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Principles of Law
Relating to
International Trade
Principles of Law
Relating to International Trade
Ph.D. (Soton), LL.M. (Wales), C.P.E. (Bristol), Pg-Cert. in E.U. Law, Pg.Dip. in Legal Practice,
Pg.Dip. in Shipping, M.C.I.T., M.LEx.
Solicitor of the Supreme Court, England & Wales Solicitor-Member, Athens Bar Association (Greece)
Senior Lecturer, Southmnpton Solent University Associate Law Lecturer, The Open University
Associate Law Lecturer, Southampton City College Minister 's Adviser, The Ministry of Mercantile Marine (Greece) Shipping Law Examiner, 7;cze Chartered Institute of Shipbrokers
International Trade Law Examiner, 7he Institute of Export
Springer -
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005936345 ISBN-10: 0-387-30386-3 e-ISBN 0-387-30699-4 ISBN-13: 978-0387-30386-4
Printed on acid-free paper
O 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
Printed in the United States of America.
Ny parents, Maria andSte&s, with gratitude
Ny wje, 'I/dik$ with h e
Ny soq Stelws, math great e ~ e c t a t w m
THE CURRENT LEGAL SYSTEM
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
THE LAW OF PROBATE AND SUCCESSION
CHAPTER 3 THE LAW OF TORTS
THE TORT OF CONVERSION
THE TORT OF NUISANCE
DEFAMATION
THE TORT OF NEGLIGENCE
VICARIOUS LIABILITY
GENERAL DEFENCES
CHAPTER 4 THE LAW OF CONTRACT
ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT
OTHER ELEMENTS
TERMS OF A CONTRACT
REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
DISCHARGE OF CONTRACT
THE LAW GOVERNING A CONTRACT
CHAPTER 5 THE LAW OF AGENCY
CLASSIFICATION OF AGENTS
CREATION OF AGENCY
AUTHORITY
AGENCY OF NECESSITY
SUBSEQUENT AUTHORITY OR AGENCY BY RATIFICATION
DUTIES OF AN AGENT
RIGHTS OF AGENT
- viii -
RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES AGAINST PRINCIPAL AND AGENT
TERMINATION OF AGENCY
E. C . LAW AND AGENCY AGREEMENTS
CHAPTER 8 COMPETITION LAW
FREE MOVEMENT OF O D s IN THE E. C .
RESTRICTIVE TRADNG AGREEMENTS AND ~ A T Y OF ROME
CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO F.O.B. AND C.I.F. SALES
INCOTERMS
F.O.B. CONTRACTS
C.I.F. CONTRACTS
CHAPTER 10 EXPORT FINANCE
BILLS OF EXCHANGE & CHEQUES
CHEQUES
UNIFORM CUSTOMS & PRACTICE FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDITS
LETTERS OF CREDIT
OTHER MZTHODS OF PAYMENT
CHAPTER 11 INSURANCE LAW
LLOYD'S AND THE PI/IARKET
THE CONTRACT OF WSURANCE
THE INSURANCE POLICY
Ir\rsnm CARGO CLAUSES
AVIATION INSURANCE
BASIC SYSTEM OF LIABILITY
CARRIER'S DEFENCES
APPLICATION OF THE LEGAL REGIMES
CONSIDERATION
ELEMENTS OF SIMPLE CONTRACT
MISREPRESENTATION
MISTAKE
TERMS OF A CONTRACT
REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
DISCHARGE OF CONTRACT
TRANSFER OF TITLE
FORM OF BILL OF EXCHANGE
THE COURTS 5
EXEMPTING SECTIONS 1 2- 1 5 OF THE SALE OF GOODS ACT 1 87
CONVENTIONS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS 295
21"' Century Logistic Solutions Ltd . (In Liquidation) v . Madysen Lt d. ...................................................................................... [2004] 2 Lloyd's Rep.92 89
A . Siohn & Company Ltd . andAcademy Garments (Wigan) Ltd . v . R . H . Hagland & Son (Transport) Ltd . [I9761 2 Lloyd's Rep.428 ............................... 257
A.MB. Imballaggii Plastici S.R.L. v . Pacjlex Lt d. [1999] 2 AU E.R. (Comm.) 249 .................................................................................................... 133
Adamastos Shipping Co . Lt d. v . Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co . Ltd . [I9591 A.C. 133 .............................................................................................................. 98
Adams v . Lindsell (1818) 1 B.& Ald.681 ............................................................ 8 0
Adamson v . Jawis (1827) 130 E.R.693 ................................................................. 141
Agapitos v . Agnew (The Aegeon) (No . 1) [2002] 2 Lloyd's Rep.42, C.A. ................ 244
Alexander v . Rayson [I9361 1 K.B.169 .................................................................. 88
AlfiedMcAlpine Construction Ltd . v . Panatown Ltd . (No . 1) [2001] A.C.518, H.L. ............................................................................................... 182
Allcard v . Skinner (1887) 36 Ch.D . 145 ................................................................... 90
Allen v . Jambo Holdings Ltd . [I9801 1 Q.L.R.1252 ........................................... 45
Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v . Romalpa Aluminium [I9761 1 Lloyd's Rep.443 ....................................................................................................... 164
Amin Rasheed Shipping Corp . v . Kuwait Insurance Co . (The A1 Wahab) [I9841 A.C.50, H.L. .......................................................................................... 123
Antoine Kortas, Case C-3 19/97, [I9991 3 C.M.L.R962, O.J. 1999 C 204, 17/07/1999 p.18 .................................................................................................. 19
. Appleson v . Littlewood Ltd [1939] 1 All E.R.464 ............................................... 83
Applied Implants Technology Ltd . v . LuJhansa Cargo AG [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep.46 ................................................................................................. 291
Arcos Ltd . v . Ronassen [I9331 A.C.470, H.L ......................................................... 154
Argy Trading Development Co . Ltd . v . Lapid Developments Lt d. [I9771 1 W.L.R.444 .......................................................................................................... 82
Ariston SRL v . Charly Records Ltd., The Financial Times, 2 1 March, 1990 ........... 105
Armory v . Delamirie (1721) 1 Stra.505 ................................................................... 66
Armour v . Thyssen [I9901 3 All E.R.481 .............................................................. 166
Arsenal Football Club Plc v . Reed (No.2) [2003] 1 All E.R. 137 .............................. 13
Aruna Mills v . Dhanrajmal Gobindram [1%8] 1 Lloyd's Rep.304 ........................ 205
Ashington Piggeries v . Christopher Hill [ 19721 A.C.44 1, H.L. .............................. 154
Ashmore Benson Pease & Co . Ltd . v . AVDawson Ltd . 119731 2 Lloyd's Rep.21, C.A ........................................................................................................ 88
Ashton v . Turner [I9811 Q.B. 137 ........................................................................... 72
Atari Corporation v . Electonic Boutique [I9781 1 All E.R. 1010, C.A. ................... 160
Atkinson v . Denby (1862) 7 H.& N.934 .............................................................. 89
Attorney General v . Blake [2000] 4 All E.R.268, H.L ........................................... 108
Attorney General's Reference (IVo.2 of 1983) 119841 A.C.456 ................................. 36
Attorney-General v . Newspaper Publishing plc . [I9871 3 All.E.R532 C.A .............. 12
Attorney-General v . Times Newspapers Ltd . [I9741 A.C.273 H.L ........................... 12
B . Liggeft (Liverpool) Ltd . v . Barclays Bank Ltd . 119281 1 K.B.48 ........................ 224
B.P. Exploration v . Hund (1983) 2 A.C.352 .......................................................... 118
Bainbridge v . Firmstone (1838) 8 A.& E.743 ...................................................... 81
Baldry v . Marshall 119251 1 K.B.260 ................................................................... 182
Bank Melli Iran v . Barclays Bank (Dominion Colonial & Overseas) [I9511 2 Lloyd's Rep.367 ............................................................................................ 228
Bank of England v . Vagliano Bros . [I8911 A.C. 107, H.L. ..................................... 215
Banks v . Goodfellow (1870) L.R.5 Q.B.549 ..................................................... 25
Bannerman v . White (1861) 10 C.B. N.S.844 ........................................................ 101
Banque de Undochine et de Suez S.A. v . J.H. Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd [I9831 Q.B.711 ................................................................................................. 233
Barclays Bank Ltd . v . W.J. Simms Son and Cooke (Southern) Ltd . 119791 3 All E.R.522 ...................................................................................................... 225
Barnett v . Chelsea & Kensington Hospital Management Committee 119691 1 Q.B.428 ........................................................................................................... 70
Barrett McKenzie & Co . Ltd . v . Escada (UK) Ltd., [200 1) E . C . C.50 ..................... 150
Bartlett v . Sidney Marcus Ltd . [1%5] 2 All E.R.753 ............................................. 155
Barton v . County Natwest Ltd . The Times, 29 July, 1999 ......................................... 91
Beale v . Taylor 119671 3 All E.R.253 ................................................................... 153
. Beard v . London General Omnibus Co [I9001 2 Q.B.530 ...................................... 71
Belfast Ropework Co . Lt d. v . Bushell [I9181 1 K.B.2 10 ........................................ 257
Bell v . Lever Bros . Lt d. [I9321 A.C. 161 ............................................................. 9 94
Benaim & Co . v . Debono 119241 A.C.514 ............................................................. 124
Bence Graphics Ltd . v . Fasson U. K . Ltd . 119971 1 All E.R.979, C.A. .................... 178
Beswick v . Beswick [I9671 2 All E.R. 1 197 ............................................................ 181
Bettini v . Gve (1876) 1 Q.B.D.183 ................................................................... 101, 113
. xiv .
