,5246 Crude Oil Condensat Barrel 0,9545 Crude Oil Barrel 1,0000 Oil Product Avgas KiloLiter 5,5530 Avtur KiloLiter 5,8907 Gasoline KiloLiter 5,8275 Kerosene KiloLiter 5,9274 Automotive Diesel Oil KiloLiter 6,4871 Industrial Diesel Oil KiloLiter 6,6078 Fuel Oil KiloLiter 6,9612 Geothermal MWh 1,5937 Hydropower MWh 1,5937 Electricity MWh 0,6130 Source: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, except *) are estimation


Glossary

BBL Barrel

BPS Board of Statistic Center ( Badan Pusat Statistik)

Elasticity of Energyy Final Use

Growth of final use Activity divided by growth of GRDP

Final Energy Energy that is used at consumer point

Primary Energy Energy in the first form or in the original form in nature

Secondary Energy Energy that is derivated of processed from primary energy

Poverty Line Minimum physical basic need per capita, consist of food 2,100 calory/capita/day, clothes, transportation, school,and other basic need; note that the value is different from one place to the other.

GWh Giga Watt hour

Intensity The specific amount of energy for each activity unit

KL Kilo litre

Kmc Kilo meter circuit

kV kilo Volt

kVA kilo Volt Ampere

kW kilo Watt

MBBL Million Barrel

MMBTU Million British Thermal Unit

MMSCF Million Standard Cubic Feet

MSCF Million Standard Cubic Feet

MSCFD Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day

MMSTB Million Stock Tank Barrel

MSTB Thousand Stock Tank Barrel

MVA Mega Volt Ampere

MW Mega Watt

MWe Mega Watt electric

MWh Mega Watt hour

GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product, That is the total out put of economy from a region

Electrification Ratio The number of electrified households divided by total number of households

BOE Barrel of Oil Equivalent

Susenas Sensus of National Social Economy

Wp ADO IDO FO PT

Watt peak Automotive Diesel Oil Industrial Diesel Oil Fuel Oil Prefix for stated owned companies


Chapter 1

General Information of the Region

1.1 Introduction

There are roughly 12.3 million people in the North Sumatra Province, which is mainly a

rural area, except for the city of Medan (pop. approx. 5 million). Some 500,000 people

live under the poverty line and do not have access to electricity. Approximately 86% of

the villages are connected to the grid; the household electrification ratio is 72.7%.

Sumatera Utara has an important role in the development of palm oil (15.7% or

1,023,350 ha). With its contribution in area equal to 15.7%, the contribution of crude

palm oil (CPO) is 21.3%. With private plantation amounting to 377,336.70 ha, community

plantation equal to 367,741.02 ha and 278,272.28 ha being the property of PT.

Perkebunan Nusantara. The production of biodiesel at this moment is 34 tons per day,

with 12 tons/day coming from PT. Pamina Energy & PT. Perkebunan Nusantara 4,

and 22 tons/day coming from private companies.

The other renewable energy sources in North Sumatra are geothermal, mini hydro and

large scale hydropower.

During the past years several initiatives have been under taken to formally

establish the regional energy forum and regional technical team, but so far the regional

government has not given its official approval. The regional technical team is very

important to be established and the University of Sumatera Utara tries to convince the

regional government to support the establishment.

1.2 Macro- and socio economic

1.2.1 Geographic

The North Sumatera Province is located at 1°- 4° latitude and 98°– 100° longitude.

Total land area of North Sumatera Province is 71,680 km2. It borders Aceh provinceien

on the northwest and Riau and West Sumatra provinceien on the southeast. The map

of North Sumatera Province is shown in Figure 1.1.


Source: Wikipedia

Figure 1.1 Map of North Sumatera Province

The province contains a broad, low plain along the Strait of Malacca coast; in the

northeast; the provincial capital, Medan, is located here. In the south and west, the

land rises to the mountain range that runs the length of Sumatra; the mountains here

are dominated by Lake Toba. Several large islands in the Indian Ocean off the

southwest coast of Sumatra are part of North Sumatra, most notably Nias, Tanah Bala,

Tanah Masa, and Pini.

1.2.2 Urban/Rural

1.2.2.1 Regencies and Cities

In 2005, North Sumatera Province was divided into 18 regencies (kabupaten) and 7

cities (kota); 328 subdistricts (kecamatan); 5,086 villages (desa) and 382 villages in city

regions (kelurahan). The regencies/cities and its capitals are listed in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Regencies/Cities in North Sumatera Province

No. Regency (R)/City (C) Capital

1 Tapanuli Tengah (R) Sibolga

2 Tapanuli Utara (R) Tarutung

3 Tapanuli Selatan (R) Padang Sidempuan

4 Nias (R) Gunungsitoli

5 Langkat (R) Stabat

6 Karo (R) Kabanjahe

7 Deli Serdang (R) Lubukpakam

8 Simalungun (R) Pematangsiantar

9 Asahan (R) Kisaran


10 Labuhan Batu (R) Rantauprapat

11 Dairi (R) Sidikalang

12 Toba Samosir (R) Balige

13 Mandailing Natal (R) Penyabungan

14 Nias Selatan (R) Teluk Dalam

15 Pakpak Bharat (R) Salak

16 Humbang Hasundutan (R) Dolok Sanggul

17 Samosir (R) Panguruan

18 Serdang Bedagai (R) Sei Rampah

19 Medan (C) -

20 Pematangsiantar (C) -

21 Sibolga (C) -

22 Tanjung Balai (C) -

23 Binjai (C) -

24 Tebing Tinggi (C) -

25 Padang Sidempuan (C) - Source: BPS of North Sumatera Province, 2007

In 2008, following administrative and political evolutions, there are three new

regencies in North Sumatera Province, i.e. Regency of Batu Bara (the capital is Lima

Puluh), Regency of Padang Lawas Utara (the capital is Gunung Tua), and Regency of

Padang Lawas (the capital is Sibuhuan).

1.2.2.2Population

Total population of North Sumatera Province in 2005 was 12,326,678 persons; with the

number of household being 2,717,020 households; and the average household size

was 4.54 persons per household. The most populated city in North Sumatera is Medan,

in which the population in 2005 was 2,036,185 persons or 16.5% of total province.

Medan is also the fourth largest city in Indonesia. The average density in this province

was 172 persons/km2. The population growth of this province during 2000 – 2005 was

1.35% per year. In Table 1.2, population and density of each regency/city of North

Sumatera Province in 2005 are given.


