Renaisance Architecture in France (Duran)

7/31/2019 Renaisance Architecture in France (Duran)

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Architectural

Character


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Early Period (1494-1589 or 16

th

Century)

Classical Period (1589-1715 or

17th Century)

Late Period (18th Century)


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1494 1589 or 16th Century


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St. Eustache,Paris planned like

a five-aisled

mediaeval church

with apsidal end,high roofs, window

tracery flying

buttress, pinnacles

and deeply-recessed portals,

all clothed with

Renaissance

details.


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In Italy the principal buildings were erected in towns aspalaces for Popes, prelates and nobles; while theprincipal buildings in France were castles in the countryround Paris and on the Loire for the King and hiscourtiers.

In Italy the influence of ancient Rome is apparent in theclassical treatment of detail and ornament, while the

influence of traditional Gothic craftsmanship was morepronounced in France.

In Italy the predominant characteristics are statelinessand a tendency to classical horizontally, but in France thesalient features are picturesqueness and a tendency to

Gothic verticality. Early buildings of the period in Italy were principally

churches, while in France the chateaux for the nobilityare the early buildings are sufficient churches of themiddle ages already existed.


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Chateaux

A castle orimposing

country

residence ofnobility in old

France. Now,

any Frenchcountry

estate.

Renaissance Chateau NearTours


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1589 1715 or 17th Century


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Dignity, Sobriety, and Masculine quality of itsforemost buildings.

Resulting from the subordination of plan.

Composition and Detail of the unity of thewhole.

Charity and Simplicity with which the

elements were used.

Ornament, though somewhat coarse.

Vigorous.

Reasonably restrained.


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In the earlier part of the period brick is much

favoured as a building material, usually in

conjunction with stone or stuccco used for'quoinsand dressings and for'chaines which in lieu of

pilasters, rise vertically between the string-mouldings

and cornice so as to form wall-panels;

These often having central framed ornaments orniches or being in filled with patterned brickwork.

Quoins-In masonry a hard stone or brick

used, with similar ones, to reinforce anexternal corner or edge of a wall or the

like; often distinguished decoratively

from adjacent masonry; may be

imitated in non-load bearing materials.


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Windows grew increasingly large, and ride up into the steep roofs

as dormers, while stone mullions and transoms tend to give place

to wood.

There is much play with rustication, on the Orders themselves

when these appear; sometimes the orders enframe dormers, aswell as the windows aligned vertically below.

Roofs at first mostly are steep and treated in separate pavilion

units, and the 'Mansard roof of two different slopes is popular, but

as the period develops, unified pitched roofs or flat roofs become

increasingly common.

Chaines- (chain) vertical strips of

rusticated masonry risingbetween the horizontal string-

mouldings and cornice of a

building, and so dividing the

facades into bays or panels.


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Dormer

- A window in a sloping roof usually that of a

sleeping-apartment.Mullion

- Vertical members dividing windows into

different numbers of lights.

Transom

- The horizontal divisions or crossbars of

windows.

Mansard - A roof having a double slope on all four

sides; the lower slope being much steeper,

and flatter upper portion named after

mansart. Also known as a gambrel roof.


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The Orders figure much more frequently in the second half of the

period, normally superimposed in the typical French manner, but

with a little recourse to the giant order.

The orders become much more strictly classical in proportions

and detail than formerly, and this relatively simplicity of exteriordesign accentuates the contrast with interior decoration, which is

brilliantly profuse in fanciful scrolls, nymphs, wreaths, and shells

carried cut in stucco and 'papier mache.

Forms of ornament also consistently applied to furniture and

fittings. This was the great age of Renaissance architecture in

Place Des Vosges, Paris The Opera House, Cologne


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Scroll -An ornament consisting of a spirally wound

band, either as a running ornament or as a

terminal, like the volutes of the ionic capital orthe scrolls on consoles and modillions.

Nymphaeum -A room decorated with plants, sculpture and

fountains (often decorated with nymphs) andintended for relaxation.

Nymphs -Any group of minor nature goddesses

represented as beautiful maidens living in

rivers, mountains and trees.

Wreath -A twisted band, garland, or chaplet,

representing flowers, fruits, leaves often used

in decoration.


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Papier-mache - A material composed

principally of paper;usualy prepared bypulping a mass of paper(sometimes glue is

added) to a dough-likeconsistently and moldingto a desired form.

Maison Milsand, Dijon:

Upper Part of Facade


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Church of SaintAndrew's at the

Quirinal


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The Church of Saint Andrew's is a Roman Catholic titular

church in Rome, Italy, built for of the Jesuit seminary on theQuirinal Hill.

The church of Sant'Andrea, an important example of Roman

Baroque architecture, was designed by Gian Lorenzo

Bernini with Giovanni de'Rossi.

Bernini received the commission in 1658 and the church

was constructed by 1661, although the interior decoration

was not finished until 1670.

The site previously accommodated a 16th century church,

Sant'Andrea a Montecavallo. Commissioned by formerCardinal Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, with the

approval ofPope Alexander VII, Sant'Andrea was the third

Jesuit church constructed in Rome, after the Church of the

Ges and Sant'Ignazio.Bernini considered the church one of his most erfect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant'Ignaziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant'Ignaziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini

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Renaisance Architecture in France (Duran)