Renewable and Non-Renewable and Non-Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

Laws of ThermodynamicsLaws of Thermodynamics First Law: In any transformation of energy from First Law: In any transformation of energy from

one form to another, the total quantity of energy one form to another, the total quantity of energy remains unchanged. remains unchanged. ““Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it only Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it only

changes forms.changes forms.”” Second Law: In all energy changes, the desired Second Law: In all energy changes, the desired

output energy will be less than that of the input output energy will be less than that of the input energy energy –– (useful energy is always lost.) (useful energy is always lost.) ““LostLost”” energy is usually energy that has been energy is usually energy that has been

converted to heat, but it could be noise (kinetic converted to heat, but it could be noise (kinetic energy of air), or other forms of wasted energy.energy of air), or other forms of wasted energy.

EfficiencyEfficiency The efficiency of the conversion of a fuel The efficiency of the conversion of a fuel

into electricity is always less than 100%. into electricity is always less than 100%. This is true of all energy conversions including This is true of all energy conversions including

those not related to electricity.those not related to electricity.

Renewable vs Non-RenewableRenewable vs Non-Renewable SolarSolar WindWind BiomassBiomass HydroHydro OceanOcean GeothermalGeothermal

CoalCoal OilOil GasGas NuclearNuclear

Energy UsesEnergy Uses

Energy UsesEnergy Uses

Household Electricity Household Electricity

Regional Energy UseRegional Energy Use

Energy SourcesEnergy Sources

Energy Source TrendsEnergy Source Trends

Peak OilPeak Oil

Every Year an Average Coal Plant ReleasesEvery Year an Average Coal Plant Releases 3,700,000 tons of CO3,700,000 tons of CO22 10,000 tons of SO10,000 tons of SO22.. 500 tons of particulates500 tons of particulates 10,200 tons NOx10,200 tons NOx 720 tons of CO720 tons of CO 220 tons of volatile organic 220 tons of volatile organic

compounds (VOC)compounds (VOC) 170 pounds of mercury170 pounds of mercury 225 pounds of arsenic225 pounds of arsenic 114 pounds of lead114 pounds of lead

And there are over 600 of them in the US.And there are over 600 of them in the US.Source: Union of Concerned Scientists: www.ucsusa.orgSource: Union of Concerned Scientists: www.ucsusa.org

Types of PollutantsTypes of Pollutants COCO22 –– Global Warming Global Warming

COCO –– Health problem Health problem PMPM ––Respiratory and Respiratory and

heart disease, hazeheart disease, haze SOxSOx –– Acid Rain, Acid Rain,

respiratory illness, hazerespiratory illness, haze NOxNOx –– Ozone formation, Ozone formation,

acid rain, smog, nutrient acid rain, smog, nutrient loading, global warmingloading, global warming

MercuryMercury –– Neurotoxin Neurotoxin LeadLead –– Neurotoxin Neurotoxin ArsenicArsenic - Poison - Poison VOCsVOCs –– Numerous health Numerous health

problemsproblems OzoneOzone –– Health Health

problems, damage to problems, damage to flora & faunaflora & fauna

Hundreds of other toxic Hundreds of other toxic chemicalschemicals