Beyene v . Irving Trust Co . Ltd . (1985) 762 Fed.Rep. 2d 4, U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals ................................................................................... 234
Bigos v . Bousted [I95 11 1 All E.R.92 .................................................................... 8 8
Bird v . Jones (1845) 7 Q.B.742 ............................................................................. 6 4
Bird's Cigarette Manufacturing Co . Ltd . v . Rouse (1924) 19 L1 . L . Rep.301 ............................................................................................................ 258
Bishop v . Plumley [I9911 1 W.L.R.582 ................................................................... 29
. Bisset v Wilkinson [I9271 A.C. 177 ........................................................................ 9 1
Black King Shipping Corp . v . Massie (The Litsion Pride) [I9851 1 Lloyd's Rep.437 ............................................................................................................ 243
Blower v . Great Western Railway Co . (1872) L.R. 7 C.P.655 ................................ 258
Blyth v . Birmingham Waterworks Co . (1856) 11 Exch.781 ...................................... 33
Boardman v . Phipps [1967] 2 A.C.46 ................................................................... 141
Bolivia Republic v . Indemnity Mutual Marine Assurance Co . Ltd . (1 908) 99 L.T.394, K.B.D. ........................................................................................... 243
Bolton Partners v . Lambert (1889) 41 Ch.D.295 ................................................... 137
Bolton v . Mahadma [I9721 1 W.L.R. 1009 ............................................................ 110
............................................................. Bond Worth Ltd.. Re . [I9801 Ch.228 .165, 166
Borden v . Timber Products Ltd [1981] Ch.25 ....................................................... 165
................. Boston Deep Sea Fishing and Ice Co . Lt d. v . Ansell (1888) 39 Ch.D.339 87
Bowmakers Ltd . v . Barnet Instruments Lt d. [I9451 K.B.65 ...................................... 89
Boys v . Chaplin [I9711 A.C.536 ........................................................................... 127
Brace v . Calder [I8951 2 Q.B.253 ....................................................................... 106
.................... Bratty v . Attorney-General for Northern Ireland [ 19631 A.C.386 H.L. 34
Brinkibon Ltd v . Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaj? mbH . [I9831 2 A.C.34 .......................................................................................... 80, 124
. . .................. British and Foreign Marine Insurance Co Ltd v Gaunt [192 11 2 A.C.4 1 249
British Bank of the Middle East v . Sun Life Assurance of Canada (U.K.) Ltd [I9831 2 Lloyd's Rep.9 ............................................................................... 134
British Crane Hire Corporation Lt d. v . Ipswich Plant Hire Ltd [I9751 Q.B.303 .............................................................................................................. 99
British Road Services v . A . V. Crutchley Lt d. (1967) 1 W.L.R.835 ............................ 79
Brumark, Re [2001] B.C.C.259 ............................................................................. 167
Bundesverband der Anneimi ttel-Importeure EV and the Commission of the European Communities v . Bayer AG (Joined Cases C-2/01 P and C- 3/01 P) [2004] E.T.M.R. 100 ECJ ...................................................................... 195
Bunge & Co v . Tradax England [I9751 2 Lloyd's Rep.235 .................................... 205
Bunge Corporation v . Tradax Export S.A. [I98 11 2 Lloyd's Rep . 1; [I98 11 1 W.L.R.711 .............................................................................................. 100, 102
Campbell v . Paddington Corporation [I9111 1 K.B.869 ......................................... 67
Car and Universal Finance Co . v . Caldwell [I9651 1 Q.B.525, C.A. .................... 170
Cargill U. K . Ltd . v . Continental U. K . Ltd . [I9891 2 Lloyd's Rep.290, C.A ..... .203, 205
Carlill v . Carbolic Smokeball Company [I8931 1 Q.B.256 ...................................... 76
Carlos Federspiel v . Twigg [I9571 1 Lloyd's Rep.240 .......................................... 161
Castle v . Playford (1872) 26 L.T.315 ................................................................... 157
Catlin v . Cyprus Finance Corp . (London) Ltd . [I9831 Q.B.759 ............................. 224
Cavendish-Woodhouse Ltd . v . Manley (1984) 148 J.P. 299 ................................... 154
Cehave NVV . Bremer Handels GmbH (The Hansa Nor4 [I9751 3 All E.R.739 ............................................................................................................ 155
Cellulose Acetate Silk Co . Lt d. v . Widnes Foundry Ltd . [I9331 A.C.20 .................. 104
Central Newbury Car Auctions Ltd. v . Unity Finance Lt d. [I9571 1 Q.B.371 ............................................................................................................ 168
. . .................... Central Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Lt d. (19471 K.B. 130 82
Chaigley Farms Ltd. v . Crawford. Kay and Grayshire Ltd . [19%] B.C.C.957 ......................................................................................................... 166
Chamberlain v . Young [I8931 2 Q.B.206. C.A. ..................................................... 215
Chandler v . Webster [I9041 1 K.B.493 ................................................................ 118
Channel Island Ferries Ltd. v . Sealink U.K. Ltd . [I9871 1 Lloyd's Rep.559 (Q.B.D. (Comm)) ............................................................................................. 115
Chapelton v . Barry Urban District Council [I9401 1 K.B.532 ............................... 180
. . .............................................. Chappel & Co . Ltd . v Nestle Co Lt d. [I9601 A.C.87 82
Charter v . Sullivan [I9571 1 All E.R.809 .............................................................. 175
Cheese v . Lovejoy (1877) 2 P.D.25 1 .................................................................... 26
Cheikh Boutros Selim El-Khoury v . Ceylon Shipping Lines. Ltd., (The Madeleine) 119671 2 Lloyd's Rep.224 ............................................................... 263
Chellew v . The Royal Commission on Sugar Supply [I9221 126 L.T. 103 ............... 260
Chic Fashions (West Wales) Ltd . v . Jone El9681 2 Q.B.299 .................................... 65
China-Pac@c SA v . Food Corp of India (The Winson) [I9821 k C . 939 ................ 137
Clark v . Lindsay (1903) 19 T.L.R.202 .................................................................. 117
Clay v . Yates (1856) 1 H.& N.73 ............................................................................ 89
Clegg v . Andersson [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep.32, C.A ................................................ 155
Clough Mill Ltd. v . Martin [I9851 1 W.L.R. 11 1 .................................................... 164
Clutton v . George Attenborough & Son [I8971 A.C.90, H.L. ................................. 215
Cochrane v . Willis (1865) L.R 1 Ch.App.58 .......................................................... 9 6
Cockshott v . Bennet (1788) 2 T.R.763 ..................................................................... 88
. Cole v . Turner (1704) 6 Mod 149 ........................................................................... 64
............................................................. Collen v . Wright (1857) 120 E.R.847 144, 146
Comber v . Anderson (1808) 1 Camp.523 .......................................................... 134
Commercial Union Assurance Co . Lt d. v . Niger Co . Lt d. (1922) 13 L1 . L . Rep.75, H.L. ..................................................................................................... 246
Commission v . Denmark (Case 302186). [I9881 E.C.R.4607 .................................. 191
......................... Commission v . United Kingdom (Case 40182). [I9821 E.C.R.2793 190
Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation SA v . Compagnie dlArmement Maritime SA [I9711 A.C.572. H.L. .................................................................... 125
Comptoir dxchat et de Vente du Boerenbond Belge SA v . Luis de Ridder Limitada (The Julia) [I9491 A.C.293. H.L. .................................................... 2 10
Conegate Ltd v . Commissioners of Customs and Excise (Case 12 1/85). [I9861 E.C.R.1007 ............................................................................................ 190
Consten S A . and Grundig-Verkaufs GmbH v . E . C . Commission (Cases 56 and 58/64), [I9661 E.C.R.299 ............................................................................ 196
Container Transp t International Inc . and Reliance Group Inc . v . Oceanus Mutual Underwriting Association (Bermuda) Ltd . [I9841 1 Lloyd's Rep.476, C . A. ......................................................................... 242
Cope v . Sharpe (iVo.2) [I9121 1 K.B.496. C.A. ...................................................... 7 3
Couturier v . Hastie (1856) 5 H.L.Cas.673. ............................................................. 9 6
Cox v . Glue (1848) 5 C.B.533 ................................................................................ 6 5