Table 1.2 Population of North Sumatera Province in 2005

No Regency/City Population

(persons)

Number of

Households

Area

(km2)

Density

(person/km2)

Regency

1 Nias 441,807 81,918 3,495.39 126

2 Mandailing Natal 386,150 86,346 6,618.79 58

3 Tapanuli Selatan 626,702 138,030 12,138.30 52

4 Tapanuli Tengah 283,035 59,558 2,188.00 129

5 Tapanuli Utara 256,201 56,437 3,726.52 69

6 Toba Samosir 158,677 39,792 2,474.40 64

7 Labuhan Batu 951,773 207,119 9,223.18 103

8 Asahan 1,024,369 224,246 4,580.75 224

9 Simalungun 826,101 196,071 4,386.60 188

10 Dairi 261,287 58,718 1,927.80 136

11 Karo 316,207 83,344 2,127.29 149

12 Deli Serdang 1,569,638 348,728 2,407.96 652

13 Langkat 970,433 222,346 6,263.30 155

14 Nias Selatan 288,233 53,249 1,825.20 158

15 Humbang Hasundutan 152,997 33,702 2,335.33 66

16 Pakpak Bharat 34,542 7,763 1,218.30 28

17 Samosir 131,073 28,463 2,069.05 63

18 Serdang Bedagai 588,176 133,431 1,989.98 296

City

19 Sibolga 88,717 18,731 10.77 8,237

20 Tanjung Balai 152,814 31,390 60.52 2,525

21 Pematang Siantar 230,487 51,599 79.99 2,881

22 Tebing Tinggi 135,671 30,629 37.99 3,571

23 Medan 2,036,185 422,922 265.10 7,681

24 Binjai 237,904 52,000 90.33 2,634

25 Padang Sidempuan 177,499 50,488 140.00 1,268

Total Province 12,326,678 2,717,020 71,680.84 172 Source: BPS of North Sumatera Province, 2005

1.2.3 Macroeconomic Condition

The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of North Sumatera Province in 2005 was

Rp 87,897.8 billion (around USD 9.3 billion), and GRDP per capita was Rp 7,33 million

(around USD 756) per person per year see Tabel 1.3. There are three sectors that have


the largest contribution in this province, ie. agriculture, manufacturing industry, and

commercial sector. These three sectors contributed 67% to the total GRDP. The GRDP

per sector/activity of North Sumatera Province in 2000 – 2005 is shown in Table 1.4.

Tabel 1.3 GRDP by Regency/City in 2005

No Regency/City GRDP

(Billion Rp) GRDP/Capita

(million Rp/cap/yr)

Regency

1 Nias 1.552,60 3,51

2 Mandailing Natal 1.492,09 3,86

3 Tapanuli Selatan 2.584,57 4,12

4 Tapanuli Tengah 889,37 3,14

5 Tapanuli Utara 1.232,29 4,81

6 Toba Samosir 1.354,44 8,54

7 Labuhan Batu 8.533,06 8,97

8 Asahan 9.768,12 9,54

9 Simalungun 4.370,08 5,29

10 Dairi 1.634,14 6,25

11 Karo 2.600,53 8,22

12 Deli Serdang 10.785,18 6,87

13 Langkat 5.724,01 5,90

14 Nias Selatan 1.000,49 3,47

15 Humbang Hasundutan 763,54 4,99

16 Pakpak Barat 126,68 3,67

17 Samosir 843,74 6,44

18 Serdang Bedagai 3.379,77 5,75

City

19 Sibolga 563,74 6,35

20 Tanjung Balai 1.142,13 7,47

21 Pematang Siantar 1.649,97 7,16

22 Tebing Tinggi 876,39 6,46

23 Medan 25.271,63 12,41

24 Binjai 1.540,91 6,48

25 Padang Sidempuan 702,10 3,96

Total 87 897,80 7,33


Table 1.4 GRDP sector/activity of North Sumatera Province in 2001 – 2005

GRDP (Constant 2005 million Rp) No Sector

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Agriculture 19,683,516 20,182,424 20,689,486 21,465,423 22,191,305

2 Mining 1,151,889 1,146,165 1,130,654 1,009,921 1,074,751

3 Manufacture Industry 17,618,404 18,504,467 19,298,237 20,231,995 21,197,443

4 Utility 585,702 626,848 660,798 681,199 716,251

5 Construction 4,008,850 4,278,720 4,536,031 4,883,081 5,515,982

6 Commercial Service 13,292,558 13,951,004 14,353,390 15,230,316 15,984,925

7 Transportation 4,767,714 5,346,583 5,905,555 6,702,179 7,379,922

8 Financial Service 4,210,419 4,445,815 4,749,771 5,077,295 5,440,497

9 Other Services 6,509,307 6,707,117 7,481,688 7,942,505 8,288,790

Total 71,908,359 75,189,141 78,805,609 83,328,949 87,897,791

Source: BPS of North Sumatera Province, 2005

Average GRDP growth during 2000 – 2005 was 4.76% per year, and average inflation in

the same period was 11.56% (see Tabel 1.5). But this inflation was not a normal

inflation. This inflation was mainly caused by the increase of domestic oil fuel price,

especially in 2005 when the domestic oil fuel price increased by around 150%.

Table 1.5 GRDP Growth and Inflation of North Sumatera Province in 2000 – 2005

No 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 GRDP Growth (%) 3.72 4.07 4.81 5.74 5.48

2 Inflation (%) 14.79 9.59 4.23 6.80 22.41

1.2.3.1 Household

Household is divided into 2 areas namely urban and rural and further divided in 4 categories based on the poverty line as follows :

- Category A : Under Poverty Line - Category B : Under 1.5X Poverty Line - Category C : Middle Income - Category D : 20% Highest Income

From the tri-annual Susenas census data, it appears that the population in the higher income categories in urban is increasing and the lower income population becomes less (middle income is 54.63 %) but in rural area the poorer population becomes bigger and


also the 20 % highest income become higher (Tabel 1.6). This condition is caused by the increasing domestic fuel prices. The amount of rural inhabitants is larger then the urban residents in almost all income classes, only the middle class shows for some years a majority of urban people.

