Renaissance Pdns

The Renaissance is a period in the history of Europe beginning in about 1400, and following the Medieval period, also known as the Middle Ages.

The word "Renaissance" comes from an Italian word meaning "rebirth". The reason that the period is called by this name is that, at that time, people

started taking an interest in the learning of ancient times, in particular the learning of Ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance was seen as a

"rebirth" of that learning. The Renaissance is often said to be the start of the "modern age". During the Renaissance, there were many famous

artists, many writers and many philosophers. Many people studied mathematics and different sciences. A person who is clever at a great number of

things is sometimes called a "Renaissance Man". Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, a scientist, a musician and a philosopher, is the most

famous Renaissance Man.

The Renaissance started in Italy but soon spread across the whole of Europe. In Italy the time is divided into three periods:-

•The Early Renaissance.

•The High Renaissance

•The Late Renaissance which is also called the Mannerist period.

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Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

1. What was the Italian Renaissance?

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2. Based upon the text, what do you think it means to be a Renaissance Man?

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3. What cultures were people interested in during the time of the Renaissance?

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4. What are the three periods of the Renaissance?

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The historical period called the

Renaissance began in Italy in the 1400s,

and for the next three centuries

Renaissance innovations in art,

architecture, science, and religion spread

slowly across the European continent.

The word Renaissance means "rebirth,"

for it was during the Renaissance that

European civilization began to move

away from the somber medieval ideals so

well symbolized by that age's dark castles

and brooding cathedrals, into the light of

a new era. The Renaissance was a unique

historical period, for the leaders of the

Renaissance found much of their

inspiration in the great art and literature

of the ancient civilizations of Greece and

Rome, and here, among these ruins, the

leaders of the Renaissance rediscovered

some wonderful ideas that had been all

but lost for nearly 1000 years.

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Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture (be mature!)

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1. What was the Renaissance?

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2. Based upon the text, what cultures were people of the Renaissance inspired by?

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3. On what continent did the Renaissance start?

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4. In what different categories did innovations take place during the Renaissance?

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The Vitruvian Man, a drawing by Leonardo DaVinci in which

he attempted to perfectly draw the ideal human form.

During the Middle Ages, the greatest

artists painted in a way that emphasized

religious images and symbolism rather

than realism. Most paintings depicted

scenes holy figures and people important

in the Christian religion. Even the most

talented painters of the Middle Ages paid

little attention to making humans and

animals look lifelike, creating natural

looking landscapes, or creating a sense of

depth and space in their paintings.

During the Renaissance, artists began to

make their works look more realistic.

They would include better perspective,

more realistic human figures, and even a

three dimensional quality. This contrasts

sharply from the painting style that was

used during the middle ages that merely

emphasized the subject, and not how real

the subject looked in the drawing.

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1. What did Medieval art look like?

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2. What was the subject of most of medieval works of art?

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3. What do you think the picture is of (it is something that happened in the middle ages)?

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4. What is something that is different about Renaissance art compared to medieval art?

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This is a Medieval Painting from a Science textbook.

As the Renaissance spread, the many

advances that were made were spread as

well. At the time of the Renaissance there

were advances made in Painting,

Architecture, Science, Literature, Sculpture,

and many other areas. Long standing beliefs

were tested and the acceptance of

challenging long held beliefs became

acceptable. The scholastic thinking and the

humanistic thinking both led to great

advances and prepared the world for the

thinkers and scientists of the 17th century.

The development of modern science was

born from the Renaissance idea that

humankind rules nature. The concepts of

human freedom and republicanism were

adopted during the Renaissance and English

constitutional theory, as we know it today, is

the result. The form of government in the

United States may well be from political

thought born during the Renaissance.

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1. What were some areas where advances took place during the Renaissance?

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2. How has the Renaissance affected us in the United States?

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3. According to thinking in the Renaissance, who rules nature?

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4. What does it mean to test a long standing belief? Give an example.