Credit Industriel et Commercial v . China Merchants Bank [2002] 2 All E.R. (Comm.) 427 ..................................................................................... .233. 234
Crehan v . Inntrepreneur Pub Co . CPC [2004] EWCA Civ . 637 ............................ 193
Cundy v . Lindsay (1878) 3 App.Case.459 ................................................... 95, 169
Curtice v . London City &Midland Bank Ltd . [I9081 1 K.B.293 ............................ 225
Curtis v . Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co . [195 11 1 K.B.805 ............................ 180
Customs & Excise Commissioners v . Hare [ 19961 2 All E.R.39 1 ............................. 86
Cutter v . Powell (1795) 6 Term R320 ..................................................... 110. 11 1. 1 12
Czarnzkow-Rionda Sugar Trading Inc . v . Standard Bank London Ltd . [I9991 2 Lloyd's Rep.187 .................................................................................. 230
Dakin v . Oxley (1864) 143 E.R.938 ...................................................................... 112
. xvii .
Dawsons Ltd . v . Bonnin [I9221 2 A.C.4 13. H.L. .............................................. 242
De Bernar4 v . Harding (1853) 155 E.R. 1586 ...................................................... 113
De Lasala v . De Lasala [I9801 A.C.546 ................................................................. 13
Dean v . Dean [I9871 1 F.L.R.517 C.A ................................................................... 12
................................................................... DeQni. The [1990] 1 Lloyd's Rep.252 276
Department of Trade and Industry v . St . Christopher Motorists Association Ltd [I9741 1 Lloyd's Rep . 17 ............................................................................. 240
Derry v . Peek (1889) 14 App.Cas.337 .................................................................. 92
Deutsche Gremmophon v . Metro (Case 78/70), [I9711 E.C.R.487 ......................... 199
Deutsche Post (Case COMP/35.141), Decision 200113541EC. O.J. L 125, 05/05/200 1 p.27 ............................................................................................... 198
DiamondAlkali Export Corp . v . Bourgeois [I9211 3 KB.443 ............................... 229
Diana Prosperity. The (1976) 2 Lloyd's Rep.62 1 ................................................... 182
Dichnson v . Dodds (1876) 2 Ch.D.463 .................................................................. 78
Dimskal Shipping Co . S.A. v . I . T. W Federation. (The Evia Luck) [I9911 4 All E.R.871 ............................................................................................... 90
Director of Public Prosecutions v . Channel Four Television Co . Ltd . [I9931 2 All E.R.517 ..................................................................................... 12
D M Financial Solutions v . BaaN U K . 2000 W.L. 1629568 ............................. .75, 83
Donoghue v . Stevenson [I9321 A.C.562 .................................................................. 69
Dovey v . Cory 119071 A.C.477 ............................................................................... 87
DunIop Pneumatic Tyre Co . Lt d. v . New Garage &Motor Co . Lt d. [I9151 A.C.79 .............................................................................................................. 105
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co . Ltd v . Selpidge & Co . [I9151 AC.847 ....................... 81
. E . Clement Horst Company v Biddell Brothers [I9121 A.C. 18, H.L ...................... 265
. . E C Commission v . France (Case 232178) [I9791 E.C.R.2729 .............................. 189
. . . Eagle Star Insurance Co Ltd v . Spratt [I97 11 2 Lloyd's Rep 1 16, C.A. ............... 246
East West Corp . v . DKBS 1912 [2003] 1 Lloyd's Rep.239 .................................... 257
. Eastern Distributers Ltd v . Goldring [I9571 2 All E.R.525. C.A. ......................... 168
Edler v . Auerbach [I9501 1 K.B.359 ...................................................................... 89
Edwards v . Carter [I8931 A.C.360 ......................................................................... 86
Edwards v . Skyways Ltd . [I9641 1 W.L.R349 ........................................................ 83
El Amria and El Minia [I9821 2 Lloyd's Rep.28 .................................................. 203
Elphick v . Barnes (1879-80) L.R. 5 C.P.D.321 ...................................................... 160
. xviii .
Empresa Cubana Importadora de Alimentos Alimport v . Iasmos Shipping Co . SA (The Good Friend) [1984] 2 Lloyd's Rep.586 ......................................... 273
Ennstone Building Products Ltd. v . Stanger Lt d. (No . 2) 120021 EWCA Civ . 916 ....................................................................................................... 121
Entores Lt d. v . Miles Far East Corporation 119551 2 All E.R.493 ........................... 80
Equal Opportunities Commission v . Secretary of State for Employment [I9941 1 W.L.R.409 ......................................................................................... 194
Equitable Trust Co . of New York v . Dawson Partners Ltd . (1927) 27 L1 . L . Rep.49, H.L. ..................................................................................................... 232
Esso Petroleum Co . Ltd . v . Customs and Excise Commissioners [I9761 1 W.L.R.l ..................................................................................................... 77, 81
Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Company Inc . v . Commission (Case 6/72). [I9731 E.C.R.215 ............................................ 199
F. W. Moore & Co Ltd . v . Landauer & Co . [1921] 2 K.B.519, C.A. ....................... 154
Falke v . Fletcher (1865) 18 C.B. (N.s.) 403 ........................................................... 6 6
Feldaroll Foundiy Plc . v . Hermes Leasing (London) Ltd . [2004] EWCA Civ . 747 ............................................................................................................ 184
Felthouse v . Bindley (1862) 1 1 C.B.N. S.869. ......................................................... 80
Fibroasa Spolka Akcyjna v . Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd . [I9431 A.C.32 H.L. ...................................................................................................... 118
Finance Co . Lt d. v . Stebbing 119891 B.C.L.C.498 ................................................... 87
Finlay v . Kwik Hoo Tong [1929] 1 K.B.400 ....................................................... 268
Finska Cellulosaforeningen (Finnish Cellulose Union) v . Westjield Paper Co . Lt d. [1940] 68 L1 . L . Rep.75 ........................................................................ 181
Fisher v . Bell [I9611 1 Q.B.394 ............................................................................. 77
Flaminio Costa v . ENEL (Case 6/64). [I9641 E.C.R. 585 ....................................... 194
.................................................................... Foakes v . Beer (1884) 9 App.Cas.605 8 3
Ford Motor Co . v . Armstrong (19 15) 3 1 T.L.R267 ............................................... 105
. ................................ Forder v . Great Western Railway Co [I9051 2 K.B.532 25 1, 285
............ Fortman Holdings Ltd . v . Modem Holdings Lt d. [2001] EWCA Civ . 1235 174
Foster v . Driscoll (19291 1 K.B.470 ........................................................................ 88
Foulders v . Willoughby (1841) 8 M.& W.538 ......................................................... 66
Franco v . Bolton (1797) 3 Ves.368 ......................................................................... 88
G . v . G . [I9701 3 All E.R.546, C.A. ...................................................................... 129
G.J. Dawson (Clapham) Ltd . v . H . & G . Dutjield [I9361 2 All E.R232 ................. 152
Gardner v . Coutts & Co . [I9671 3 All E.R 1064 .................................................... 9 8
Garton v . Bristol and EketerRailway Co . (186 1) 30 L . J.Q.B.273. .......................... 258
General Accident Fire & Lge Assurance Corp . Ltd . v . Tanter (The Zephyr) [I9851 2 Lloyd's Rep.529, C.A. ........................................................................ 246
General Re-Insurance Corp . v . Forsakringsaktrebolaget Fennia Patria [I9831 2 Lloyd's Rep.287 ................................................................................ 246
Gibbons v . Westminster Bank Ltd . [I9391 2 K.B.882 ............................................ 225
....................................... Gibson v . Manchester City Council [1979] 1 All E.R.972 77
Gill & Duffis v . Societe Pour 1 'Exportation des Sucres 52 [1985] 1 Lloyd's Rep.621 ............................................................................................. 205
Ginzberg v . Barrow Haematite Steel Co andMcKellar [I9661 1 Lloyd's Rep.343 ............................................................................................................ 210
. ...................................... Glaxo Group Ltd v . Dowelhurst Lt d. [2003] EWHC 110 197
Gljmn v . Margetson & Co . [I8931 A.C.35 1, H.L .................................................... 264
Godleyv . Perry [I9601 1 All E.R.36 .................................................................. 157