Tabel 1.6 Population by Income Category

Population (person) Area Income Category

1999 2002 2005

Urban Under Poverty Line 890,177 675,253 403,880

Under 1.5X Poverty Line 1,692,894 1,732,964 1,113,296

Middle Income 1,604,569 1,766,290 2,854,850

20% Highest Income 770,678 790,308 853,590

Sub Total 4,958,319 4,964,815 5,225,616

Rural Under Poverty Line 990,225 1,211,646 1,585,665

Under 1.5X Poverty Line 2,311,103 2,016,237 2,361,282

Middle Income 1,365,888 2,784,327 2,110,713

20% Highest Income 1,750,206 892,667 1,043,402

Sub Total 6,417,421 6,904,877 7,101,062

1.2.3.2 Commercial. Data for the Commercial sector are taken from the annual industry census in 2001 – 2005. The value added for the largest contributor restaurant is 47.69 % and value added for social service as second is 26.20 % (Tabel 1.7). This means that primarily food and other personnal service enjoy a stable and increasing business. The small contribution of lodging, and amusement sevices mean that there is not so much tourism (national and international) coming to Sumatera Utara.

Tabel 1.7 Value Added of Commercial Sector Value Added (Constant 2005 Million Rp)

No Subsector 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Hotel and Lodging 222,750

249,803

231,186

248,141

249,752

2 Restaurant 11,849,510

12,391,600

12,721,457

13,495,695

14,172,973

3 Trading 1,220,298

1,309,600

1,400,748

1,486,480

1,562,200

4 Financial & Business Service 4,210,419

4,445,815

4,749,771

5,077,295

5,440,497

5 Amusement Service 410,255

427,505

455,448

479,928

503,613

6 Social Service 6,099,051

6,279,612

7,026,240

7,462,578

7,785,178

Total 24,012,284

25,103,936

26,584,849

28,250,117

29,714,213

Source: BPS, North Sumatera in Numbers 2006


1.2.3.3 Industry

The highest industrial added value in Sumatera Utara is from food production and

processing, at approximatly 61.18 % of the total value added of manufacturing

industry. Second is chemistry with about 18.97 %. The annual increase rate of value

added is similar for almost all industrial subsectors (Tabel 1.8) amounting to 4.86% on

average.

Tabel 1.8 Value Added of Manufacture Industry Sector Value Added (Constant 2005 Million Rp)

No Subsector 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Food 10,548,792

11,135,106

11,684,565

12,365,022

12,968,530

2 Textile 114,305

115,152

115,334

118,987

123,523

3 Wood 1,117,581

1,116,208

1,146,956

1,191,832

1,246,759

4 Paper 155,834

148,677

156,052

160,922

165,086

5 Chemistry 3,342,370

3,526,384

3,664,470

3,848,926

4,021,194

6 Non Metal 765,297

798,350

841,748

868,237

917,097

7 Metal 967,120

1,053,053

1,066,468

1,123,768

1,162,385

8 Machinery 500,213

478,805

488,979

522,737

559,224

9 Others 23,402

30,383

31,470

31,564

33,644

Total 17,534,913

18,402,119

19,196,043

20,231,995

21,197,443

Source: BPS, North Sumatera in Numbers 2006 1.2.3.4 Transportation The number of vechicles for transportation increased significantly between 2001 and 2005. The average annual growth of motocycle is 19.9 % and growth of aviation is very high averaging 32.9 % annually. The average annual growth of train is lower at just 1.8 % (Tabel 1.9). It shows that growth in the utilisation of public transportation is quite low and the utilisation of motocycle is very high. From of this kind of utilisation results the amount of energy consumption especially Gasoline becomes the most important fuel.


Tabel 1.9 Transportation No Type of Mode 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Passenger Car (unit) 169,741 180,521 192,596 207,614 226,043

2 Motorcycle (unit) 952,361 1,084,051 1,300,995 1,568,048 1,864,980

3 Bus (unit) 26,035 26,566 27,106 27,621 28,160

4 Truck (unit) 128,985 135,838 144,233 154,420 166,221

5 Train (million rupiah) 2,430 2,490 2,540 2,580 2,600

6 Ferry (million rupiah) 35,017 36,164 40,175 42,681 43,789

7 Ship (million rupiah) 25,143 24,316 29,390 27,474 28,487

8 Aeroplane (million rupiah) 697,766 964,633 1,264,096 1,830,823 1,932,133 Source: BPS, North Sumatera in Numbers 2006

1.2.3.5 Others.

The growth of the value added of subsectors agriculture, mining and construction is

similar for all three with the average annual growth for agriculture, the most important

subsector, at 3.04 %. The total average annual growth for the other sectors is 3.668 %

(Tabel 1.10).

Tabel 1.10 Value Added of Other Sector Value Added (Constant 2005 Million Rp)

No Subsector 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Agriculture

19,683,516

20,182,424

20,689,486

21,465,423 22,191,305

2 Mining

1,151,889

1,146,165

1,130,654

1,009,921 1,074,751

3 Construction

4,088,850

4,278,720

4,536,031

4,883,081 5,515,982

Total 24,924,256

25,607,308

26,356,171

27,358,426

28,782,038

Source: BPS, North Sumatera in Numbers 2006


Chapter 2

Primary Energy Supply

2.1 Oil and Oil Product

North Sumatera Province has oil reserves for an amount of 45.28 MMSTB in 2005

which consists of 34.90 MMSTB for proven reserve and 10.38 MMSTB for potential.

These numbers correspond to 0.5% of the national total oil reserve or 0.8% of the

national proven oil reserves. Most oil reserves in North Sumatera are found onshore,

that is Rantau Field near to Pangkalan Brandan Oil Refinery. The oil reserves in North

Sumatera are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Oil Reserves 2005

Reserves (MSTB) Location

Proven Potential Total

Langkat 19,466.00 10,194.00 29,660.00

Deli Serdang 7,551.00 58.68 7,609.68

Binjai 5,207.00 - 5,207.00

Medan 674.1 128.1 802.2

Tapanuli Selatan 2,000.00 - 2,000.00

Total 34,898.10 10,380.78 45,278.88 Source: Mining and Energy Office of North Sumatera Province

There were 11 oil companies active in North Sumatera Province in 2005, but most of

them are still in the field development stage. Pertamina is the largest oil company in

the upstream oil business in North Sumatera. A list of oil companies in North Sumatera

is shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Oil Company in 2005

Production Capacity No Company Regency

Oil (BOPD) Gas (MSCFD)

