14
What is the definition of culture in Filipino Rice culture? The Filipino Rice culture is the importance of rice in the filipino rice culture. It is so important to Filipinos that they have created very abstract proverbs. Some of them are, “Cold rice given wholeheartedly is better than newly cooked rice,” and “Without rice, you haven’t eaten”. I honestly didn’t know about this and I think that this very ridiculous and funny. Even with all of these silly proverbs, it’s true that most Filipinos dishes are served with rice. This is proven by food businesses like Chicboy. They used a marketing strategy of offering unlimited rice, which was a big hit among Filipinos. Also, what culture means to me to a belief or a way to think that influences the you act and how others are affected by it. Filipinos shows the importance of rice in Filipino Culture in the San Isidro Pahiyas Festival located in the Quezon province. This festival is in the honor of San Isidro Pahiyas, who is a patron saint of farmer. Filipinos will show their appreciation to him by decorating their homes with “kipings”. Kipings are colorful, attractive decors which is made out of ground rice flour and is shaped using cabal leaves (or any other leaves in fact). Kipings are dyed the colors yellow, red, or green with food coloring and are stringed together to show the owner’s creativity. Their creativity is tested in a annual competition for the most creative and attractive decor. The winners up this competition have their creations thrown to a huge crowd as free treats..Kipings aren’t just for decoration,

REPORT- Filipino Rice - Google Docs · Development Studies, they state that harvesting rice was a religious ritual for the Igorot people, an Austronesian ethnic group that lives in

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

What  is  the  definition  of  culture  in  Filipino  Rice  culture?    The  Filipino  Rice  culture  

is  the  importance  of  rice  in  the  filipino  rice  culture.  It  is  so  important  to  Filipinos  that  they  

have  created  very  abstract  proverbs.  Some  of  them  are,  “  Cold  rice  given  wholeheartedly  

is  better  than  newly  cooked  rice,  ”  and  “  Without  rice,  you  haven’t  eaten  ”.  I  honestly  didn’t  

know  about  this  and  I  think  that  this  very  ridiculous  and  funny.  Even  with  all  of  these  silly  

proverbs,  it’s  true  that  most  Filipinos  dishes  are  served  with  

rice.  This  is  proven  by  food  businesses  like  Chicboy.  They  

used  a  marketing  strategy  of  offering  unlimited  rice,  which  

was  a  big  hit  among  Filipinos.  Also,  what  culture  means  to  

me  to  a  belief  or  a  way  to  think  that  influences  the  you  act  and  how  others  are  affected  

by  it.  

Filipinos  shows  the  importance  of  rice  in  Filipino  Culture  in  the  San  Isidro  

Pahiyas  Festival  located  in  the  Quezon  province.  This  festival  is  in  the  honor  of  San  

Isidro  Pahiyas,  who  is  a  patron  saint  of  farmer.  Filipinos  will  show  their  appreciation  to  

him  by  decorating  their  homes  with  “kipings”.  Kipings  are  colorful,  attractive  decors  

which  is  made  out  of  ground  rice  flour  and  is  shaped  using  cabal  leaves  (or  any  other  

leaves  in  fact).  Kipings  are  dyed  the  colors  yellow,  red,  or  green  with  food  coloring  and  

are  stringed  together  to  show  the  owner’s  creativity.  

Their  creativity  is  tested  in  a  annual  competition  for  the  

most  creative  and  attractive  decor.  The  winners  up  this  

competition  have  their  creations  thrown  to  a  huge  

crowd  as  free  treats..Kipings  aren’t  just  for  decoration,  

but  are  edible  and  are  served  to  guests  of  homeowners  as  a  delicacy.  Filipinos  believe  

that  people  with  these  “kipings”  on  their  house  are  blessed  by  San  Isidro  in  the  day  of  

the  festival.  I  think  that  Kipings  are  a  good  representation  of  the  Filipino  Rice  culture  

because  they  have  a  good  balance  of  everything.  What  I  mean  by  everything  is  that  

they  are  a  rice  dish,  and  they  a  good  way  to  represent  the  design  portion  of  the  Filipino  

Rice  culture.    

