Renovation of Golf Course

Golf Course Renovation Guide

© GolfArk – Jari Rasinkangas Golf Architecture 2/29

www.golf-ark.com

Contents

Foreword .................................................................................... 3

When to renovate? ....................................................................... 4

Planning Renovation ................................................................... 10

Master Plan ............................................................................... 12

Design Process .......................................................................... 14

Construction .............................................................................. 21

Conclusion ................................................................................ 29



Foreword

Have you had any complaints about the poor playability or bad playing condi-

tions on your golf course?

Do you feel a pressure to upgrade your golf course and facilities to remain

competitive in your marketplace?

The golf course is a living entity that changes and ages continuously. Time,

weather and heavy play leave their marks on every course. Bad design, in-

correct construction or wrong construction materials will definitely deteriorate

the turf.

On many regions the environmental regulations are creating more pressure

on course maintenance practices and budgets. Restrictions on the use of wa-

ter, fertilizers and fungicides make the work of superintendent more challeng-

ing every day.

During the last 20 years the longer balls and enhanced drivers have greatly

affected the playability of the courses by destroying the original playing strat-

egy and causing safety problems.

Read this guide! We will give you advice how to plan and implement your

renovation project. We will also describe why the Master Plan is the best so-

lution for your long term planning.

Oulu, the 27th of February 2013

Jari Rasinkangas

Golf Architect

GolfArk Oy



When to renovate?

Golf course renovation is not a uniform or an easy task. Every course

has its own problems that need to be fixed using different approach

and resources. But, in the end, the upgrading, renewal, remodelling

or modernizing of any existing course is inevitable and unavoidable.

When evaluating whether renovation is needed, it is important to calculate

realistic cost estimate for the whole construction. In addition to this you

should estimate how many new members new enhanced course will attract

and how much green fee and clubhouse sales can be increased. On the other

hand you must also evaluate how much your cash flow will be decreased dur-

ing construction to balance the calculations.

On some courses the renovation is no longer an option. It is an unavoidable

must. If you cannot get the greens in good condition with normal care any-

more or after heavy rain the course must be closed for several days you must

ask yourself how bad the conditions will be if nothing is done. How many

members you may lose? How many green fee rounds will be lost? Are you

faced with even higher repair costs in the long run?

Maintenance Problems

The typical golf course maintenance problems are:

Poor greens

Soil compaction

Drainage problems

Small tees and greens

Shade and roots of the trees

Irrigation system defects

Poor bunkers

With good maintenance practices it is possible to keep the golf

course in good shape for longer time but in the end the golf course

components will weaken so much that a renovation is needed. If

the original construction methods or materials were poor, the life

span will be even shorter.

The ASGCA (American Society of Golf Course Architects) has pub-

lished the following life spans for golf course components:

Greens 15 – 30 years

Tees 15 – 20 years

Bunker sand 5 – 7 years

Irrigation system 10 – 30 years

Irrigation guidance system 10 – 15 years Pumps 15 – 20 years



The turf on this tee looks thin even though it is large enough

to support the stress caused by the players. The grass grows

poorly because it is shaded by a thick wall of trees on both sides of the teeing ground.

Case: Tree problems

As beautiful the trees are they cause a variety of problems on golf courses.

Wrong type of trees in wrong places is disastrous for turf grass quality which

increases substantially the maintenance costs.

In shade the turf grows thin and the root growth is poor thus making the turf

exposed to wear and tear. E.g. bentgrass greens have 30 – 50 % less root

mass in shade compared to greens in direct sunlight.

As a rule of thumb turf grass needs at least eight hours of direct sunlight.

Greens and tees with high stress need it even more. The most important for

the turf is the morning sunlight that dries the morning dew and starts the

growth. The trees growing on golf courses will also develop shallow roots

that take a lot of turf grass water and nutrients.



Restoring Challenge

The challenging hazards are one of the most important features on the golf course that

make golf interesting. Unfortunately many older courses have lost part of the challenge

because of new enhanced equipment. Especially long hitters can too easily hit over the

fairway bunkers and other hazards.

When renovating the course the long hitters are usually challenged by building new back

tees further away but in case there is no space for that, new hazards need to be built fur-

ther away from the tees to restore the original challenge and strategy of the course.

On 9th hole in Kartanogolf the fairway bunkers that challenged the long hitters 20 years

ago are totally obsolete now.