1 Pertamina DOH Sumbagut Langkat 2,200 80

2 Japex NS (Costa) Langkat 200 12

3 PT.Putra Kencana Diski Petroleum Deli Serdang 10 -

4 PT.Putra Batumandi Petroleum Langkat - - 5 Putra Kencana Basilam Petrogas Langkat - - 6 PT Eksindo Petroleum Langkat - - 7 PT.Caltex Pasific Tapsel - - 8 PT.Caltex Pasific Ind. Kisaran Lab.Batu Lab. Batu - - 9 PT. Sinopec Langkat - -

10 Matrix Oil Asahan Off Shore - - 11 PT. Gunakarsa Glagah Kambuna Energi Off Shore - -

Total 2,410 92

Source: Mining and Energy Office of North Sumatera Province


2.2 Natural Gas

The total natural gas reserves in North Sumatera Province in 2005 were 464.4 BSCF,

with 380.6 BCF of it proven reserve. This is 0.25% of the national total natural gas

reserve and 0.39% of the national proven natural gas reserve. The location of natural

gas reserve in North Sumatera is associated with the oil field (Rantau field). Natural gas

reserves data is shown in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Natural Gas Reserves 2005

Reserves (MMSCF) Location

Proven Potential Total

Langkat 233,591 80,690 314,281

Deli Serdang 143,065 - 143,065

Binjai 38 - 38

Medan 3,933 3,130 7,063

Total 380,627 83,820 464,447 Source: Mining and Energy Office of North Sumatera Province

Natural gas production in North Sumatera Province from Rantau field (Pertamina) in

2005 was 8 MMSCF, decreasing from previous years because the contents of the well

in Rantau field has decreased. Beside this, there is also natural gas production by other

companies.

2.3 Coal

North Sumatera Province has only few amounts of coal reserves, and all of that are still

listed as potential reserve. Most of coal reserves in North Sumatera are found on Nias

Island. Coal reserve in North Sumatera Province in 2005 is shown in Table 2.4. There is

no coal production in this province.

Table 2.4 Coal Reserve 2005

Reserves (ton) No Location

Proven Potential

1 Langkat - 1,800,000

2 Labuhan Batu - 1,000,000

3 Tapanuli Tengah - 4,300,000

4 Tapanuli Selatan - 1,000,000

5 Nias - 20,000,000

Total - 28,100,000 Source: Mining and Energy Office of North Sumatera Province


2.4 Hydropower

Installed Hydropower capacity amount to 91 MW in Renun and Sipan and 6,5 MW

miicro hydro (in the energy profile a total amount of hydro power is mentioned at

212,5 MW, but the PLN-grid-connected capacity is only 97,5 MW, the rest of the hydro

power is in remote locations and certain hydro power plants can not produce

electricity anymore because of water supply problems from deforestation). The

potential in North Sumatera Province is much larger at 3,051 MW; it consists of 3,031

MW of large hydro power, 13.89 MW of mini hydro power, and 6.03 MW of micro

hydro power. The top 5 regions that have hydropower potential are: Regency of

Tapanuli Utara (31%), Regency of Asahan (19%), Regency of Mandailing Natal (19%),

Regency of Langkat (15%), and Regency of Tapanuli Selatan (8%). Hydro power

potential in North Sumatera Province is shown in Table 2.5

Table 2.5 Hydro Potential 2005

Type Potential (kW)

Large – hydro 3,031,300

Mini hydro 13,890

Micro hydro 6,035

Total 3,051,225 Source: Mining and Energy Office of North Sumatera Province

2.5 Geothermal

North Sumatera Province has a relatively large geothermal potency, the reserve is 2

GW and the total resource is 3.67 GW. These numbers are 11.67% of national

geothermal reserve and 11.19% of national geothermal resource. The geothermal

resources in North Sumatera Province are distributed over 4 regencies, ie. : Regency of

Tapanuli Selatan (1,846 MW, 50%), Regency of Tapanuli Utara (1,345 MW, 37%),

Regency of Karo (258 MW, 7%), and Regency of Simalungun (225 MW, 6%), the

geothermal potential in North Sumatera Province in 2005 is shown in Table 2.6

Geothermal potency is already utilized in North Sumatera, although in very small

capacity. The since existing geothermal power plant is in Sibayak, Regency of Karo,

with a capacity of 2 x 5,5 MW. Currently, Sarulla geothermal power plant in Regency of

Tapanuli Utara is being in construction stage. The Sarulla geothermal power plant will

have a capacity of 110 MW, and is planned to be operational in 2010.


Table 2.6 Geothermal Potential 2005

Location Regency

Installed

Capacity

(MW)

Reserves

(MW)

Resources

(MW)

Total

(MW)

Lau Debuk-Debuk Sibayak Karo 2 x 5,5 161 70 233

Marike Karo - - 25 25

Dolok Merawan Simalungun - - 225 225

Pusuk Buhit, DanauToba Tapanuli Utara - - 225 225

Simbolon Samosir Tapanuli Utara - - 225 225

Pagaran Tapanuli Utara - - 225 225

Hela Toba Tapanuli Utara - - 25 25

Sarulla Tapanuli Utara - 335 100 435

Namorailangit Tapanuli Utara - 210 - 210

Sipoholon Ria-Ria Tapanuli Selatan - - 225 225

Sibual-Buali Tapanuli Selatan - 556 - 556

Sibuhuan Tapanuli Selatan - - 100 100

S.Merapi-Sampuraga Tapanuli Selatan - 420 - 420

Sampuraga Tapanuli Selatan - - 225 225

Robuan Tapanuli Selatan - 320 - 320

Total 11 2,002 1,670 3,674


2.6 Other Renewable Energy

Other renewable energy in North Sumatera Province that is already utilized is solar

energy or solar photovoltaic. Solar energy utilization in this province is developed

through government programmes. The total installed capacity of solar photovoltaic in

North Sumatera is 27.1 kW.

In Table 2.7 and 2.8, biomass and biogas potential in North Sumatera Province in 2005

are presented. Utilization of biomass and biogas has not been recorded yet.