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This is a Renaissance perspective machine. The technique of linear perspective allows artists to simulate or construct the appearance of three dimensional space on a two dimensional surface. It is one of the major innovations of European art, with an extraordinary impact on western visual culture from the 15th to the 19th centuries.

In the early days of the sixteenth century, when Florence was the

center of the political, cultural and artistic spheres of Italy, there

resided within its walls two prominent men of arts. One was

Leonardo da Vinci, a self assured and highly honored artist, still

straight-backed and strong although he was in his fifties. The other

was Michelangelo Buonarotti, a grumpy, unpredictable minor

nobleman, just beginning his artistic career, yet already recognized

as a rising star and a genius.

In 1503, a major Florence city leader asked both artists to decorate

the walls of the newly built council walls. Each artist would be

painting on the walls different scenes from different famous battles

that Florence participated in. Michelangelo would draw the Battle

of Cascina (top) and Leonardo was to paint the Battle of Anghiari

(bottom). Neither artist ever finished the works. Leonardo

progressed further than Michelangelo did; he at least managed to

put up the cartoon, or the initial drawings, on the walls of the hall.

What the finished works would have been like will never be known,

but from the cartoons and studies both artists prepared, the final

forms can be guessed — and they would have been magnificent.

There was little similarity between the works: the styles of the two

masters were as different as night and day. Leonardo was known for

the shadowy softness and ambiguity of his work; Michelangelo was

rapidly becoming known for imbuing his work with a sense of

vibrant energy and dynamism. These sketches were the first

representations of war from either artist, and were arresting for the

way they captured the emotions of the figures portrayed.

Leonardo’s sketches captured the unbearable heat of the battle, in a

horrific clash of desperate men and screaming horses;

Michelangelo’s drawings showed the bizarre ordinariness and chaos

swirling around the edges of the battle, as complacent soldiers were

caught by the attacking enemy while bathing in a stream.

Contemporary artists were astounded and proclaimed that both

works would be masterpieces — when completed.

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1. How were Michelangelo and Leonardo different in personality?

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2. What two battles were to be drawn by the two artists??

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3. Why do you think they had such a large rivalry?

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4. What do you notice about the two pictures? How are they similar/different?

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Art in the Renaissance changed the way that we view art

forever. There were different types of art in the

Renaissance: poetry, books, stories, drawings,

architecture, painting, & sculpture. The most famous were

painters and sculptors. Most of the artists knew they were

important for the economy of the local town and city state

where they worked. If they created great works of art,

people would want to visit their city-state. City-states

fought over who had the best artists. One of the best, most

famous, artists was Michelangelo. He was most famous

for his unique paintings and sculptures. He is famous for

his painting on the ceiling and altar wall of the Sistine

Chapel. Michelangelo was positioned, his back to the

scaffold, more than 50 feet above the floor of the chapel.

He said, "My beard points to Heaven... my paint brush all

the day does drop a rich mosaic on my face." He painted

200 figures, more or less, on the ceiling of the Sistine

Chapel.

Michelangelo's full name is Michelangelo Buonarotti.

Another one of the things he is also famous for his

sculpture the Pieta`, a sculpture of the dead Christ in his

mother's arms. Michelangelo thought of himself as a

sculptor not a painter. Michelangelo had a unique way to

his sculpting. He made the figures very large and

muscular. He also added some motion and emotion to the

people in his sculptures.

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1. Why did city states argue over artists?

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2. What was unique about the way that Michelangelo sculpted?

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3. What do you think the quote about the Sistine chapel means?

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4. Who is in the sculpture, The Peita?

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There are many different

religions in the world. There

is Islam, Judaism, Shinto,

Buddhism, and Christianity

just to name a few. Some

people don’t believe in god,

and these people call

themselves atheists, while

others, who don’t know if

there is a god or not, are

called “agnostic”. The chart

on the left shows the largest

belief systems in the world.

What do you believe about

the religion?

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Observations: Please list a few things you notice about this chart:

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Conclusions: Based upon the chart or your prior knowledge:

1. What is the first largest religion in the world?

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2. What is the second largest religion in the world?

