Religious Reformations. Protestant Reformation Background Background Unequal Distribution of Wealth Unequal Distribution of Wealth Printing Press Printing

Religious Religious ReformationsReformations

Protestant Protestant ReformationReformation

BackgroundBackgroundUnequal Distribution of Unequal Distribution of WealthWealth

Printing PressPrinting PressSpread Renaissance ideasSpread Renaissance ideas

Emphasis on social reformEmphasis on social reformChurch as central forceChurch as central force

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

Church AbusesChurch Abuses Fought many political wars about Fought many political wars about

power and wealthpower and wealth PopesPopes

Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Led lavish lifestyles, financed art Had to finance new lifestyleHad to finance new lifestyle

Increased fees on marriage and Increased fees on marriage and baptismbaptism


IndulgencesIndulgencesQuicker exit from purgatoryQuicker exit from purgatory

Middle Ages- granted for good Middle Ages- granted for good deedsdeeds

Now- could be bought with Now- could be bought with moneymoney

Angered many ChristiansAngered many Christians

Protestant reformationProtestant reformation

Martin LutherMartin Luther German monk and professor of German monk and professor of

TheologyTheology Disillusioned with ChurchDisillusioned with Church

95 Theses95 Theses Wittenberg Church offered Wittenberg Church offered

indulgencesindulgences Entrance into heaven for them and Entrance into heaven for them and

dead relativesdead relatives


95 Theses95 ThesesLast straw for LutherLast straw for LutherWrote 95 ThesesWrote 95 ThesesPosted on churchPosted on churchDistributed overnightDistributed overnight


Church immediately asked Church immediately asked Luther to recant his viewsLuther to recant his views

Luther refusedLuther refused Wrote more and urged people to Wrote more and urged people to

reject Christian authorityreject Christian authority Luther was excommunicatedLuther was excommunicated


Charles VCharles VCalled Luther to the Diet of Called Luther to the Diet of

WormsWormsOrdered him to give up Ordered him to give up

teachingsteachingsLuther refusedLuther refusedDeclared an outlawDeclared an outlaw


Luther’s teachingsLuther’s teachingsAll citizens have equal access to All citizens have equal access to

God through faith and the BibleGod through faith and the BibleTranslated the Bible into GermanTranslated the Bible into GermanEvery town has a schoolEvery town has a schoolBanned indulgences, Banned indulgences,

confessions, pilgrimage, and confessions, pilgrimage, and prayers to Saintsprayers to Saints


Luther’s Teaching’s (cont.)Luther’s Teaching’s (cont.)Mass was focused on sermon Mass was focused on sermon Nicknamed Protestants Nicknamed Protestants Many powerful followersMany powerful followers


Peace of AugsbergPeace of AugsbergCharles V and Lutheran Charles V and Lutheran

PrincesPrincesFought over ReligionFought over ReligionSigned in 1553Signed in 1553Gave choice to Prince to pick Gave choice to Prince to pick

either Catholic or Lutheraneither Catholic or Lutheran


Switzerland ReformationSwitzerland Reformation John CalvinJohn Calvin

Trained as a priest and Trained as a priest and lawyerlawyer

Shared in many of Luther’s Shared in many of Luther’s beliefsbeliefs

Protestant reformationProtestant reformation

Switzerland Reformation (cont.)Switzerland Reformation (cont.) PredestinationPredestination

God had long ago determined God had long ago determined who would gain salvationwho would gain salvation

Saints and SinnersSaints and Sinners


Switzerland ReformationSwitzerland ReformationGenevaGenevaAsked Calvin to run cityAsked Calvin to run city

TheocracyTheocracyCreated CalvinismCreated Calvinism


CalvinismCalvinismVery strict rulesVery strict rules

Ideas spread quicklyIdeas spread quicklyCaused many religious warsCaused many religious warsCatholics and Lutherans Catholics and Lutherans

opposed Calvinismopposed Calvinism

English ReformationEnglish Reformation

Henry VIIIHenry VIII Strongly against protestant Strongly against protestant

revoltrevolt Had no male heirHad no male heir Wanted marriage annulled, so Wanted marriage annulled, so

he could remarry and have a sonhe could remarry and have a son Pope said noPope said no


Henry VIII furiousHenry VIII furiousTook over English ChurchTook over English ChurchKilled anyone who disagreedKilled anyone who disagreedAnglican ChurchAnglican ChurchKept mostly Catholic forms of Kept mostly Catholic forms of

worshipworship


Henry VIII DiedHenry VIII Died Edward VI took overEdward VI took over

Strong ProtestantStrong Protestant““Book of Common Prayer”Book of Common Prayer”

Required in Church servicesRequired in Church servicesModerate form of Protestant Moderate form of Protestant

ServiceService


Edward VI diedEdward VI died Mary Tudor took overMary Tudor took over

Henry VIII daughterHenry VIII daughter Returned England back to Returned England back to

CatholicismCatholicism Burned people at the stakeBurned people at the stake


Mary Tudor diedMary Tudor died Elizabeth I took OverElizabeth I took Over

Henry VIII daughterHenry VIII daughter More ProtestantMore Protestant Elizabethan SettlementElizabethan Settlement Compromise between Protestant and Compromise between Protestant and

Catholic practicesCatholic practices

English ReformEnglish Reform

Satisfied both religionsSatisfied both religionsEnded war and turmoilEnded war and turmoilKept many Catholic traditions, Kept many Catholic traditions,

but made England mainly but made England mainly Protestant nationProtestant nation

Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation

Pope Paul IIIPope Paul IIIWanted to revive moral Wanted to revive moral

authority of churchauthority of churchStop Protestant pushStop Protestant push

Council of TrentCouncil of TrentMet for almost 20 yearsMet for almost 20 yearsReaffirmed Catholic viewsReaffirmed Catholic views


Salvation comes through faith Salvation comes through faith and good worksand good works

Bible is not only source of truthBible is not only source of truth Ends church abusesEnds church abuses Better educated clergyBetter educated clergy


InquisitionInquisition Fought ProtestantsFought Protestants Church court used secret Church court used secret

testimony, torture, and execution testimony, torture, and execution to find out informationto find out information

Brought newfound faithBrought newfound faith JesuitsJesuits Theresa of AvilaTheresa of Avila


LegacyLegacy Most Europeans remained Most Europeans remained

CatholicCatholic Brought back many Protestant Brought back many Protestant

convertsconverts Still many debates and wars Still many debates and wars

about religion in Governmentabout religion in Government


PersecutionPersecution WitchesWitches

Belief in Christianity and magicBelief in Christianity and magic JewsJews

Most cities banned themMost cities banned themGhettosGhettosPlaced many restrictions and Placed many restrictions and expelled themexpelled them

Documents

Religious Reformations. Protestant Reformation Background Background Unequal Distribution of Wealth Unequal Distribution of Wealth Printing Press Printing