Goldcorp Exchange Ltd., Re [1994] 1 All E.R.806 ................................................ 160
Goods ofBarnes. The (1926) 43 T.L.R71 .............................................................. 25
Goods ofchalcraft. The [I9481 P.222 ..................................................................... 25
Goole and Hull Steam Towing Co . Ltd . v . Ocean Marine Insurance Co . Ltd . (1927) 29 L1 . L . Rep.242, K.B.D. ............................................................... 244
Gore v . Gibson (1843) 13 M.& W.623 ................................................................... 85
Gotha City v . Sotheby's S NO.^), The Times, 8 October. 1998 .................................. 127
Grand Champion Tankers Ltd . v . Norpipe A/S (The Marion) [I9841 A.C.563, H.L. ................................................................................................... 273
Grant v . Australian Knitting Mills Ltd . [I9361 A.C.85 .......................................... 156
Granville Oil & Chemicals Ltd . v . Davies Turner & Co . [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep.356 ............................................................................................................ 185
Great Future International Ltd . v . Sealand Housing Corp . (In Liquidation) EWHC 300 ......................................................................................................... 92
Great Peace Shipping Ltd . v . Tsavliris Salvage (International) Lt d. [2003] Q.B.679, [2002] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 999 ....................................................... .13. 96
Greenwood v . Martins Bank Ltd (1 9331 A.C.5 1. H.L. .......................................... 223
Griflths v . Peter Conway Lt d. [I9391 1 All E.R685. ............................................ 156
Groom v . Barber [I9151 1 K.B.3 16 ...................................................................... 206
. Group Josi Re v . Walbrook Insurance Co Lt d. [I9961 1 Lloyd's Rep.345 ............. 231
Hadley v . Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch.341 ........................................................ 106. 175
Halki Shipping Corporation v . Sopex Oils Ltd . [1998] 1 Lloyd's Rep.465 ............... 16
Halsey v . Esso Petroleum Co . Lt d. [I9611 1 W.L.R.683 ......................................... 68
Harlingdon & Leinster Enterprises v . Christopher Hull Fine Arts Ltd . [I9901 1 AllE.R.737, C.A ................................................................................. 154
Hart v . O'Connor (1985) 2 All E.R.880. ................................................................. 85
Hartley v . Ponsonby (1857) 7 E.& B.872 ................................................................ 82
Haynes v . Harwood [I9351 1 K.B. 146, C.A. .......................................................... 72
Healy v . Howlett & Sons [I9171 1 K.B.337 ........................................................... 161
Hedley Byrne & Co . Ltd . v . HeNer & Partners Ltd., [I9641 A.C.465 H.L. ............... 93
. ............................ Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Lt d. [I9681 1 Q.B.549, 593. C.A. 136
Hendy Lennox (Industrial Engines) Ltd. v . Grahame Puttick Lt d. [I9841 2 Lloyd's Rep.422 ....................................................................... 161, 165. 166. 167
Herman v . Jeuchner (1885) 15 Q.B.D.561 .............................................................. 88
Higgins Ltd. v . Northampton Corporation [I9271 1 Ch . 128 ..................................... 95
Hochster v . De la Tour (1853) 118 E.R.922 .......................................................... 115
Hoenig v . Isaacs [I9521 2 All E.R 176 ................................................................... 112
Hollins v . Fowler (1875) L.R.7 H.L.757 ................................................................. 66
.................................................................. Holmes v . Wilson (1839) 10 A. & E.503 65
Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co . Lt d. v . Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd . [I9621 2 Q.B.26, C.A. .............................................................................................. 102, 263
................................................................................. Hooker. Re [I9931 C.0.D.190 12
Hornbyv . Lucy(1817) 6 M & S.166 ....................................................................... 130
.................... Hotson v . East Berkshire Area Health Authority [1987] 2 All E.R909 69
Howard Marine and Dredging Co . Lt d. v . A . Ogden & Sons (Excavations) Ltd [I9781 Q.B.574 ............................................................................................. 92
HowardPerry & Co . Ltd . v . B.R.B. [1980] 1 W.L.R.1375 ....................................... 66
Hughes v . Hall (Gillian) [I9811 R.T.R.430 ........................................................... 154
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd . v . E . C . Commission (Dyestuffs) (Case 48/69). [I9721 E.C.R.619. ................................................................................. 197
Indian Oil Corp . Ltd . v . Greenstone Shipping Corp . [I9881 Q.B.345 ..................... 165
Innes v . Wilie (1844) 1 Car.& Kir.257 .................................................................... 64
Internationale Handelsgesellschaj2 GmbH v . Einfuhr und Vorratsstelle fur Getreide und Futtermittel (Case 11/70). [I9701 E.C.R 1125 ............................... 194
Inversiones Manria S A . v . Sphere Drake Insurance Co . Plc . Malvern .................. . . Insurance Co Lt d. and Niagara Fire Insurance Co Inc, (The Dora) 243
............. Ionides v . Pacijc Fire and Marine Insurance Co . (187 1) L.R. 6 Q.B. 674 245
Ionides v . Pender (1873-74) L.R. 9 Q.B. 531 ........................................................ 243
J . Evans & Sons (Portsmouth) Ltd . v . Andrea Merzario Ltd . [I9761 2 Lloyd's Rep.165 ................................................................................................ 183
J . Lauritzen A.S. v . Wijsmuller B . V., The Super Servant Two. [I9901 1 Lloyd's Rep . 1. C.A. ........................................................................................ 117
J.& J . Cunningham Ltd . v . RobertA Munro & Co Ltd . (1922) 13 L1 . L . Rep.216 ............................................................................................................ 205
. . .............................. J.H. Rayner & Co . Ltd v Hambro's BankLt d. [1943] K.B.37 234
Jackson v . White and Midland Bank [I9671 2 Lloyd's Rep.68 ............................... 224
Jocelyne. The [I9771 2 Lloyd's Rep . 121 ............................................................... 262
John Crowther Group plc . v . Carpets International plc . [I9901 B.C.L.C.460 ....................................................................................................... 87
Johnson v . Midland Railway (1849) 18 L.J.Ex.366 ........................................ 257
Johnson v . Taylor Bros . & Co . Lt d. [I9201 A.C.144, H.L ...................................... 124
Jolley v . Sutton LBC [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep.65. H.L. ........................................ 70
Jones v . Vernon S Pools Ltd ................................................................................... 83
. . ..................... Joseph Thorley Lt d. v Orchis Steamship Co Lt d. [I9071 1 K.B.660 264
X/S Merc-Scandia XX7iXII v . Lloyd's Underwriters (The Mercandian Contineno [200 11 2 Lloyd's Rep.563. C.A. ....................................................... 244
Kay v . Butterworth [I9451 173 L.T. 191 ......................................................... 3 2 34
Kearly v . Thomson (1890) 24 Q.B.D.742 ................................................................ 89
Keighley, Masted & Co . v . Durant [I9011 A.C.240 ............................................. 137
Kelner v . Bater (1 866) L.R. 2 C.P. 174 ................................................................ 145
Kelsen v . Imperial Tobacco Co . [I9571 2 Q.B.334 ............................................... 65
Kent v . Griffiths (No . 3) [2001] Q.B.36, C.A ............................................................ 69
Keppel v . Wheeler [I9271 1 K.B. 577 ................................................................... 140
Kiriri Cotton Co . v . Dewani [I9601 A.C. 192 .......................................................... 89
Kirkham v . Attenborough [I8971 1 Q.B.20 1, C.A .................................................. 160
Kish v . Taylor [I9121 A.C.604, H.L ........................................................................ 264
................................................... Knatchbull v . Fearnhead (1837) 3 My.& Cr . 122 28
Korea Exchange Bank v . Debenhams (Central Buying) Lt d. [I9791 1 Lloyd's Rep . 100 ........................................................................................... 216
. . .......................... KredietbankAntwerp v Midland Bankplc [I9991 1 All E.R801 234
Kronprinsessan Margereta. The. [192 11 A.C.486 .................................................. 209
Kuwait Airways Corp . v . Iraqi Airways Co . (Damages) [2004] EWHC 2603 ................................................................................................................. 127
. xxii .