Because there is no room for new back tee, two closest bunkers are filled and two new

ones are built.



Playability and Safety

Fair hazards make golf interesting but when trees start to block your views and line of

play or when blind shots are dangerous the game is not fun anymore. Golf is hard

enough without any frustrating obstacle that does not belong to the original design.

On Peurunkagolf short par 4 4th hole the trees blocked the view to the green. Long hit-

ters who played straight to the green could not see if the green was free or where the

ball finally ended. For the short hitters it was a different problem. They could not play

their second shot over the trees in the steep hillside thus making frustrating to be forced

to play around the trees.

We removed almost all trees and built new bunker to the hillside. Now you can clearly see to the green and short hitters are no longer punished too much.



Case: Kartanogolf 12th hole

On this par 5 there are two large trees growing

by the stream in front of the green. Year by year

the trees have slowly tilted more and are now a

big risk for players and maintenance staff.

Unfortunately there are many players who do not

want to remove the trees because especially the

pine “looks so nice”. Both trees will inevitably

fall because the erosion caused by the stream

eats the dirt around the roots continuously.

The trees also make the play more and more dif-

ficult because the gap between them gets all the

time narrower. This forces players to position

their ball at the same spot to be able to play over

the trees. Unfortunately this area gets too much

play causing turf wear and compaction.



reen keeping

Landscape

Golf course landscape changes all the time. Especially the tree growth changes the visu-

al look of the golf course. The esthetic problems usually arise when there was not

enough money for landscaping when the course was originally built or the green keeping

committee members have planted too many misplaced trees on the course.

The Peurunkagolf 16th hole has been visually one of the best par 3 holes in Finland. Dur-

ing the last 20 years trees around the hole have grown taller and wider thus shading the

tees and blocking the views to the lake. After tree removal the tees recovered quickly

and the original lake views were restored.



Planning Renovation

Planning renovation is not a specific solution. Each case is different.

Renovation can be subtle as soft facelift or as brutal as a total rebuild

of the course but it always needs a comprehensive planning.

The real challenge is to find the best solution to reach the goals with available

resources. The will and ambition of the course membership or owner strongly

influences the goals of the project.

It takes a careful mapping of the current situation to be able to evaluate the

project challenges and construction costs. The planning should be started at

least one year earlier before the construction to guarantee enough time to get

player feedback, produce construction documents and organize the construc-

tion project.

Renovation Team

All renovation projects should have a team of decision makers that represent

both the players and employees of the course. The members of the team

could be e.g. chairman of the board, managing director, superintendent,

green keeping committee, teaching pro and other committee representatives.

The main idea is to have people with different interests in the team in this

early planning phase.

The renovation process is though not easy to keep on track. The following list

describes the pitfalls that can lead the project in wrong direction:

Renovation team is too big

Team members are changed during the project

Some team members are too dominant

The team has not enough decision power

Key decision makers are not golfers

There is no clear goal for the project

The team does not communicate enough about the goals and pro-

gress of the project

When construction starts an efficient team of 3 – 5 members should be set up

to have the operational responsibility of the project. The ideal team should be

small to be able to do quick and flexible decisions if any problems should oc-

cur.

Renovation Goals

The current course conditions need to be carefully evaluated before any de-

tailed planning should occur. Unfortunately the problems are too often fixed

one by one without considering how they affect other course features. At

worst the original design character of the course is lost.



If the original plans of the course are still available, you should find out how

the course has changed during the years. The original design can be very

different compared to current situation or maybe the original intentions of the

architect have never been realized. This is why you must decide whether the

original character will be restored or do you want the whole course to be re-

modeled into new direction when defining the final renovation strategy.

If the main goal is to have better playing conditions the first priority could be

to enhance drainage, remove trees and rebuild some greens. On the other

hand if the main goal is to have better playability and playing strategy the

priority issues would be to add new tees and move some bunkers.

The renovation team should have a clear goal that has been decided together.

The team has to find out why the renovation is done: do we want better play-

ing conditions, upgrade the course or organize big competitions. Unfortunate-

ly it is too common that the courses are renovated without a clear strategy in

mind.

Funding Renovation

The earlier you are prepared for the renovation, the easier it is to organize the

funding. On many courses the more extensive renovation is usually needed

about 20 years after construction. This is why you could start saving money

in advance in renovation fund few years before that.

Renovation is usually funded using both internal and external financing.