Table 2.7 Biomass Potential 2005

Biomass Potential (Ton) Regency/City

Rice Husk Coconut Shell Oil Palm Shell Sugar Cane Waste

Deli Serdang 714,661.0 3,695.0 486,195.0 144,409.0

Karo 13,194.0 - - -

Simalungun 9,989,6 - 19,312,2 -

Pakpak 31,755.0 159.0 5,216.0 -

Pakpak Bharat 65,356.0 5,089,2 70,422.1 -

Asahan 1,062.0 2,743.0 - -

Tanjung Balai 47.7 287,418.0 69,467.7 -

Labuhan 89,761.2 252.8 2,303.3

Labuhan Batu 74,816,5 - - -

Tapanuli Selatan 87,634.0 88.0 1,220.0 -

Tapanuli Utara 61,717.0 4,729.0 381.6 96,000.0

Total 1,065,187.8 298,832.0 632,520.8 240,409.0


Table 2.8 Biogas Potential 2005

Potential of Biogas from Cattle Waste (ton) Regency/City

Cow Lamb Pig Buffalo

Medan 21,516 21,256 4,660 4,228

Deli Serdang 173,544 56,150 71,999 50,631

Karo 91,773 13,599 51,589 168,690

Simalungun 40,344 669,545 30,536 570,756

Dairi 7,918 3,342 50,974 40,707

Pakpak Barat 865 2,241 4,480 22,445

Asahan 89,085 146,172 61,104 53,327

Tanjung Balai 183 2,828 453 335

Labuhan Batu 40,403 50,605 29,528 10,665

Tapanuli Utara 52,493 22,489 644,993 474,826

Humbang Hasundutan 2,328 1,899 21,633 85,715

Tapanuli Tengah 5,412 9,996 56,099 73,913

Tapanuli Selatan 216,572 42,819 - 340,384

Nias 5,989 7,539 240,860 5,562

Total 748,425 1,050,480 1,268,908 1,902,184



Chapter 3

Transformation

3.1 Electricity generation

The largest power plant in Sumatera Utara using combined cycle technology amounts

to 57.13 % of the total power plant capacity of 1,270.69 MW. At the moment steam

power plant covers 15.96 %, mini hydro power plant is spread in remote areas (Tabel

3.1).

Tabel 3.1 Capacity and Location of Power Plants

No Type of Plantcombine

cycle Location Installed Capacity (MW) Rated Capacity (MW)

1 Diesel PP Belawan 24.85 21.20

2 Steam PP Belawan 260.00 203.00

3 Gas Turbine PP Belawan 123.13 96.00

4 Combined Cycle PP Belawan 817.88 726.00

5 Hydro/Microhydro PP Pandan 213.12 212.50

6 Diesel PP 15.72 11.99

Total 1,454.69 1,270.69

Source: State of Electricy Company of North Sumatera Province

The amount of fuel used in at the power plants is dominated by Industrial Diesel Oil

(73.49%) in 2005 which is increasing compared to the years before and second

utilisation fuel is FO (25.38 %), the other fuel for power plants is Natural gas (Tabel

3.2).


Tabel 3.2. Type of Plant and Fuel Type

Fuel Consumption No

Type of

Plant

Fuel

Type Unit

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 Steam PP FO Liter 263,541,887 280,993,473 342,960,149 306,074,359 323,471,576

2 Steam PP

Natural

Gas MMBtu 120,954 44,785 18,981 166,130 328,057

3

Combined

Cycle PP ADO Liter 207,908,856 380,611,401 507,506,094 650,016,027 773,159,060

4

Combined

Cycle PP

Natural

Gas MMBtu 24,998,638 21,790,528 17,919,765 18,882,744 13,929,994

5

Gas

Turbine

PP ADO Liter 58,040,900 80,684,600 54,497,900 55,702,958 134,990,100

6 Diesel PP ADO Liter 9,785,563 14,972,471 10,789,410 14,417,879 19,704,471

7

Diesel PP

Isolated ADO Liter 7,170,354 7,963,165 8,651,745 9,448,374 8,439,798

Total

HSD Liter 282,905,673 484,231,637 581,445,149 729,585,238 936,293,429

Total

FO Liter 263,541,887 280,993,473 342,960,149 306,074,359 323,471,576

Total

Natural

Gas MMBtu 25,119,592 21,835,313 17,938,746 19,048,874 14,258,051


3.2 Electricity grid

Sumatera Utara transmission line uses an interconnected 150 kV line passing several

substations with a lenght of 3,274 kmc. It is also directly coupled to Inalum (hydro

power plant to supply bauxite smelter) with 275 kV voltage (substation 275/150 kV).

The distribution line to serve the consumers uses the 20 kV and futher using the

distribution transformer (20 kV/380/220 V). (Tabel 3.3)

Tabel 3.3 Electricity grid

No Line Type Length (kmc)

1 High Voltage 150 kV 3,274

2 Intermediate Voltage 20 kV 21,659

3 Low Voltage 380/220 V 22,466


The transmission losses are 2.35 % and distribution losses are 13.5 % at 2005.

3.3 Refinery .

Pangkalan Berandan is a crude oil refinery which is supplied with crude from Rantau

and but the last production year for this refinery is 2005 (Tabel 3.4 and 3.5).


Tabel 3.4 Oil Refinary

No Refinery Name Company Location Capacity

(MBBL/Year)

1 P.Berandan Pertamina P.Berandan 1,825

Total 1,825


Tabel 3.5 Production of Refinery

Production (KL/Year) No

Refinery Name

Type of Product 2001 2002 2003 2004

1 P.Berandan Oil Fuel 84,556.20 88,722.00 89,517.00 80,795.61

Kerosene - - - 48,659.04

Automotive Diesel Oil - - - 22,741.18

Fuel Oil - - - 9,395.40

Non Oil Fuel: 64,808.40 67,241.10 63,377.40 81,888.90

LPG - - - 21,294.00

Others - - - 60,594.90

Total 149,364.60 155,963.10 152,894.40 162,684.51


3.4 Others

Coal bricket in Sumatera Utara entirely is imported (coming from Jambi, Sumatera

Barat and Kalimantan) , also LPG is entirely imported from Jawa.


Chapter 4

Final Energy Consumption

4.1 Final energy by fuel

The final energy consumption of 25.5 million BOE is dominated by oil products (80%)

which on its turn are dominated by gasoline and Automotive Diesel Oil (ADO). These

are mainly used in transport (Figure 4.1 and 4.2). Electricity takes about 11% and

Natural gas and Biomass (mainly wood) take each about 4-5%.