Rice  in  the  Philippines  has  been  deeply  “ingrained”  in  Filipino  culture  that  most  

Filipinos  can’t  imagine  a  meal  that  doesn’t  include  at  least  a  small  amount  of  rice.  Rice  

is  a  staple  food  in  the  Philippines,  being  picked  up  instead  of  noodles  or  bread,  and  it  

has  many  historical  and  cultural  importance.  It  was  found  that  “while  rice  consumption  

has  declined  in  the  region,  per  capita  consumption  in  the  Philippines  rose.”  from  the  

study  that  was  launched  by  the  Philippine  Rice  Research  Institute  (quoted  from  the  

PEPPER  article).  Currently,  the  Philippines  is  the  one  of  the  largest  rice  importer  in  the  

world,  under  China  and  Nigeria.  Now,  I’m  going  to  talk  about  the  brief  history  of  the  

Filipino  Rice  Culture.  

Rice  arrived  at  the  Philippines  when  the  Indo-­Malaysia,  Chinese,  and  

Vietnamese  started  migrating  in.  Rice  cultivation  started    2  thousand  of  years  ago,  and  

this  is  proven  by  the  rice  terraces  in  Banaue,  or  

the  unofficial  name  created  by  many  filipinos,  

the  8th  Natural  wonder.  The  Banaue  rice  

terraces  are  located  in  the  Banaue  mountains  of  

the  Ifugao  province,  which  is  located  in  the  main  

island  of  Luzon,  and  are  most  likely  built  by  hand.  These  rice  terraces  had  a  soaring  

height  of  three  thousand  meters  high  and  it  covers  an  area  of  twenty-­three  thousand  

square  kilometers.  These  terraces  are  found  to  be  about  three  thousand  years  old  and  

it’s  purpose  was  to  just  cultivate  rice.  These  rice  terraces  are  still  used  for  farming  rice  

and  is  a  great  attraction  for  tourists.  

According  to  Filomeno  V.  Aguilar’s  2008  paper  from  the  Philippine  Institute  for  

Development  Studies,  they  state  that  harvesting  rice  was  a  religious  ritual  for  the  Igorot  

people,  an  Austronesian  ethnic  group  that  lives  in  

the  Luzon  mountains.  At  this  time,  rice  wasn’t  a  

staple  food,  because  rice  was  a  thought  of  a  

“prestige  food”.  The  staples  foods    were  taro,  

yam,  and  millet.  Rice  was  only  served  at  a  festival  

occasion  because  it  was  needed  to  complete  a  spiritual  ritual.  Rice  was  thought  to  be  

used  by  used  as  tribute,  only  being  given  to  the  elite  members  or  the  chief.  Rice  was  a  

“marker  of  social,  ecological,  and  geographic  differentiation.”  (quoted  from  Aguilar  from  

his  studies).  Rice  is  a  symbol  of  a  social  structure  and  was  highly  and  valued  craved  for  

by  all.  

The  Igorot  people  also  had  stories  that  are  passed  down  from  generation  to  

generation.  One  of  these  stories  are    “The  Igorot  tribals  of  the  Philippines  tell  the  story  

of  an  honest  and  hard-­working  family  who  during  a  famine  could  find  nothing  to  eat  but  

a  few  strange  white  grains.  God  appeared  and  taking  the  grains  put  them  in  a  pot  of  

water  on  the  fire.  It  boiled  and  filled  the  vessel  with  white  grains.  This  was  rice.”  (quoted  

from  the  book,    The  Story  of  Rice    by  Ramesh  Dutt  Sharma,  pg.11-­12  )  This  shows  that  

rice  is  not  just  food.  Rice  is  a  BLESSING  of  god,  which  is  showed  in  other  cultures,  like  

the  Japanese  culture.  

The  Spanish  soon  arrived  at  the  Philippines,  rice  was  still  a  very  craved  for  food.  