Smaller repairs can be funded using yearly income financing but large pro-

jects need usually external financing. When construction starts additional

yearly member payments can be collected or take low-interest loan from

players.

Internal financing possibilities are:

Yearly income financing

Renovation fund

Additional yearly member payments

Player loans

Selling land

Using own work force in construction



Master Plan

Golf course renovation without any comprehensive plan is very short-

sighted. Redesigning some greens, bunkers or tees are only a part of

the whole planning process. Doing any degree of remodelling needs

considerable thought, design and construction method input. The

goal should be to have a long-term plan for the whole golf course, a

Master Plan.

Without a comprehensive plan the repairs and changes on the course will re-

main just as occasional fixes without any bigger picture. The worst-case sce-

nario would be tearing up the same parts of the course again that were fixed

already earlier. Unfortunately it is quite common that just recently installed

new cart paths or new irrigation system doesn’t work well with the other new

improvements. To provide a commonly agreed strategy for the renovation of

the whole golf course, a Master Plan should be used.

Helping Decision Makers

Master Plan gives concrete and realistic information for decision makers. By

stepping back and taking a look at the bigger picture, the Master Plan process

often allows the club to avoid costly mistakes and to save money by phasing

the project in a more logical sequence.

The players often find it difficult to perceive how the possible changes will

affect the course conditions. By looking at renovation plans of other golf

courses the players may get different ideas about what needs to be done on

their own course. The architect on the other hand tries to create a long term

renovation plan that is best for current course conditions and available re-

sources. This is why the plan may be totally different compared with the plan

designed for the course next door.

The cost of the Master Plan is a small investment compared with nearly any of

the physical work done to a golf course and it will last for many years. In the

end the architect saves the time and resources of the decision makers and

money that is spent without a Master Plan.

The Role of the Golf Course Architect

It takes an objective insight and knowledge about golf course design and con-

struction to make a Master Plan. It is quite rare that there is a qualified per-

son for the job in course management or among the club members. This is

why a golf course architect should be hired to do the job.

The architect brings his objective and outsider visions how to solve the course

problems. The board and committee members will notice the most important

pain in play and maintenance but the architect notices often new details and

different options how to solve the problems.



Golf course renovation is often more challenging project than new course de-

sign for the architect. In addition to designer’s role he has to deal with differ-

ent opinions and objections when assisting board members in design, market-

ing and construction. That is why the architect needs the skill of communica-

tor, politics, negotiator or referee to help client to fulfill the project.

The architect’s tasks in the renovation process:

Consulting with course superintendents, green keeping

committees, management and owners on priorities and

the on-going aging and improvement of their golf course

Preparing master plan for the golf course, including the

factors of strategy, playability, maintenance, turf grass

improvement, drainage, irrigation, and aesthetics

Preparation of cost estimates

Assistance in the approval of the renovation by making

visual presentations to promote the plan

Preparing construction documents

Observation of construction progress and compliance with specifications and plans

Re-construction of 12th green in Tawast Golf.



Design Process

Master Plan is not a static plan. It should be thought as a process

where the architect talks with the renovation team and assists them

during planning and construction.

Needs Analysis and Site Inspection

The architect will meet the client and gather all needs and ideas to have a

mutual understanding about the goals and available resources. The client

provides valuable information about the history of the course and the local

conditions. The architect will provide his own experience and ideas with cli-

ent’s thoughts to have a common understanding about the project objectives.

The site inspection is usually started with surveying an aerial photograph and

a topographic map of the golf course. Through a series of site visits and

meetings, the strengths and weaknesses of each hole are photographed,

summarized and mapped.

The items to be evaluated on a site inspection are:

Tees - Tees may need to be rebuilt or new ones added

Fairways - Major grade work may be required to improve

drainage, eliminate blind spots or to soften severe terrain

Greens - The size, shape, soil structure and cupping areas

of each green will be evaluated

Bunkers - Bunker evaluation includes placement, strategy,

playability, the quality of sand and drainage

Water hazards – Visual impact, water quality and irrigation

sources are evaluated

Trees - A long-range tree planting, pruning and removal

schedule will be created

Irrigation system – New sprinklers may be added or old

ones replaced by new more efficient ones

Drainage – New drainage pipes or reshaping of contours

may be needed

Practice areas – Driving range may need more length, bet-

ter quality turf or artificial turf installations. Better short

game practice areas can be added.