Figure 4.1 Final Energy in SumUt 2005

Figure 4.2 Final Energy Consumption in SumUt 2005


Oil products are consumed mostly in the transport sector, but also households and

industry show a considerable use. The commercial and other sector consume each

about 1.5 million BOE. Electricity is mainly used in households, followed by industry

and commercial. Natural gas is almost exclusively used in industry, there is little use in

households and commercial, and wood is only used in households (Figure4.3).


4.2 Final energy by sector 4.2.1 Households urban/rural, Final energy consumption in households is dominated by Kerosene (49-54%), and both in rural and urban areas (Figure 4.4). Electricity is equally used but to a lesser extent (18-30%). The major differences occur for the other fuels; in rural areas wood is the second largest fuel whereas in urban areas LPG comes after electricity (Figure 4.5).


Figure 4.4 Final Energy Household in SumUt 2005

Figure 4.5 Urban Final Energy in SumUt 2005


Figure 4.6 Rural Final Energy in SumUt 2005

Looking at the fuel consumption per income class, differences between similar classes in urban and rural area appear in both level and composition. So is wood used in all income classes in rural areas while LPG is used in the two highest urban income classes C and D – obviously since it is more expensive as shown at Figure 4.7.



4.2.2 COMMERCIAL

Of the oil products, Kerosene is dominating the commercial consumption at 38.9%,

followed by electricity with 28.7% and Automotive Diesel Oil (ADO, 21.7%). Usage of

LPG and natural gas is not high in the commercial sector (Figure 4.8).

Most of Automative Diesel Oil is used by hotel, trading and financial services compared

with LPG which mainly used by restaurants as cooking fuel as is show in Figure 4.9.

Figure 4.8 Commercial Final Energy Consumption in SumUt 2005

Figure 4.9 Commercial subsector Final Energy in Sumut 2005




4.2.3 Industry

Coal, Industrial Diesel Oil and LPG products are used by industry in a small quantity of

0.3 – 2.3%. Oil consumption is still dominated by Automotive Diesel Oil and Fuel Oil

(3,620,181BOE) and is followed by natural gas and electricity (Figure 4.10).

The biggest consumption of electricity occurs in others subsector and reaches 68.7%

(3,633 thousand BOE) (Figure 4.11).

Figure 4.10 Industrial Final Oil Consumption in SumUt 2005

Figure 4.11 Industrial Subsector Final Energy Consumption in SumUt 2005





4.2.4 Transportation

The most important fuel for transportation is Gasoline, more than half of the

utilisation of oil fuels (55.5% - 5,429.14 kBOE). This is mainly caused by the high

number of motocycles (Figure 4.12 – 4.13).

The increasing the number of vechicules also increases the utilisation of Automotive

Diesel Oil up to 36.6 % or 3,587.12 kBOE.

Air transport mainly consumes avtur, not so much avgas (0.003% of total transport

consumption)

Figure 4.12 Transportation Final Oil Consumption in SumUt 2005


Figure 4.13 Transportation Subsector Final Energy in SumUt 2005



4.2.5 Others

The construction of buildings (housing, hotel, appartement, etc) uses Automotive

Diesel Oil to drive cranes and other equipment which use Automotive Diesel Oil with

quantities up to around 58% (895,6742 kBOE). Automotive Diesel Oil comsumption is

followed by Gasoline and Kerosene with 20,8% and 16% respectively. Fuel Oil is not used too

much as shown in Figure 4.14 – 4.15.


Figure 4.14 Others Final Energy Consumption in SumUt 2005

Figure 4.15 Others Subsector Final Energy in SumUt 2005



Chapter 5

Future development

5.1 Macro economic assumptions

In order to run the LEAP model we need an energy database containing the current

(2005) situation (supply , demand and fuel intensity) and forecasts, mainly demand

projectionsbased on elasticities related to key macro-economic drives.

The growth of Population, GRDP and elasticity of the sectors commercial, industry,

others and transportation for the Business as Usual case (BAU) in LEAP can be found in

Tabel 5.1

The fuel intensity value is determined by dividing the 2005 volume of fuel consumption

by the activity volume in each subsector (household, commercial, industry,

transportation and others).

The value of elasticity is the relation between averaged activity growths compared to

averaged regional GRDP growth. For some transport modes, also population growth

was taken into account to determine the vehicle amount growth projections. The

averaging was done over 2001-2005. A curve fitting approach was chosen to

determine the elasticity.


Tabel 5.1 Growth of Population, GRDP, Elasticity Item Parameter

Population growth 1,35 %

GRDP growth 5,5 %

Elasticity

Industry 0,967 Growth AS (GRDP, average growth

2001-2005/average GRDP 2001-2005)

Commercial 1,089 PrevYearValue*(1+GRDP growth per

year* (average growth 2001-

2005/average GRDP 2001-2005))

Others 0,735 Growth AS (GRDP, average growth

2001-2005/average GRDP 2001-2005)

Transportation Elasticity

Car : Population : GDRP :

1,05 1,19

prevyearvalue*(1+ GRDP growth per

year*1,19)*(1+ Population growth per

year*1,05)

Motorcycle : Population : GDRP :

0,23 3,58



year*0,23)

Bus : Population : GDRP :

1,25 0,07



year*1,25)

Truck : Population : GDRP :

0,53 1,16



year*0,53)

Train : Population : GDRP :

0,58 0,19



year*0,58)

Ferry : Population : GDRP :

0,70 0,96



year*0,70)

Ship : GDRP : 0,73 prevyearvalue*(1+ GRDP growth per

year*0,73)

Aviation : Population : GDRP :

0,90 5,65



year*0,90)


Note :

- Elasticity for Industry : when the growth of GRDP 1 % so the energy demand

will increase 0,967 %

- Elasticity for Commercial : when the growth of GRDP 1 % so the energy demand

will increase 1,089 %

- Elasticity for Others : when the growth of GRDP 1 % so the energy demand will

increase 0,735 %

- Elasticity Car : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy demand will

increase 1,05 % and the growth of GRDP is 1% so the energy demand will

increase 1,19 %

- Elasticity Motorcycle : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy

demand will increase 0,23 % and the growth of GRDP is 1% so the energy

demand will increase 3,58 %

- Elasticity Bus : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy demand will


increase 0,07 %

- Elasticity Truck : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy demand will


increase 1,16 %

- Elasticity Train : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy demand will


increase 0,19 %

- Elasticity Ferry : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy demand will


increase 0,96 %

- Elasticity Ship : when the growth of GRDP is 1% so the energy demand will

increase 0,73 %

- Elasticity Aviation : when the growth of Population 1 % so the energy demand

will increase 0,90 % and the growth of GRDP is 1% so the energy demand will

increase 5,65 %

5.2 Business as usual assumptions

The database used to forecast untill 2025 is based on the data of 2005 while

considering the growth of Population, GRDP and their relation to the growth of the

Residential, Commercial, Industry, Others and the Tansportation sector.