Kwei Tek Chao v . British Traders andShippers Lt d. [I9541 2 Q.B.459 ........... 158. 209
Kyzuna Investments Ltd. v . Ocean Marine Mutual Insurance Association (Europe) [2000] 1 Lloyd's Rep.505 ................................................................... 247
Laceys (Wholesale) Footwear Ltd . v Bowler International Freight Lt d. [I9971 2 Lloyd's Rep.369. C.A .......................................................................... 285
Laconia. The [I9771 A.C.850. [I9771 1 All E.R.545 ........................................... 100
Lally and Weller v . George Bird 23 May 1980. (unreported) ................................. 185
Lampleigh v . Brathwait (1615) 80 E.R.255 ............................................................. 82
Lancashire Loans Ltd. v . Black 119341 1 K.B.380 ................................................... 90
Law & Bonar Ltd . v . British American Tobacco Company 119161 2 K.B.605 ............................................................................................................ 211
Lazenbury Garages Lt d. v . Wright [1976] 2 All E.R.770, C.A. .............................. 175
Leach. Re [I9881 Ch.226 ........................................................................................ 28
Leaf v . International Galleries [I9501 2 K.B.86 .................................................. 96
Leclerc v . Au Blk Vert (Case 229183). [I9851 E.C.R.l .......................................... 190
Leigh and Sillivan Ltd . v . Aliakmon Shipping Co . Lt d. (The Aliakmon) [I9861 2 All E.R.145, H.L. ................................................................................ 211
L'Estrange v . F Graucob Ltd . 119341 2 K.B .......................................................... 180
Lewis v . Averay [I9721 1 Q.B.232 .................................................................. 95. 170
Lewisv . Clay(1898)67L.J.Q.B.224 ...................................................................... 94
Leyland Shipping Co . v . Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society Ltd . [I9181 A.C.350 ................................................................................................. 245
Lickbarrow v . Mason (1793) 126 E.R.5 11. H.L. .................................................... 266
Lid1 U.K. GmbHv . Hertford Foods Ltd . [2001] EWCA Civ . 938 ............................. 79
Light v . Ty Europe Lt d. [2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep.693. C.A. ....................................... 148
Limpus v . London General Omnibus Co . (1862) 1 H.& C.526 ................................ 71
Liverpool City Council v . Irwin 119771 AC.239 ...................................................... 99
Lombard North Central plc . v . Butterworth 119871 Q.B.527, C.A ......................... 101
London and Northern Bank. Re (1900) 1 Ch.220 ..................................................... 80
Louis Dreyfus Trading Ltd . v . Reliance Trading Ltd . 120041 2 Lloyd's .................................................................................. Rep.243 (QBD ( C o r n ) ) 153
Luxor (Eastbourne) Ltd. v . Cooper [I94 11 A.C. 108 ............................................... 9 9
M v . Home OfJice [I9931 3 All E.R537 .................................................................. 12
Mahonia Ltd . v . J. P . Morgan Chase Bank (No . 1) [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep.911. ...................................................................................................... 232
Malas (Hamazehj & Sons v . British Imex Industries Ltd [I9581 2 Q.B. 127 ........... 230
Manbre Saccharine Co . Ltd . v . Corn Products Co Ltd . [I9191 1 K.B. 198 ............. 209
Manfield v . Maitland (1821) 4 B.& Ald.582. ........................................................ 241
Manufacture Fran~aise Des Pneumatiques Michelin v . Commission of the European Communities (Case T-20310 1 ). [2004] 4 C.M.L.R. 18. C.F.I. .............. 199
Mapesv . Jones (1974) 232 E.G.717 ....................................................................... 92
Maple Flock Co . Ltd . v . Universal Furniture Products (Wembleyj Ltd . [I9341 1 K.B.148, C.A. .................................................................................... 173
Mareva Compania Naviera S.A. v . International Bulk Carriers S.A. (The Mareva) [I9751 2 Lloyd's Rep.509, C.A. .......................................................... 107
Mash & Murrell v . Emmanuel [I9621 1 All E.R.77 ............................................... 204
McCrone v . Riding [I9381 1 All E.R. 157 ................................................................ 33
McFadden v . Blue Star Line [I9051 1 K.B.697 ..................................................... 263
Medical Defence Union v . Department of Trade [1979] 1 Lloyd's Rep.499 ........... 240
Merrett v . Babb [2001] Q.B. 1174. C.A. .................................................................. 69
Michael Galley Footwear Ltd (In Liquidation) v . Iaboni [I9821 2 All E.R.200 ........................................................................................................ 284
Michelin, (Case COMPE-2/36.04 l/PO), Decision 2002/405/EC, 0 . J . L . 143, 3 1/05/2002 p 1 .......................................................................................... 198
Mihalis Angelos, The [I9701 2 Lloyd's Rep.43 C.A .............................................. 100
Miramar Maritime Corp . v . Holborn Oil Trading (The Miramar) [I9841 A.C.676 ........................................................................................................... 262
Mitsui & Co . Lt d. v . Flota Mercante Grancolombiana SA (The Ciudad de Pasto and The Ciudad de Neiva) [I9891 1 All E.R.951 ...................................... 164
Mizenchuk v . Thompson and Nash Taxi and U-Drive Co . [I9481 1 D.L.R.136 ......................................................................................................... 257
Modelboard v . Outerbox Lt d. [I9931 B.C.L.C.623 ................................................ 166
Monarch Steamship Co . Lt d. v MB Karlshamns Oljefabriker [I9491 A.C.196. H.L. ................................................................................................ 276
Montrod Ltd. v . Grundkotter Fleischvertriebs GmbH [2002] 3 All E.R. 697 ................................................................................................................... 231
Moorcock. The (1889) L.R. 14 P.D.64 ............................................................... 98
....................................... Moore & Co . v . Landauer & Co . [I9211 2 K.B.519 110, 112
................................................................ Moore v . Lunn (1922) 11 L1 . L . Rep.86 263
Moorgate Mercantile Co . v . Twitchings [I9771 A.C.890, H.L. .............................. 168
Moralice (London) Ltd . v . E.D.& F. Man [1954] 2 Lloyd's Rep.525 ..................... 233
. xxiv .