Clubhouse – New club house or restoration may be needed.

More parking spaces could be added.

Other buildings – The need for new maintenance or other

buildings will be examined

Roads and paths – The need for road and path improve-

ments will be examined.



Current State Analysis

Based on the needs analysis and site inspection the architect will provide a

general description about the current state of the golf course. Additionally the

strengths and weaknesses of each hole are described separately in detail.

For each hole the following issues are evaluated:

Challenge and playing strategy

Hazards

Speed of play

Safety

Maintenance issues

Aesthetics

Master Plan -drawing

The proposed improvements

can be visualized on top of the

current course map.



Before – After pictures

One of the best ways to visualise the proposed enhancements is to have two pictures

side by side to show both the current situation and the new proposed ideas.

On the 6th hole in Peurunkagolf trees along the lake shore line blocked the lake views and

made playing the hole very tight. According to the original plan only the tall pines by the

green site were supposed to be left there. Small plants were left by the shore line and

when slowly growing during last 20 years the players did not notice how the views were

fading and the play was getting more difficult.

With picture manipulation it was shown how the hole will be enhanced after tree removal.



Visualizing

Master Plan helps to market the renovation ideas. It visualizes the problems and justifies

the solutions for the members.

In Peurunkagolf an extensive tree removal was needed. Trees shaded greens and tees

and hid the great lake views. On some holes the trees were getting taller and wider thus

blocking the line of play.

After studying the original plan of the course it was discovered that only part of the tree

plantings had been done according to the plan. Some plantings were not done at all and

some were planted in wrong places. In addition to this some original trees that should

have been cut were not removed thus making the holes too tight.

Even though the planned tree removal was clearly justified, many players opposed it

strongly. Fortunately the before – after pictures convinced the members to support it.

The trees were removed in late autumn and the results were evident next spring when

the course was opened for play. Restored open lake views made players feel like playing

on a different golf course! Having more sunlight on greens and tees made the turf condi-

tions substantially better. Also enhanced playability brought very positive feedback.

But where is the green? Having this view from 150 m towards the green frustrates the player. After 20 years the planted trees block totally the view and the line of play.



Cost Estimate and Project Scheduling

When preliminary Master Plan is ready cost estimate needs to be calculated to

be able to evaluate the magnitude of the whole project. If the estimate is

bigger than it was earlier anticipated, the plan can be sent back to the “draw-

ing board” or the low priority tasks can be dropped.

There are more variables in renovation cost estimation that make it more

complex compared to new golf course construction. For example the contrac-

tor’s unit costs are higher because tasks are usually smaller. Also project

scheduling is more difficult because usually work is done during short periods.

In addition to this in the yearly inflation needs to be evaluated.

When cost estimate is ready the tasks can be prioritized and different scenari-

os can be done for construction phasing. When scheduling the project the

total budget and yearly funding defines how much each year can be done. In

addition to this how much the work restricts playing the course is an im-

portant issue when defining the final scheduling.

Communication

Be prepared to communicate the project goals and milestones to get the pro-

ject approved. Every renovation project is confronted by the members so you

need to be prepared for any objections. Master Plan needs to be visualized

and justified to be able to assure the players about the benefits.

To communicate the plans you can use e.g. general member infos, golf course

website or communicate in smaller groups (e.g. seniors, women, commit-

tees). You can also use independent expert testimonials and show the prob-

lems in practice on the course.

Adding subsurface drainage in Peurunkagolf



Case: Oulu Golf Irrigation System

The biggest task was the renewal of the whole irrigation

system. Because the cost estimate was high we had to

show a thorough explanation about the old system prob-

lems and the benefits of the new system.

In Oulu area there is a common phenomenon to have sul-

fate layers in soil. When these sulfates oxidized into sul-

fur acid they corroded the pipe joints and irrigation ca-

bles. At worst when joints of the big pipes broke down

the high pressure water caused dangerous situations. In

addition to this old sprinklers and one row fairway irriga-

tion was too slow and inefficient.

After discussion with superintendent we finally decided to

propose replacing the whole system because replacing

only the joints would still leave us with several other

problems. New two row system and more efficient

sprinklers will reduce energy and water consumption by

25 – 30 %. The life expectance will be substantially

higher compared with the old system because steel has

been replaced by plastic in new joints and new irrigation

cables are more durable.