The  Spanish  introduced  new  agricultural  technology  that  helped  in  the  production  of  

rice.  They  introduced  the  plow,  usage  of  large  water  reservoirs,  dams,  and  the  usage  of  

marshlands  as  farmable  land.  Surplus  rice  was  given  as  tribute,  and  sometimes  as  

payment  for  rent.  Since  agricultural  methods  for  rice  helped  with  rice  production  so  

mush,  it  was  no  longer  a  seasonal  offering.  It  helped  so  much  that  there  was  enough  to  

feed  the  entire  village!  In  1830  -­  1870,  

the  surpluses  of  rice  in  the  city  of  Luzon  

was  exporting  to  other  places.  

Over  the  years,  the  Spaniards,  or  

people  who  are  native  to  spain,  was  

lead  towards  other  cultivated  crops.  

This  meant  less  farmland  for  rice.  Rice  started  to  fall  because  the  agricultural  

technology  wasn’t  enough  to  keep  up  to  the  growing  population,  and  of  the  infestation  

and  calamities  that  slowed  down  the  production  of  rice.  This  resulted  in  the  rise  of  

importing  rice  from  other  places/nations  which  started  in  1870  and  continued  on  today.  

This  could  be  a  tactic  made  by  the  capital  to  keep  their  colonial  power  and  give  less  

power  to  the  local  who  were  growing  all  of  the  rice.  During  the  times  of  poverty,  like  in  

World  War  II,  locals  returned  to  taro,  yam,  and  millet,  but  they  never  really  liked  it.  They  

no  longer  believe  that  they  were  “real  foods”  unlike  rice,  showing  rice  is  really  significant  

to  them.  But  in  1947  started  turning  rice  around  again,  24,000  deaths  occurred  from  the  

beri  beri  disease  in  the  Philippines.  The  beri  beri  disease  is  caused  by  the  lack  of  

vitamin  B1.  Some  symptoms  are  heart  failure,  loss  of  muscle  strength,  and  eventually  

muscle  paralysis.  How  rice  helped  people  fight  the  beri  beri  disease  is  the  improves  

nutrients  in  it.  This  was  effective  enough  that  after  21  months,  the  beri  beri  disease  

disappeared.  

The  1960s  was  another  turning  point  for  rice  history.  University  of  the  Philippines  

Los  Banos  created  a  plant  that  was  made  possible  because  of  selective  breeding.  This  

revolutionary  plant  was  called  IR8,  or  it’s  nickname  “miracle  rice”.  The  plant  rice  IR8  

produced  higher  amounts  of  rice,  compared  to  traditional  cultivars,  or  plant  made  by  

selective  breeding  for  cultivation.  IR8  had  

a  strong  stalk  that  didn’t  break  in  winds  

and  it  was  more  efficient  in  turning  

converting  nutrients  into  grains.  IR8  was  

so  successful  that  they  even  transported  

to  it  India  is  help  fight  the  famine,  or  the  

shortage  of  food,  that  was  happening  at  the  time.  This  plant  increased  rice  production  in  

the  Philippines  from  3.7  million  tonnes  to  7.7  million  tonnes  in  nearly  two  decades.  

Though  IR8  had  many  benefits,  there  is  a  flip  side  to  it.  IR8  needed  heavy  usage  of  

pesticide,  which  in  turn  killed  many  population  of  frogs  and  fish  by  the  1970s.  Another  

variable  that  help  the  rebirth  of  rice  was  the  increasing  upgrades  to  Philippines  

irrigation.  This  inspired  more  agricultural  productivity  and  farming.  

The  success  of  the  1960s  quickly  dropped  in  the  1980s.  During  the  1980s,  the  

Philippines  was  hit  with  droughts  and  more  economical  problems,  slowing  down  the  

production  of  rice  again.  This  downfall  of  rice  productivity  in  the  Philippines  caused  rice  

to  be  imported  to  the  Philippines  once  more.  A  serious  drought  in  the  1990s  caused  the  

philippines  to  import  about  400,00  tonnes  of  rice.  From  here,  the  amount  of  rice  

imported  to  the  Philippines  only  grow  more  and  more  because  of  the  rising  population  of  

people.  This  grew  so  much  that  the  Philippines  apparently  was  the  top  rice  importer  of  

rice  in  the  world  in  2010.  Currently,  the  Philippines  is  the  third  largest  rice  importer  in  the  

world  with  1,800,000  million  tonnes  of  rice,  behind  Nigeria  (2nd)  with  3,000,000  million  

tonnes  and  China  (1st)  with  4,700,000  million  tonnes.  