Moran Galloway & Co . v . Uzielli [I9051 2 K.B.555 ............................................. 241
Moran, Galloway & Co . v . Uzielli [I9051 2 K.B.555. ............................................ 242
Morrison 6; Co . Ltd . v . Shaw Savill & Albion Co . Lt d. [19 161 2 K.B.783, . C A ................................................................................................................ 2 6 4
Morrison Steamship Co . Ltd . v . Greystoke Castle (Cargo Owners) [I9471 A.C.265 ............................................................................................................ 259
Mulox I.B.C. v . Geels [I9941 I.RL.R.422 ............................................................. 121
Natal Land & Colonisation Co . Lt d. v . Pauline Colliery Syndicate [I9041 A.C.120 ............................................................................................................ 137
National Commercial Bank (Jamaica) Ltd v . Hew [2003] UKPC 5 1 ........................ 90
National Employers Insurance Association Ltd . v . Jones El9881 2 All E.R.425, H.L ..................................................................................................... 170
National Petroleum Co . v . Owners of the Athelviscount (1934) 48 L1 . L . Rep . 164 ............................................................................................................ 275
............. National Westminster Bank Plc v . Spectrum Plus Ltd . [2004] 3 W.L.R.503 13
New Bullas Trading Ltd., Re [ 19941 B . C . C . 36 ....................................................... 167
Newbome v . Sensolid (Great Britain) Ltd . [I9541 1 Q.B.45 .................................. 146
Newtons of Wembley Ltd . v . Williams [I9651 1 Q.B.560, C.A ................................ 170
Norris v . Southampton City Council, The Times, 27 January, 1982 ................. 116, 117
North & South Wales Bank v . Macbeth [I9081 A . C . 137, H.L. ............................... 215
North Ocean Shipping v . Hpndai Construction, The Atlantic Baron [I9791 Q.B.705 ................................................................................................... 90
Northem Foods Plc . v . Focal Foods Lt d. [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep.728 ........................ 78
Nugent v . Smith (1875-76) L.R 1 C.P.D.423 .................................................. 256, 258
N V Nederlandsche Banden Industrie Michelin v . Commission of the European Communities (Case 322/81), [I9831 E.C.R.3461 ................................ 199
Ocean Tramp Tankers Corp . v . V/0 SovJi.acht, The Eugenia, [I9641 2 Q.B.226, C.A. ................................................................................................. 117
OtConnell v . Jackson [I97 11 2 Lloyd's Rep.354, C.A. ........................................... 7 2
Olearia Tirrena SpA v . NVAlgemeene Oliehandel (The Osterbek) [I9731 2 Lloyd's Rep.86, C.A. ........................................................................................ 204
Olley v . Marlborough Court Lt d. [I9491 1 K.B. 532 ............................................... 180
Omnium DIEnterprises v . Sutherland [I9191 1 K.B.618 ........................................ 114
Oosthoek S Uitgeversmaatschappij BV (Case 286/81), [I9821 E.C.R.4575 ............. 191
Oppenheimer v . Attenborough & Son [I9081 1 K.B.22 1, C.A. ............................... 169
Ormrod v . Crosville Motor Service [I9531 1 W.L.R. 1 120 ....................................... 66
T ~ L E OF CASES
.................................................. Oscar Chess Ltd. v . Williams [I9571 1 W.L.R.370 93
Owners of Cargo Laden on Makedonia v . Makedonia Owners (The Makedonia) [I9621 2 All E.R614 ..................................................................... 263
Owners of Cargo Lately Laden on Board the Ardennes v . Owners of the Ardennes (The Ardennes) [I9511 1 K.B.55 ........................................................ 267
Ozalid Group v . Afiican Continental Bank [I9791 2 Lloyd's Rep.23 1 .................... 232
P.B. GroenveldBVv . Produktschap voor Vee en Vlees (Case 15/79), ............................................................................................ [I9701 E.C.R.3409 190
Pacijic Motor Auctions Pty Lt d. v . Motor Credits (Hire Finance) Lt d. [I9651 2 All E.R.105 ......................................................................................... 170
. Padbury v . Holliday and Greenwood Ltd (1912) 28 T.L.R.494 .............................. 71
Pagnan SpA v . Tradax Ocean Transportation 52 [I9871 2 Lloyd's Rep.342 ... 115, 203
Panchaud Freres S.A. v . Etablissements General Grain Co . [I9701 1 Lloyd's Rep.53 .............................................................................................. 208
Panorama Developments (Guildfor4 v . Fidelis Furnishing Fabrics [I9711 3 All E.R.16 ..................................................................................................... 135
Papayanni & Jerinica v . Grampian Steamship Co . Lt d. (1896) 12 T.L.R.540 ......................................................................................................... 260
Papera Traders Co . Ltd . v . H p d a i Merchant Marine Co . Lt d. (The Eurasian Dream) [2002] 1 Lloyd's Rep.7 19 ...................................................... 273
Parchim, The [1918] A.C.157 .............................................................................. 211
Parke Davis & Co . v . Probe1 and Centrafarm (Case 24/67), [1%8] E.C.R.55 ................................................................................................... 197, 199
........................................................................ Parker v . Felgate (1883) 8 P.D. 171 25
...................................... Parkinson v . Royal College ofAmbulance [I9251 2 K.B. 1 88
Partridge v . Crittenden [I9681 2 All E.R.42 1 ...................................................... 77
Payne v . Cave (1789) 3 Term.Rep.148 ................................................................... 78
Peachdart Ltd., Re [1984] Ch.13 1 ........................................................................ 165
Pearce v . Brooks (1866) L.R. 1 Ex213 .............................................................. 88
Pera Shipping Corporation v . Petroship S.A., (The Pera) [I9841 2 Lloyd's Rep.363 ............................................................................................................ 182
Petraco (Bermuda) v . Petromed International S A . [I9881 2 Lloyd's Rep.357, C.A .................................................................................................... 203
Petrograde Inc . v . Stinnes GmbH [I9951 1 Lloyd's Rep . 142 ................................. 204
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v . Boots Cash Chemists Lt d. [I9531 1 All E.R.482 .......................................................................................... 77
Pharmaceutical Society v . Storkwain (1986) 1 W.L.R.903 ...................................... 32
............... Pharmed Medicare Private Ltd . v . Univar Ltd . [2002] EWCA Civ . 1569 136
Philip Alexander Securities and Futures Lt d. v . Bamberger. The Times, 22 July. 1996 ..................................................................................................... 15. 16
Philippson and Others Appellants v . Imperial Airways. Limited [I9391 A.C.332. H.L. ................................................................................................... 293
Phillips v . Eyre (1870-71) L.R. 6 Q.B. 1 ................................................................ 127
Pickford Ltd . v . Celestica Ltd . [2003] EWCA Civ . 1741 .............................. 78, 79. 80
Pilcher v . Rawlins (1872) 7 Ch.App.259 ................................................................. 31
Pink v . Fleming (1890) 25 Q.B.D.396 ................................................................... 245
Pinnel S Case (1602) 77 E.R.237. ......................................................................... 110
Planchd v . Colburn (1831) 13 1 E.R.305 ............................................................... 113
Planchd v . Fletcher (1779) 1 Doug . K.B.251 ........................................................ 243
Plus Group Ltd. v . Pyke [2002] EWCA Civ . 370 ..................................................... 87
Polemis. Re [I9211 3 K.B.560 ................................................................................ 7 0
Porter v . Freudenberg [I9151 1 K.B.857 ................................................................ 88
Portland Management Lt d. v . Harte [1977] Q.B.306 ............................................... 65
Poseidon Freight Forwarding Co . Lt d. v . Davies Turner Southern Lt d. 2 Lloyd's Rep.388 ................................................................................................ 181
Poussardv . Spiers &Pond (1876) 1 Q.B.D.410 ............................... 101. 113. 115. 116
President of India v . Metcalfe Shipping Co . Ltd . (The Dunelmia) [I9701 2 Q.B.289 ............................................................................................................ 262
Procter & Gamble Philippine Manufacturing Corp . v . Kurt A . Becher GmbH & Co . [1988] 2 Lloyd's Rep.2 1, C.A. ..................................................... 268
Pyrene & Co v . Scindia Navigation Co [I9541 2 Q.B.402 ...................................... 204