Project Approval

One of the biggest mistakes is to bring the renovation plan and strategy in

front of the members too late. There is a big risk that the whole project will

not be approved or it will be delayed.

Strong opinions always arise when renovation plans are revealed. Rational

discussion easily changes to emotional argument. Some members are satis-

fied with current situation and do not understand why anyone would like to

change their home course and some protest the high costs.

Transparent and communicative process decreases uncertainty and resistance

among the players. When proposed enhancements are thoroughly explained

it is much easier to get approval for the project.

If there is a need for approval of an extensive renovation project, one strate-

gy could be to repair a certain hole or area as a whole in the first phase as an

example. The disturbance of play is restricted to a small area and the players

can see the new dramatically improved conditions in its entirety rather than

just seeing smaller individual projects that might go somewhat unnoticed.

Just by removing bushes and small trees the lake views

were opened behind the green on 5th hole in Peurunkagolf.



Construction

Golf course renovation is often more difficult and slower than new

course construction because you cannot start from scratch. You have

to be careful not to destroy other parts of the course and you have to

fit the new parts with the old course seamlessly. Renovation has also

risks and surprises that can delay the project schedule or ruin your

cost estimate.

Phasing Construction

Renovation project must always be phased according to resources, player

opinions and time of year. There is no rule of thumb whether the course

should be closed and build quickly or build in smaller proportions during long-

er time frame.

Closing the whole course at the same time is a big risk that is usually selected

when new enhanced conditions are wanted quickly thus preventing having

several years of disturbance in play. The weaknesses in this option are more

difficult funding and losing a substantial amount of cash flow for a couple of

years.

Instead of closing all 18 holes a more popular option is to fix first 9 holes and

when those holes can be opened for play the renovation can continue to the

next 9 holes. This way the players can still play on the course and the unit

costs of construction can be kept fairly low.

The less yearly funding there is available or the disturbance of play must be

kept low the longer the construction schedule will be. Unfortunately long

schedule will increase the total costs and there is always the risk having prob-

lems in construction and material quality and the course could risk having a

reputation being always under construction. There is also a risk that the mo-

tivation for renovation will fade down, the direction of goals will change or

contractor will change. During long projects also some of the decision makers

could be replaced.

By dividing work for several years it is easier to get funding and when having

the work in late autumn the yearly cash flow will not decrease much either.

Players will also tolerate the disturbance if only a couple of greens or some

tees are in construction at the same time.

Construction Team

You need good communication between construction team members to have a

successful renovation project. Well-coordinated and systematic construction

method saves time and money. In each successful project the golf architect,

project lead, superintendent and contractor are all equally important who

need to work seamlessly together. If you remove one or more out of the

equation, you will risk having a successful project.



Without architect’s design and construction experience the resource usage

could be inefficient and the course playability and design integrity could be

compromised. The project lead should actively supervise the project so that

there would not occur cost or schedule overruns. If there would be any prob-

lems, the project lead can quickly respond and decide how to proceed. Using

inexperienced contractor could be very expensive in golf construction. Wrong

construction methods can make the situation even worse than it was before

renovation. Of course superintendent is responsible to supervise the work but

if there are also daily maintenance responsibilities mistakes can occur.

Preparing Construction

It is advisable to restrict the work on a certain area during one growing sea-

son. Otherwise there is a risk that construction machines could unnecessarily

destroy some parts of the course. Also the patience of the players is on trial

if on the same hole tees are repaired first and then next year the fairway

bunkers and the greens after that.

When considering the starting date for construction you first need to select

the last possible seeding date to ensure having the renovated areas in good

condition as soon as possible next year. Next you have to calculate how

many days the construction will take and add 20 % allowance for any unpre-

dictable surprises. Now you have the latest date when construction must be

started. If any additional structures e.g. temporary greens or tees are need-

ed, you have to start preparing them early enough to have them in use when

construction starts.

When preparing the work you also need to plan how much you can use your

own work force and what construction equipment and materials are needed?

You also need to decide how much of the work need to be outsourced to out-

side contractor. Evaluate realistically the whole work load and quality re-

quirements. Can you use your in-house maintenance workers or do you need

additional work force. All mentioned above should be planned 4 – 6 months

before the work starts.



In Oulu Golf renovation the work was mainly done in-house using superintendent as pro-

ject manager and a group of four men to install the new irrigation system. The greens,

bunkers and tees were built using professional golf course shaping contractors. Seeding

and other finalizing work was done using own maintenance staff.