Apart from assumptions based on observed trends in 2001-2005 for elasticties and

subsector shares in activity levels and constant 2005 values for fuel intensities, no

other assumptions have been included in the BAU scenario - even if there are signs

that they are part of energy policy (like switch to LPG in households because the

governement want to remove the subsidised Kerosene in 2012, or the introduction of

biofuels in transportation). Constant fuel intensities do not take into account

efficiency improvements or fuel substitution effects, nor do they take into account the

effect that with economic growth, the number of use of appliances may change. In

order to determine those, one need more detail on the kind of application fuels are

used, knowledge that is currently lacking.

On the supply side, the power sector only assumes short term capcity additions up till

2010-2012, longer term plans are considered too uncertain to be part of a BAU.

As such is the BAU a rather conservative approach, but illustrative for the development

of energy demand and supply under current circumstances. In the energy policy

scenarios (national and regional) to be developed, more attention will be given to

deepen the assumptions.

- Households : expected growth.

Population growth

Area 2005 2025

Urban 57.61 % 65 %

Rural 42.39 % 35 %

The trend of urban/rural population share is based on the decreasing number of

poorer population and increasing number of population in urban area as observed

over 1999 - 2005.

- Composition urban/rural per income class.

From the same data, the following trends for the share of the four income classes per

area can be determined: the poorer income classes decrease in favour of the middle

income class, and to a lesser extant also the highest income class.

Population growth Area Income Category

2005 2025

Urban

Under Poverty Line

Under 1.5xPoverty Line

Middle Income

20% Highest Income

7.7 %

21.3 %

54.6 %

16.3 %

5 %

15 %

60 %

20 %

Rural

Under Poverty Line

Under 1.5X Poverty Line

Middle Income

20% Highest Income

22.3 %

33.3 %

29.7 %

14.7 %

10 %

15 %

50 %

25 %


- Commercial, : expected growth.

Based on the 2005 value added and the forecasted growth with GRDP and an

elastciyity, the commercial sector more than tripples in the 2005-2025 period.

Billion rupiah

2005 2025

Commercial 29.7 95.1

- Subsector composition

The shares of each subsector are kept constant over 2005 – 2025, this can be justified

by the rather constant shares over 2001 - 2005

Subsector growth (Million rupiah) No Subsector

2005 2025

1 Hotel 249,752 760,800

2 Restaurant 14,172,973 45,362,700

3 Trading 1,562,200 5,040,300

4 Financial Service 5,440,497 17,403,300

5 Amusement Service 503,613 1,616,700

6 Social Service 7,785,178 24,916,200

Total 29,714,213 95,100,000

- Industry : expected growth.

Industry grows less fast than the commercial sector, but also more or less tripples its

activity by 2025

Million rupiah

2005 2025

Industri 21,197,443 59,700,000

- Subsector composition.

Also here, no change in subsector share is assumed, so all grow proportional to the

overall industry sector.



2005 2025

1 Food 12,968,530 36,524,275

2 Textile 123,523 347,887

3 Wood 1,246,759 3,511,344

4 Paper 165,086 464,944

5 Chemistry 4,021,194 11,325,200

6 Non Metal 917,097 2,582,891

7 Metal 1,162,385 3,273,715

8 Machinery 559,224 1,574,986

9 Others 33,644 94,754

Total 21,197,443 59,700,000

- Others: expected growth.

The other sector has the lowest growth of the economic sector, but stays above the

industry level.

Million rupiah

2005 2025

Others 28,782,038 63,200,000

- Subsector composition

The dominance by agriculture does not change over 2005 – 2025, so it keeps the

largest contribution to GRDP development.


2005 2025

1 Agriculture 22,191,305 48,727,976,7

2 Mining 1,074,751 2,359,953,2

3 Construction 5,515,982 12,112,070,1

Total 28,782,038 63,200,000

- Transportation: Elasticity tends to decrease.

Based on historic data, some very high elasticities with GRDP are determined for

some of the transport modes (see Tabel 5.1 and below). Straight extrapollation using

this same elasticities would lead to very high and unrealistic amounts of vehicles or

activity levels. In order to avoid e.g. that the ratio motorcycles per inhabitant

becomes too high, a relaxation of this elasticities has been introduced. The outcome

of this approach leads to more plausible, but still assumed, levels.


Elasticity growth Item

2005 2025

Transportation

Car 1.19 1.0

Motorcycle 3.58 1.0

Truck 1,16 1.0

Aviation 5.65 1.0

- Further assumptions :

- Constant fuel intensities, no biofuels

Constant fuel intensities are used in the business as usual until 2025 and there

are no changies in the oil products’ consumption by bio fuel, even though a

biodiesel plant is already producing a certain amount (the biodiesel now just

used by a private company – oil palm company)

- No power plant addictions after 2010/2012.

The national government has an acceleration plan to build 10,000 MW to

overcome the national electricity problem and Sumatera Utara has a part of

about 2 x 200 MW in Pangkalan Susu of thise 10,000 MWe.

- Closure of refinery in 2006

Refinery in Pangkalan Brandan is closed in 2006, it means that the oil

products supply for Sumatera Utara comes from other regions (Jawa)

5.3 BAU RESULTS 5.3.1 Primary supply

The highest primary supply is Renewable (Biodiesel plant) about 673,78 million BOE,

(Sumatera Utara has an important role in the development of oil palm (15.7% or

1,023,350 ha) with its contribution in area equal to 15.7%, the contribution of crude

palm oil (CPO) is 21.3%. With private plantation amounting to 377,336.70 ha,

community plantation equal to 367,741.02 ha and 278,272.28 ha being the property of

PT. Perkebunan Nusantara. In producing biodiesel, PT. Pamina Adolina and their

capacity at beginning was 8 ton/day, and now already scales up to 12 ton/day and the

other company produce biodiesel 22 ton/day. Currently they use the biodiesel for their

own energy demand; those are for their palm oil mill machine and transportation), and

is followed by electricity (12,45 million BOE) and Natural gas (3,77 million BOE) at

2025 (Figure 5.1).


