American Revolution PDNS

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Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture

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Conclusions: Based upon the reading or your prior knowledge:

1. Make an inference…what is the joke in this picture?

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2. Please write your thesis statement from your essay below:

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3. Have you had someone read over your essay? If not, who could read over it?

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4. What makes your essay interesting (what is the hook)?

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5. Do you back up all of your statements with evidence? Give an example…

When you write an essay, it is important that

you have certain elements in it to make sure

that it is quality. You should always have an

introductory paragraph. In the introduction,

you are going to outline what it is you are

going to discuss in your essay. You should

include a thesis statement in that first

paragraph. A thesis statement is a position

statement on which you base the rest of your

essay. In your body paragraphs, you should

be attempting to prove your thesis. You

should make statements, and then back them

up with evidence. In your concluding

paragraph, you should restate your thesis in a

new and interesting way. We should always

write our essays in a way that makes them

interesting to the reader. No one wants to be

board out of their mind!

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6. Make an inference…what groups of people are fighting in this Picture?

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7. What was the “French and Indian War”?:

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8. Who won the war?

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9. What were some effects of the war?

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10. In what years was the war fought?

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The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a seven-year-

long war between Britain and France (France was allied

with the Indians). Although fighting began in 1754, the

war did not officially begin until 1756. They were fighting

for the control of much of North America. This war was a

part of a larger war that was going on in Europe.

At the beginning of the war, France controlled Canada and

the Louisiana Territory. Britain controlled most of the east

coast of North America. In one of the first battles of the

war, Lieutenant Colonel George Washington and his

Virginia troops (fighting for the British) were sent to

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to remove the French from their

new fort. Washington was defeated by the French, and the French soon controlled the entire region.

In 1756, the British began to defeat the French, especially

in naval battles. In 1759, General James Wolfe's army

defeated the French at Quebec (although both Gen. Wolfe

and his French adversary Gen. Montcalm both died during

the battle).

When the French finally lost the war, the Treaty of Paris (signed on February 10, 1763) gave Britain control of Canada and the French areas east of the MIssissippi River. Spain gave Florida to Britain, and received the former French areas west of the Mississippi River.

As a result of the war, the English colonists no longer needed the protection of the British against the French, and they became more independent from Britain. This war also resulted in higher taxes paid to Britain. These influences eventually led to the American Revolution.

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11. Make an inference…What does this picture mean?

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12. Why were colonists mad about the stamp act?

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13. Why do you think that Britain wanted to tax the Colonists?

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14. When was the Stamp Act passed?

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15. Name 3 things that were taxed by the British government.

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The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament

on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all

American colonists and required them to pay a tax

on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's

papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other

publications, and even playing cards were taxed. The

money collected by the Stamp Act was to be used to

help pay the costs of defending and protecting the

American frontier near the Appalachian Mountains

(10,000 troops were to be stationed on the American

frontier for this purpose).

The actual cost of the Stamp Act was relatively

small. What made the law so offensive to the

colonists was not so much its immediate cost but the

standard it seemed to set. In the past, taxes and

duties on colonial trade had always been viewed as

measures to regulate commerce, not to raise money.

The Stamp Act, however, was viewed as a direct

attempt by England to raise money in the colonies

without the approval of the colonial legislatures.

If this new tax were allowed to pass without

resistance, the colonists reasoned, the door would be

open for far more troublesome taxation in the future.

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16. Make an inference…What is happening in this picture?

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17. What did the Townshend Acts tax?

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18. Make a prediction, how do you think the colonists are going to react?

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19. When were the Townshend Acts passed?

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20. What happened to the New York Legislature under this law?

In the summer of 1766, King George III of England replaced

Prime Minister Rockingham with William Pitt. Pitt was popular

in the colonies. He opposed the Stamp Act and believed that

colonists were entitled to all the rights of English citizens.

Pitt suddenly became sick. Charles Townshend, Chancellor of

the Exchequer, took over the effective reins of the government.

