relationship among theory, research and practice

7/29/2019 relationship among theory, research and practice

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RELATIONSHIPAMONG

THEORY,RESEARCHAND

PRACTICE


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THEORY

is a product of knowledge

is a group of concepts that describe a

pattern of reality which can be tested,

changed, or used to guide a research


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RESEARCH

is a process of inquiry

is a method used to gather data

needed for the theory


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PRACTICE

To do or perform (something)

repeatedly in order to acquire or polish

a skill


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NURSING THEORY

is a set of concepts, definitions,

relationships, and assumptions or

propositions derived from nursing models

or from other disciplines and project apurposive, systematic view of

phenomena by designing specific inter-

relationships among concepts for thepurposes of describing, explaining,

predicting, and/or prescribing


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NURSING RESEARCHis a scientific process that validates

and refines existing knowledge andgenerates new knowledge that directly

and indirectly influences nursing

practice


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NURSING PRACTICE

is the actual provision of nursing care


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First, theory is often based on observations

that are taken from practice. Then it will be

tested in clinical practice by clinicalresearch. The research process can

validate the theory, cause it to be modified,

or invalidate it. The more research that is

conducted about a theory, the more usefulthe theory is to practice.Practice is based on

the theories of the discipline that are

validated through research. Theory guides

the research process, forms the researchquestions, aids in design, analysis and

interpretation.


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Second, decisions made in practice

are often determined by drawing on

nursing theories. In some cases, therelationship between nursing theory

and nursing practice is that of a theory

being used as a tool in practice.


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For example, if a patient with a certain

condition or illness is taken under a

nurse's care, the nurse may look tonursing theory to figure out which

pharmaceuticals to describe, which

reactions to expect, and even how tospeak to the patient. A nurse can have

faith that a nursing theory is accurate

because it is probably based on years

of observation.


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The relationship between nursing

theory and nursing practice can also

work the other way. As nurses workwith different kinds of patients who

may be experiencing new conditions

or displaying unfamiliar behaviors, newnursing theory can be produced, and

existing nursing theory can change.

Many experts believe that a theory can

only be successful if it accurately

describes real life situations with

consistency.


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Nursing theory is also often used to

explain nursing practice. In this sense,

the relationship between nursingtheory and nursing practice is most

visible in the context of nursing

education. Students learning nursingprocedures consult theory to better

understand why certain practices are

performed.


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Systematization of nursing practice is

another key component of the

relationship between theory and practice.When research determines the optimal

care protocols for a particular condition, it

is important that nurses provide that

same care to care when dealing with all

patients suffering from the condition. A

theory can act as a guide for nurses so

that they can know which treatmentsalready have been provided and which

steps should come next.


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Theory also can be helpful in predicting

the behaviors and reactions of patients.

In nursing practice, a professional canpredict how patients from different age

groups and with different conditions

might behave according to established

nursing theories. This function of theory

also can allow nurses to determine which

kinds of preventative measures they

should take prior to treating a patient soas to avoid accidents and

miscalculations.


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Nursing theory is used to predict patient responsesto treatment and overall improvement outcomesusing observation and analysis throughout the

course of treatment. Theory approaches come infour general categories: descriptive, explanatory,predictive and prescriptive. Descriptive frameworksrely on concrete variables to analyze and predicttreatment progress and outcome. Explanatory

frameworks focus on how a patient's physical,emotional and environmental characteristics relateto an assigned course of treatment. Predictivetheories are based on expected treatmentoutcomes based on a patient's existing condition.

Prescriptive theories emphasize the therapeuticimpact of the nurse-patient relationship and how itaffect the treatment outcomes.

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relationship among theory, research and practice