Quantum Corp . Inc . v . Plane Trucking Ltd . [2003] 1 All ER.873. C . A ........... .282 , 286
R v . Galbraith [I9821 2 All E.R.1060 ..................................................................... 57
R v . Kingston upon Hull Justices. ex parte McCan (1991) 155 J.P.569 .................... 52
R v . New Stateman (Editor) (1928) 44 T.L.R301 .................................................. 12
R v . Newton (1983) 77 C.App.R.13 ................................................................... 52, 56
R v . Powell (1994) 98 Cr.App.R.224 ....................................................................... 12
R v . Samuda (1989) 11 Cr.App.R.471 C.A ......................................................... 12
R v . St . George (1840) 9 C.& P.483 ....................................................................... 6 4
R v . Wilson [I9551 1 All E.R.744 ............................................................................ 64
R . & B . Customs Brokers Co . Lt d. v . United Dominions Trust Ltd . [I9881 1 All E.R.847 ....................................................................................................... 184
R . v . Bird [I9851 Crim.L.R.388 .............................................................................. 36
R . v . Burgess (1991) 2 W.L.R.1206 .................................................................... 34
R . v . Caldwell [I9811 1 All E.R.961 ....................................................................... 33
R . v . Cunningham [I9571 2 All E.R412 ................................................................. 33
R . v . Dudley and Stephens (1884) 14 Q.B.D.273 ..................................................... 35
R . v . D u f i [1%7] 1 Q.B.63 .................................................................................... 35
R . v . Gotts (1992) 1 All E.R.832 ............................................................................. 35
R . v . Graham [I9821 1 W.L.R.294 .......................................................................... 35
R . v . Henn (Maurice Donald) (No . 1) (19791 2 C.M.L.R.495, H.L. ......................... 190
R . v . Howe [I9871 A.C.417 .................................................................................... 35
R . v . Larsonneur (1933) 24 C.A.R.74 ..................................................................... 32
R . v . Miller [I9831 A.C.161 .................................................................................... 32
R . v . M'Naghten (1843) 10 C1.& Fin.200 ..................................................... 3 34
R . v . Moloney [I9851 1 All E.R. 1025 ..................................................................... 33
R . v . Pharmaceutical Society, exparte API (Case 26/87) [I9891 E.C.R.1295 ....................................................................................................... 190
R . v . Pike [1961] Crim.L.R.547 ............................................................................ 33
R . v . Secretary of State for Transport, exparte Factortame (Case C- 213/89), [I9901 3 C.M.L.R.867 ......................................................................... 194
R . v . Shivpuri (1986) 2 W.L.R.988 ......................................................................... 33
R . v . Simpson @an McDonald) [2004] Q.B. 1 18 ....................................................... 13
R . v . Spencer [I9851 Q.B.771 C.A. ......................................................................... 14
R.E. Jones Lt d. v . Waring & Gillow Ltd . [1926] A.C.670, H.L. ............................. 219
R.H. Willis & Sons v . British Car Auctions Lt d. [I9781 1 W.L.R438 ....................... 66
Race Relations Board v . Applin [I9751 A.C.259 ..................................................... 34
Rafles v . Wichelaus (1864) 2 H.C.906 ................................................................... 96
Rafsanjan Pistachio Producers Co-operation v . Bank Leumi (U.K.) plc . [I9921 1 Lloyd's Rep.513 ........................................................................... 23 1, 232
Rageisen Zentralbank Osterreich AG v . Five Star General Trading LLC (The Mount l) [200 11 1 Lloyd's Rep.597, C.A. .................................................. 122
Rakhit v . Carty [I9901 2 All E.R.202 C.A .............................................................. 13
Ramsgate Victoria Hotel Co . Ltd . v . Montejore (1866) L.R. 1 Ex. 109 .................... 78
Rayner v . Rederiaktiebolaget Condor [I8951 2 Q.B.289 ......................................... 66
Reardon Smith Line Lid . v . Black Sea & Baltic General Insurance Co . Ltd . [1939] A.C.562, H.L. ........................................................................................ 263
Reardon Smith Line v . Hansen Tangen [I9761 1 W.L.R.989, H.L. ................. .102, 154
Reference Re Amendment of the Constitution of Canada (1 982) 125 D.L.R. rd (3 ) 1 .................................................................................................................. 22
Reinhart Co . v . Joshua Hoyle & Sons Ltd . [1%1] 1 Lloyd's Rep.346 ..................... 211
Rewe-Zentrale AG v . Bundesmonopolverwaltung fur Branntwein (Case 120178). [I9791 E.C.R649 ................................................................................ 191
Richco International Ltd . v . Bunge & Co . Ltd . (The New Prosper) [I99 11 2 Lloyd's Rep.93 ................................................................................................. 205
Rio Tinto Co . Lt d. v . Seed Shipping Co . Ltd . (1 926) 24 L1 . L . Rep.3 16 ..................... 264
Riverstone Meat Co . Pty Lt d. v . Lancashire Shipping Co . Ltd . (The Muncaster Castle) [I96 11 A.C.807, H.L. .......................................................... 2 7 3
Rolls Razor Ltd . v Cox [I9671 1 Q.B.552, C.A. ..................................................... 131
Roscorla v . Thomas (1842) 3 Q.B.234 .................................................................... 81
Rose v . Plenty [I9761 1 W.L.R. 141 ........................................................................ 7 1
Roselodge Ltd. formerly Rose Diamond Products Ltd.) v . Castle [1%6] 2 Lloyd's Rep . 113 ................................................................................................ 242
Ross v . H.M. Advocate (1991) S.L.T.564 ................................................................ 35
Rossiter v . Miller (1878) 3 A C . 1124 .................................................................... 2 6 2
Rowland v . Diva11 [I9231 2 K.B. 500 .................................................................. 153
Rowson v . Atlantic Transport [I9031 2 K.B.666 .................................................... 263
Rudolph A Oetker v . IFA Internationale Frachtagentur AG (The Almak) [I9851 1 Lloyd's Rep.557 .................................................................................. 267
Russell v . Niemann (1864) 34 L.J. C.P.10 ............................................................. 258
............... SA Hercules Chemicals NVV . Commission 1199 11 E.C.R. 11-171 1. C.F.1 195
Samcrete Egypt Engineers & Contractors SAE v . Land Rover Exports Ltd . [2001] EWCA Civ 2019 .................................................................................... 122
Saunders v . Anglia Building Society [ 197 11 A.C. 1004 ............................................ 9 4
Scaramanga & Co . v . Stamp (1879-80) L.R. 5 C.P.D.295 ..................................... 264
.............. . Schuler A.G. v Wickman Machine Tool Sales Lt d. [I9741 A.C.235, H.L. 101
Schumacher v . Hauptzollamt Frankfurt-am Main-Ost (Case 2 15/87). [I9891 E.C.R.617 ............................................................................................. 190
Scottv . Avey (1856) 5 H.L.C.811, H.L .................................................................. 15
Scruttons Ltd . v . Midland Silicones Lt d. [I9621 A.C.446 ....................................... 181
Seaconsar Far East Ltd. v . Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran [1999] 1 Lloyd's Rep.36 C.A. .......................................................................................... 232
Selectmove, Re [I9951 2 All E.R.521 ..................................................................... 8 3
Sewell v . Burdick [I8841 10 App.Cas.74 H.L. ...................................................... 266
Shaw v . Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis 119871 1 W.L.R. 1332 .............. 169
Shaw v . Symmons (19171 1 K.B.799 ..................................................................... 257
.............................. Shell (U.K.) Ltd . v . Lostock Garages Ltd . 119761 1 W.L.R. 1187 99
Shepherd v . Kottgen (1877) 37 L.T.618 ................................................................ 260
Shipton. Anderson & Co . and Harrison BroslArbitration. Re [I9 151 3 K.B.676 ........................................................................................................... 116
Shipton. Anderson & Co . Ltd . v . Weil Bros & Co . Ltd . [I9121 1 KB.574 .............. 173
Shirlaw v . Southern Foundries Lt d. 119391 2 K.B.206, [1940] A.C.701 H.L. .................................................................................................................... 98
Shogun Finance Lt d. v . Hudson [2004] 1 A . C . 9 19 ............................................ 9 5 96