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3. Do you have a religion? If so, what is it?

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4. Do you believe in God? Why or why not? What percentage of people are

nonreligious?

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The Protestant Reformation is what people call a

series of events that happened in the 16th century.

Some people saw a need to change the way the

Catholic church worked. The central points of

criticism were the following:

• The church sold letters of absolution

(forgiveness) from sins for money. This

suggested that the rich could buy their way

into Heaven while the poor could not -

quite the opposite of what the Bible says.

• Most people did not understand the

sermon, because it was in Latin. The

sermon is what priests tell in church.

Different priests told different things. Some

of those things had little to do with what

was written in the Bible (The Holy Book of

Christianity).

People like Martin Luther and John Calvin saw

this, and acted against it. This led to a split of the

church, into Catholic church (what was there

before) and a number of Protestant churches.

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1. List the different Christian denominations that existed after the Reformation:

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2. Name two people that were important in starting the Reformation

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3. What church did reformers split off of?

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4. What were two major arguments that reformers had with the Catholic Church?

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To King Henry VII of England, a second son, Prince

Henry,was born at the Greenwich Palace, London, on June

28, 1491. After Arthur, his older brother, died, Henry was

left heir to the throne. He went on to become the most

formidable and famous king who ever reigned in England.

His handsome physical appearance; very tall with broad

shoulders, strong athletic limbs, and fair skin; added to his

popularity. Throughout his reign King Henry VIII was

married six different times. He married for both political and

formal reasons.

Henry married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, in June,

1509. Anne Boleyn became his second wife in secret in

January, 1533. When Henry could not be divorced by the

Church, because the Pope refused, he decided to declare

himself rightful leader of the Catholic Church in England.

He made all lords and important people swear allegiance to

him, and most did so. Some were put to death for refusing to

declare him leader of the Church in England. One of the

most famous of these was a man named Sir Thomas Moore.

He eventually got divorced and remarried. Jane Seymour,

Henry's third wife, provided him the much desired heir to the

throne in October, 1537. Henry married Anne of Cleves, his

fourth wife, under political terms with Western Germany in

1540. Henry's fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was Anne of

Cleves's maid of honor. She married Henry in 1540 also.

Finally, Catherine Parr helped to bring his family together

when they married in July, 1543. Catherine Parr outlived

King Henry VIII when his glorious reign ended with his

death on January 28, 1547.

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1. What were the two main reasons that Henry VIII was married 6 times?

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2. What did Henry VIII do when the Pope would not grant him a divorce?

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3. Which wife provided Henry’s heir to the English throne?

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4. Why were people like Sir Thomas Moore put to death?

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The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a

strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic

Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, in reaction to the

growth of Protestantism. Catholics who wanted to change the

church but stay catholic participated.

Even before the posting of Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses in

1517, there had been evidence of change within the Church,

combating the things that Luther and others didn’t like. These

people had demands to change the doctrine and structure of the

Medieval Church and even contributed to anti priest ideas of

figures such as John Huss and John Wycliffe in the late

fourteenth century. The Catholic Reformation, aimed at

correcting the sources of the Reformation, and pronounced since

the pontificate of Pope Paul III, was both a reaction, committed to

protecting Catholic institutions and practices from heresy and

Protestantism, but also a way to change, committed to reform the

Church from within to stem the growing appeal of Protestantism.

Broadly speaking, the Catholic Reformation, which climaxed in

the Council of Trent—once of only two of such Councils held

(the other convening quite recently under Pope John XXIII in the

late 1950s) represented a three-sided strategy: an autocratic

church at the top liked to the individual by the parish church. The

Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine

and structure of the Medieval Church, presiding over reforms that

would improve its effectiveness.

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Inferences: List three things you can see in this picture

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1. What was the counter reformation

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2. What kind of person participated in the Counter Reformation?

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3. What was the name of the council at the end of the Counter Reformation?

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4. What did the Council of Trent accomplish?

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Renaissance Pdns