Unlike his predecessor, Townshend was not concerned with the

subtleties of the rights of American colonists. Townshend

wanted to strengthen the power of the British parliament which

would simultaneously strengthen the power of royal officials.

He convinced the Parliament to pass a series of laws imposing

new taxes on the colonists. These laws included special taxes on

lead, paint, paper, glass and tea imported by colonists. In

addition, the New York legislature was suspended until it agreed

to quarter British soldiers.

The Acts also insured that colonial officials, including

governors and judges, would receive their salaries directly from

the Crown.

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2. Why do some people think Attucks resented the British being in Boston?

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3. How did John Adams, future president, describe Crispus Attucks?

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4. Describe Attucks behavior the night of March 5, 1770.

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5. Do you see Attucks as a hero? Why or why not?

Some called Crispus Attucks, a forty-seven-old mulatto, a "hero" and a "patriot"--"the first martyr of the American Revolution." Others, such as John Adams, lawyer for the British soldiers, saw Attucks as the rabble-rousing villain whose "mad behavior" as responsible for the carnage of March 5, 1770.

Attucks, believed to be the son of an African father and Natick Indian mother, was known around the lower docks 1770 as a hard man and a drifter. He resented the British presence in Boston. As a seaman on whaling voyages, he had worried about impressment into the British navy, while now as a part-time laborer he faced competition for work from British troops willing to do work during off-duty hours for lower wages.

On the evening of March 5, 1770, Attucks was in the front lines of a group of

thirty to sixty Americans--described by John Adams as "a motley rabble of

saucy boys, negroes and mullatoes, Irish teagues and outlandish jack tarrs"--

taunting private Hugh White, the sentry stationed in front of the Custom House

near King Street. After other British soldiers rushed to White's assistance, the

crowd continued to hurl insults, pieces of ice, and sticks. According to

eyewitness testimony, Attucks fanned the flames, calling the soldiers

"Lobsters!" and telling the crowd that the soldiers dared not fire. Then,

according to one witness, Attucks took hold of a bayonet" of one of the

soldiers, Hugh Montgomery, knocking him down with a club (or "cord stick")

in his other hand.

This testimony was disputed by another witness, James Bailey, who placed Attucks fifteen feet from Montgomery at the time he was struck

with a stick. The assault on Montgomery brought on a hail of fire from British muskets that left five Americans dead and a half-dozen

others injured. Attucks was the first to fall, stuck twice in the chest by bullets.

The British East India Company had controlled all tea trading

between India and the British colonies. As a result of the tea

tax, the colonies refused to buy the British tea. Instead, they

smuggled tea in from Holland. This left the British East India

Company with warehouses full of unsold tea, and the company

was in danger of going out of business.

The British government was determined to prevent the British

East India Company from going out of business. It was going

to force the colonists to buy their tea. In May 1773, Prime

Minister North and the British parliament passed the Tea Act.

The Tea Act allowed the British East India Company to sell tea

directly to the colonists, bypassing the colonial wholesale

merchants. This allowed the company to sell their tea cheaper

than the colonial merchants who were selling smuggled tea from Holland.

This act revived the colonial issue of taxation without

representation. The colonies once again demanded that the

British government remove the tax on tea. In addition, the

dockworkers began refusing to unload the tea from ships.

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7. Why were the Colonists mad at the British government?

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8. Why do you think that the British citizens were angry over the tax even though tea

was cheap?

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9. What group lead the Boston Tea Party?

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10. Make a prediction: How do you think that the British Government is going to respond

to the Boston Tea Party?

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The Governor of Massachusetts demanded that the tea be unloaded. He also demanded that the people pay the taxes and duty on tea. On the evening of

December 16, 1773, a group of men calling themselves the "Sons of Liberty" went to the Boston Harbor. The men were dressed as Mohawk Indians. They boarded three British ships, the Beaver, the Eleanor and the Dartmouth, and dumped forty-five tons of tea into the Boston Harbor.

The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts were names given

by the American colonists to a series of laws passed by the

British Parliament in 1774. The acts sparked outrage and

resistance in the colonies and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution.