Technical Design

The architect will create the technical drawings and specifications to ensure

efficient construction. For irrigation and drainage design additional designers

may be needed.

Case: Oulu Golf 12th hole

Old green was small and in bad

condition. The surface water run

only towards one direction in front

of the green and the quality of the

root zone mix was deteriorated. It

was also very difficult for the short

hitters to hold the ball on green.

New bigger green has more flag

positions and interesting contours

and the surface water is directed

to three different directions. The

alignment of the green is also

changed so that you can hold the

green even with a fairway wood.



Risks

Unfortunately renovation does not always go smoothly. Heavy machines can

destroy course structures or when digging the ground you may find unpre-

dictable and costly surprises that need more extensive repairs.

If the tasks are small and they are fixed sparsely, it may not be possible to

have an experienced contractor to work. In addition to this if the schedule is

delayed the contractor may leave the project unexpectedly.

When planning renovation you must remember that the players do not want

to have any part of the course under construction during the active playing

season. They do not want temporary greens, noise, dust or other inconven-

iences on the course. That is why work is usually done in autumn when you

risk having long rainy periods stopping construction. When approaching win-

ter there is also a risk you have to hurry the work or you may have to post-

pone the work until next spring thus losing your course opening schedule.

When working in autumn it is also more difficult to have experienced extra

labor and in the same time you need workers doing your mandatory end sea-

son course maintenance work.

When having in-house project there is a risk having not enough experienced

workers or suitable equipment and not all superintendents have enough golf

construction expertise.



Organizing Construction

There are many ways how construction may be achieved, from a fully in-

house effort, to a situation where different parts of construction are contract-

ed out or having all work outsourced.

The project organization for renovation can vary a lot depending on:

Size of the project

In-house skills and resources

Available financial resources

Available professional contractors

In-house Project

If there are relatively few tasks, the project can be done as an in-

house project having the superintendent in charge.

Pros

The end result and costs are in own hands

When having problems it is easier to react and change tasks

or schedule

The disturbance of the play can be reduced because the

club’s own crew knows the course well

Usually the most inexpensive way to build

Cons

Own crew may not have enough construction skills

You may burden course maintenance too much

Lack of own construction equipment

It takes a lot of experience to control the costs



In cmplexe

In-house project with contractors

This is clearly the most common construction method because reno-

vation usually needs at least some work to be done by an outside

contractor. In this case the superintendent is usually in charge hav-

ing contractors working on hourly basis or subcontracting smaller

tasks. In complex projects it is better to hire an experienced pro-

ject manager.

Pros

The end result and costs are in own hands

It is a flexible way to work, it is easy to stop the work e.g.

because of bad weather

Biggest choice of labour

Cons

It takes more effort and experience in project management

You may burden course maintenance too much

The contractors charge all working days which can lead to in-

efficient use of resources

It takes a lot of experience to control the costs

Outsourced contract

Having an outside contractor in charge is usually used when the

course is put under total re-design or there is no course construc-

tion knowledge in-house.

Pros

If the contractor has good references, the quality of the re-

sults can be anticipated in advance

Own maintenance resources are not needed

The final costs are known in advance

Cons

Usually the most expensive construction method

It can be difficult to find professional contractor for small

projects

It can be difficult to find a suitable schedule for both the cli-

ent and the contractor

The contractor may want to use own working methods



Renovation in a nut shell

1. Create renovation team

2. Analyze the needs and change proposals

3. Set project goals

4. Select designer

5. Architect’s master planning

6. Define renovation strategy

7. Plan funding

8. Get approval for the project

9. Architect’s technical design

10. Organize and phase construction

11. Start construction

Remember proactive communication

in all project phases!



Conclusion

Golf course is an investment worth of millions of Euros. The best way to se-

cure your money is to be prepared and plan well in advance the inevitable

course renovation.

The current situation and future goals are different on every golf course. The

age of the course, local conditions, the level of maintenance and available

resources determine what needs to be done. That is why you have to set a

clear goal and financial framework for the project to be able to use your re-

sources as efficiently as possible.

The architect’s Master Plan will visualize and concretize the different optional

enhancements. It helps to define the final renovation strategy, funding and

scheduling for the project.

www.golf-ark.com

http://www.golf-ark.com/

Documents

Renovation of Golf Course