Figure 5.1 Transformation Energy in SumUt 2025

- Electricity

Power plants are producing 4.656 thousand BOE electricity with production from

combined cycle power plants (PLTGU) (41.86 % -1.949 thousand BOE), followed by

Steam power plant (PLTU) (19.9% - 926 thousand BOE). The contribution of Diesel

power plant (PLTD) and Mini hydro (PLTA and PLTMH at remote areas; PLTMH Batang

Gadis I & II, PLTMH Tonduhan I & II, PLTMH Kombih I & II, PLTMH Aek Raisan I & II,

PLTMH Aek Silang, PLTMH Aek Sibundong ) to supply electricity is still small, the

quantities are 0,78% (36.5 thousand BOE) and 0.56% (26.2 thousand BOE) see Figure

5.2. PLTP is the geothermal plant and PLTU is a foreseen coal power plant.

Figure 5.2 Power Plant Final Energy in SumUt 2025


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

BO

E

shortage

domestic supply

demand

The increasing demand of electricity in 2025 is caused by industrial and commercial

sectors and as result the increasing at household demand of electricity; the total

demand of electricity is 7.312 thousand BOE. The high percentage of demand

electricity is Industrial (2.882 thousand BOE or 38.60%) and is followed by Household

(34,87%) and Commercial is 26.53% (Figure 5.3).

Figure 5.3 Electricity demand in SumUt 2025.

From the Figure 5.4, it can be seen that the amount of electricity produce by power

plant is just 4.656 thousand BOE in 2025 and meanwhile the demand of electricity by

consumer (household, commercial and industry) reach an amount 7.312 thousand BOE

in 2025. There is clearly a shortage in supply.

Figure 5.4 Electric Balance BAU SumUt


To fulfill the difference between demand and domestic supply (2.656 thousand BOE), it

is needed to construct new power plant. This is not easy for the governement

(national or regional) because such investment need money.

If the new power plant are not constructed , electric shortages for the years coming

will only increase and could reach substantial amount by 2025 (see Figure 5.4).

For new power plant, governement can invite the investors, but of course these

investors require guarantees by governement for their own invested money.

- Refinery.

The last production by refineries in Sumatera Utara occured in 2005, untill then the

production of the refinery consisted of the oil products Kerosene, Automotive Diesel

Oil, others and amounted to as much as 88,3 thousand BOE (Figure 5.5)

Figure 5.5 Production of Refinery in SumUt 2005

5.3.3 Final energy by fuel

The final energy consumption of 66.9 million BOE is dominated by oil products (81%)

which on its turn are dominated by Automotive Diesel Oil and Gasoline are 28.6 % and

30.1 %. Electricity takes about 11 % and Natural gas take about 5.1% (Figure 5.6 - 5.7).


Figure 5.6 Final Energy by Fuel


Oil products are consumed mostly in the transport sector, but also industry and

households show a considerable use .The commercial and other sector consume each

about 4.8 and 3.2 million BOE respectively. Electricity is mainly used in industry,

followed by households and commercial. Natural gas is almost exclusively used in

industry, there is little use in households and commercial and wood is only used in

households as be showed in Figure 5.8.


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Electricity Oil Products Solid Fuels Natural Gas Biomass Renewables

mil

lio

n B

OE

Others

Transportation

Industry

Commercial

Households

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

thou

sand

BO

E Others

Transportation

Industry

Commercial

Households


5.3.2 Final energy by sector

Figure 5.9 Final Energy by Sector


5.3.2.1 Households urban/rural,

Final energy consumption in households is dominated by kerosene (50%), and both in

rural and urban areas. Electricity is equally used but to a lesser extent (20 - 34%)

(Figure 5.10). The major differences occur for the other fuels, in rural areas wood is the

second largest fuel whereas in urban areas LPG comes after electricity (Figure 5.11 –

5.12).

Figure 5.10 Final Energy Consumption Household in Sumut 2025

Figure 5.11 Urban Final Energy in SumUt 2025


Figure 5.12 Rural Final Final Energy in SumUt 2025

Looking at the fuel consumption per income class, differences between similar classes in urban and rural area appear in both level and composition (Figure 5.13). So is wood used in all income classes in rural areas while LPG is obviously since it is more expensive - are used in the two highest urban income classes.

Figure 5.13 Urban and Rural (as Categories) Final Energy in Sumut 2025


5.3.2.2 COMMERCIAL

The final energy consumption for commercial sector is still dominated by oil product

(ADO, FO,LPG) for commercial is very important more than 70 % and second largest is

Electricity (28.71%) as shown at Figure 5.14. Using the Natural gas is still small and can

be extended, LPG is used most in restaurant (40.4%) (Figure 5.15).

Figure 5.14 Commercial Final Energy Consumption in SumUt 2025

Figure 5.15 Commercial Subsector Final Energy in SumUt 2025



5.3.3 INDUSTRY

Using the oil products (ADO, FO) for industry is very important, more than 66 %

compared with the other energy cariers (Figure 5.16). Natural gas and Electricity use

near 32 %. Machinery and Metal industry are using coal in small quantities, see Figure

5.17.


Figure 5.16 Industrial Final Energy Consumption in SumUt 2025

Figure 5.17 Industrial Subsector Final Energy in SumUt 2025




5.3.4 Tansportation

Gasoline is the most utilised oil products with 60 % of the oil products and is followed

by Automotive Diesel Oil with 33.28 % (Figure 5.18 - 5.19), final energy consumption of

avtur is not so much, but could be signifigant in the future.

Figure 5.18 Transportation Final Oil Consumption in SumUt 2025


Figure 5.19 Transportation Subsector Final Energy in SumUt 2025




5.3.5 OTHERS

Use of Automotive Diesel Oil (ADO) is highest (58,46 %) among oil products, Gasoline

and Kerosene increase not so much. FO for the others is just used for 4.55 % as shown

at Figure 5.20. Construction is a highest using ADO about 63 % and follow by Gasoline

is 28.2 % but use the Kerosene is to little (8.4 %) compare with the agriculture or

mining (Figure 5.21).

Figure 5.20 Others Final Oil Consumption in SumUt 2025

Figure 5.21 Others Subsector Final Energy in SumUt 2025


Documents

Regional energy situation - North Sumatra