Four of the five acts were issued in direct response to the

Boston Tea Party of December 1773; the British government

hoped these punitive measures would, by making an example

of Massachusetts, reverse the trend of colonial resistance to

parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1765 Stamp

Act. Many colonists viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of

their constitutional rights, and organized the First Continental

Congress to coordinate their response. The colonists were not happy with this law.

Great Britain hoped that the Intolerable Acts would isolate

radicals in Massachusetts and cause American colonists to

concede the authority of Parliament over their elected

assemblies. It was a calculated risk that backfired, however,

because the harshness of some of the acts made it difficult for

moderates in the colonies to speak in favor of Parliament. The

acts unintentionally promoted sympathy for Massachusetts and

encouraged colonists from the otherwise diverse colonies to

form the First Continental Congress.

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Observations: Please list a few things you see in this picture (be mature)

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11. What is happening in this picture?

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12. What were the Coercive Acts a response to?

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13. What did the British hope to gain from passing the Coercive Acts?

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14. What organization did the colonists form in response to the Coercive Acts?

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15. How many different Acts were there within the Coercive Acts?

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This British cartoon, depicting the Intolerable Acts as an assault upon a Native

American woman (a symbol of the American colonies), was copied and

distributed by Paul Revere throughout the colonies.

The committee of correspondence was a body organized by

the local governments of the American colonies for the

purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the

colony. These served an important role in the American

Revolution and the years leading up to it, the committee of

correspondence rallied opposition on common causes and

established plans for collective action, and so the group of

committees was the beginning of what later became a formal political union among the colonies.

As news during this period was typically spread in hand-

written letters to be carried by couriers on horseback or aboard

ships, the committees were responsible for ensuring that this

news accurately reflected the views of their parent

governmental body on a particular issue and was dispatched to

the proper groups. Many correspondents were also members of

the colonial legislative assemblies, and were active in the

secret Sons of Liberty organizations.

The earliest committees of correspondence were formed

temporarily to address a particular problem. Once a resolution

was achieved, they were disbanded. The first formal committee

was established in Boston, in 1764, to rally opposition to the

Currency Act and unpopular reforms imposed on the customs

service.

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16. Why did the Colonists create the Committees of Correspondence?

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17. What modern group or organization does the committee correlate to?

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18. When was the first committee created and what was it in response to?

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19. What organization was prominent in its creation?

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20. Why did the Colonists need the Committees of Correspondence?

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The Daughters of Liberty were a successful group that proved women's

involvement in politics could be beneficial for the country. As public support to

boycott British goods increased, "Daughters of Liberty" joined the support to

condemn British importation. The Daughters of Liberty used their traditional

skills to weave yarn and wool into fabric known as "homespun". They were

recognized as patriotic heroines for their success, which made America less

dependent on British Textiles. In the countryside, while Patriots supported the

non importation movements of 1765, and 1769, the daughters of liberty

continued to support American resistance. In many small towns and villages

women spun wool into homemade cloth. In 1774, the patriot women helped

influence a decision made by Continental Congress to boycott all British goods.

The decision to boycott British goods was due in large part to the patriot women

who were determined to reach demands for homemade clothing. Although it is

not often recognized, the groups of organizations formed by women were very

influential during the war. Decisions made to boycott of British goods would not

have been possible if the women had not created a substitute for the imported

material. The "Daughters of Liberty" were working from sun up to sun down to

prove their commitment to "the cause of liberty and industry". The daughters of

liberty were one of the many groups of women who fought for woman's equality

and supported the soldiers during the American Revolution. Abigail Adams was

best known for the letters she sent to her husband urging him to "Remember the

ladies" when he discussed the future of the country. She fought for women's

equality during the war, and accomplished many things during her life. .

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21. What is happening in this picture?

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22. What were the “Daughters of Liberty”?

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23. How did the daughters of liberty contribute to the freedom effort?

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24. What was Abigail Adams famous for doing?

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25. How important do you think the Daughters of Liberty were? Why do you think this?

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American Revolution PDNS