Sika Contracts Ltd . v . Gill. The Times. 27 April 1978 ........................................... 145
Simpson v . John Reynolds [I9751 2 All E.R.88 ....................................................... 82
Sirius International Insurance Co . Lt d. v . FAI General Insurance Ltd . [2004] 1 All E.R.308 ......................................................................................... 231
Skibsaktieselskapet Thor . Thoresens Linje v . H . Tyrer & Co . Ltd (1929) 35 L1 . L . Rep . 163 .................................................................................................... 67
Slater v . Finning [I9961 3 All E.R.398. H.L. ........................................................ 156
Societe Italo-Belge Pour le Commerce et L'lndustrie 52 (Antwerp) v . Palm and Vegetable Oils (Il.ialaysia), The Post Chaser [I9811 2 Lloyd's Rep.695 ......................................................................................................... 82
Society of Lloyd's v . Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce [I9931 2 Lloyd's Rep.579 .............................................................................................. 230
Soproma SpA v . Marine &Animal By-products Corporation [I9661 1 Lloyd's Rep.367 ......................................................................................... 230: 233
Spiro v . Lintern [I9731 1 W.L.R. 1002 .................................................................. 136
Spracklan's Estate Re [I9381 2 All E.R.345 ............................................................ 26
Springer v . G . W . Rail . Co . 119211 1 KB.257 ........................................................ 137
St . Albans City Council v . International Computers Ltd . [I9961 4 All E.R481, C.A. ................................................................................................. 151
Standard Chartered Bank v . Pakistan National Shipping Corporation and Others (No.2) [2003] 1 Lloyd's Rep.227. H.L ...................................................... 92
Stanley v . Powell [I89 11 1 Q.B.86 .......................................................................... 64
. Starkey v Bank of England [I9031 A.C. 114 .......................................................... 144
Starmark Enterprises Ltd. v . C . P . L . Distribution Lt d. [2002] Ch306 C.A ................ 13
Steel v . State Line Steamship Co . (1877-78) L.R. 3 App . Cas.72, H.L .................... 263
Stein. Forbes & Co . v . County Tailoring (1916) 115 L.T.215 ................................ 175
Stilk v . Myrick (1809) 170 E.R.1168 ....................................................................... 82
Strung Steel & Co . v . A . Scott & Co . (1889) 14 A.C.601, 608 ................................ 260
Suiker Unie v . Commission (Cases 40-48, 50, 54-56, 11 1. 113-1 14/73). [I9751 E.C.R. 1663 ............................................................................................ 197
Sze Hai Tong Bank v . Rambler Cycle Co . Ltd . [I9591 2 Lloyd's Rep . 114 .............. 266
Tanner v . Tanner [I9751 1 W.L.R. 1346 ................................................................. 88
Tarling v . Baxter (1827) 6 B . & C.360 .................................................................. 158
Tate & Lyle Industries Ltd. v . Greater London Council [I9831 2 A.C.509 ............... 67
Tate v . Williamson (1866) 2 Ch.App.55 .................................................................. 90
. ............................................................... Taylor v Caldwell(1863) 122 E.R309 116
Tesco PIC v . Customs and Excise Commissioners. The Times. 16 October. 2003 ................................................................................................................... 82
Teutonia. The (1871-73) L.R. 4 P.C. 171 ............................................................... 264
............. . . Texas Instruments Ltd . v . Nason (Europe) Ltd [I99 11 1 Lloyd's Rep 146 285
Z'heodorou v . Chester [I95 11 1 Lloyd's Rep.204. K.B.D ........................................ 249
Thermo Engineers Ltd and Anhydro A/S v . Ferrymasters Ltd . [I98 11 1 W.L.R. 1470 ...................................................................................................... 282
................................ Thomas v . National Union ofMineworkers [I9851 2 All E.R. 1 64
.............. Thompson W.L. Lt d. v . Robinson (Gunmakers) Lt d. [I9551 1 A11 E.R.154 175
Thornton v . Shoe Lane Parking Ltd . [I97 11 1 Lloyd's Rep.289 ................................ 77
. ................... Thyssen Inc . v . Calypso Shipping Corp SA [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep.243 273
Tinn v . HofJan & Co . (1873) 29 L.T.271 .............................................................. 79
......................... TMNoten BVV . Paul Charles Harding [I9901 2 Lloyd's Rep.283 258
Towald Klaveness A/S v . Arni Maritime Corp., The Gregos [1994] 1 W.L.R.1465. H.L. ............................................................................................. 101
Tournier v . National Provincial and Union Bank of England [I9241 1 K.B.461. C.A. ................................................................................................. 225
Transpacijc Eternity SA v . Kanematsu Corp . (The Antares 110 [2002] 1 Lloyd's Rep.233 ......................................................................................... 164. 202
Transpetrol Ltd v . Trans01 Olieprodukten Nederland BV [I9891 1 Lloyd's Rep.309 .......................................................................................................... 204
Tribe v . Taylor (1875-76) L.R. 1 C.P.D.505 .......................................................... 142
Truck & Spares Ltd . v . Maritime Agencies (Southampton) Ltd . [I95 11 2 All E.R.982 ....................................................................................................... 266
Tsakiroglou & Co . Lt d. v . Noblee and Thorl GmbH [1%2] A.C.93 ....................... 117
Tubewille v . Savage (1969) 1 Mod.Rep.3 ............................................................... 64
Turnbull v . Garden (1869) 38 L.J. Ch.331 ............................................................ 141
Turpin v . Bilton (1843) 5 Man. & G.455 ............................................................... 140
Twine v . Bean's Express Ltd . (1946) 62 T.L.R.458 .................................................. 71
Underwood Ltd . v . Burgh Castle Brick & Cement Syndicate 119221 1 K.B.123, C.A .................................................................................................. 159
United Bank Ltd . v . Banque Nationale de Paris 119921 2 S.L.R64, H . Ct . of Singapore ..................................................................................................... 234
United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal B . V. v . Commission of the European Communities (Case 27/76). (1 9781 ECR 207 ........................................................................................................... 193
United City Merchants (Investments) v . Royal Bank of Canada [1983] 1 A.C. 168 ............................................................................................................ 231
United States v . Eastmount Shipping Corp . (1974) A.M.C. 1183 ............................ 260
Universal Non TariffFire Insurance Co. Re (1874-75) L.R. 19 Eq . 485 ................ 242
............... Universe Tankships v . I . T.F, (The Universe Sentinel) 119821 2 All E.R.67 90
Verband Sozialer Wettbewerb eV v . Clinique Laboratoires SNC (Case C- 315192). 119941 E.C.R. 1-317 ............................................................................. 191
Viho Europe BVv . Commission (Case C-73/95P). [I9961 E.C.R 1-5457 ............... 196
finden v . Hughes [I9051 1 K.B.795 ..................................................................... 215
VirginBritish Airways (Case IVD-2/34.780), Decision 2000/74/EC, 0 . J . L 30. 04/02/2000. p . 1 ........................................................................................ 199
Volkswagen A.G. v . Commission of the European Communities (Case C- 338/00), [2004] 4 C.M.L.R.7 ............................................................................. 195
Vortigern. The 118991 P . 140, C.A. ........................................................................ 263
Wachauf (Case 5/88), [I9891 E.C.R.2609 ........................................................... 194
....................................................................... Wagon Mound. The [I9611 A.C.388 70
Wait. Re 119271 1 Ch.606 ..................................................................................... 158
Waldron-Kelly v . British Railways Board 1198 11 C.L.Y. 303 ................................. 185
Wallis v . Smith (1882) L.R. 21 Ch.D.243 .............................................................. 105
Walsh v . Lonsdale. (1882) 2 1 Ch.D.9 ..................................................................... 32
Walter v . James (1871) L.R. 6 Ex124 .................................................................. 139
Waren Import Gesellschap Krohn & Co . v . Alfred C . Toepfer (The 'Vladimir Ilich 7 1 Lloyd's Rep . 322 ................................................................... 207
Warner Bros . v . Nelson 119361 3 All E.R. 160 ....................................................... 107