My  influence  on  the  Filipino  Rice  Culture  is  my  mother.  Her  name  is  Cecil  

Geronimo  Cayanan.  My  Mom,  like  any  other  filipino  or  asian  mom,  gave  me  rice  ever  

since  I  started  eating  food.  She  gave  rice  dishes  like  adobo,  corn  beef,  fried  chicken  

(served  with  rice  of  course),  porridge,  and  sinigang.  As  I  grew  up,  I  continued  to  eat  

these  dishes,  as  well  as  some  weird  ones  like  Champorado,  which  is  Chocolate  Rice  

Pudding.  This  basically  happens  to  every  generation  our  Filipino  family  line,  from  my  

parents  to  my  grandparents  to  their  parents.  

My  Mom  came  the  America  in  1992  from  the  Philippines.  When  she  came  to  

America,  she  started  cooking  rice  dishes  at  the  age  of  13  years  old,  cooking  dishes  like  

porridge.  She  wasn’t  the  best  at  cooking  the  actually  rice  in  a  pot,  burning  the  rice  all  the  

time,  but  in  terms  of  cooking  the  actual  dish,  it  was  great.  As  she  grew  older,  she  

learned  many  rice  dish  recipes  from  family  and  cook  book,  since  the  internet  didn’t  exist  

or  wasn’t  recognizable  at  the  time.    

My  Mom  inspires  me  because  she  basically  is  the  one  who  gave  me  rice  in  the  

first  place.  She  made  many  rice  dishes  that  I  enjoy  and  tastes  amazing.  She  isn’t  the  

best  chef  in  the  world,  but  is  certainly  a  good  one.  I  learned  somethings  from  my  Mom’s  

story.  Some  of  these  things  are  that  who  much  rice  I  eat  in  a  daily  basis.  I  have  never  

really  realized  how  often  I  ate  rice  for  lunch  and  dinner,  but  when  I  asked  my  Mom  

about  Filipino  rice  culture  and  her  story  with  rice,  I  started  thinking  more  about  rice.  

Another  thing  that  I  learn  from  her  story  is  that  how  important  rice  is  for  Filipinos,  or  

Asians  in  general.  I  always  knew  how  Filipinos  had  good  rice  dishes,  but  I  never  knew  

how  much  we  actually  act.  Also,  I  learned  and  ate  many  fantastic  filipino  rice  dishes  that  

she  made,  which  makes  me  think  more  about  the  filipino  culture  in  general.  I  will  

incorporate  what  I  learned  from  them  into  my  style  by  looking  at  the  rice  dishes  that  she  

made  and  modify  them  accordingly,  either  by  adding  on  to  them,  changing  them,  or  fuse  

them  with  other  foods/cultures.    

Now  I’m  going  to  present  about  my  three  recipes.  My  first  recipe  is  a  simple  

Chocolate  Rice  pudding,  or  Champorado  in  the  Philippines.  Champorado  originally  

came  from  Mexico,  and  their  connection  is  through  in  from  the  Spanish  colonies.  The  

cocoa  trees  grown  in  the  

Philippines  came  from  Mexico.  

During  the  Galleon  trade,  the  

trade  between  Mexico  and  the  

Philippines,  Mexicans  gave  

Filipinos  their  Mexican  recipes,  like  our  one  and  only  Champorado.  Filipinos  also  

received  many  fruits  and  plants  from  them  like  avocadoes,  pineapples,  and  cashews.  

Since  the  Spanish  came  to  the  Philippines  and  gave  the  Philippines  some  of  their  ideas,  

I  got  the  idea  that  I  should  base  all  of  my  dishes  off  of  Mexican  foods.  

The  ingredients  you  need  for  Champorado  are  2  cups  of  water,  half  a  cup  of  rice,  

Nesquik,  3  tablespoons  of  sugar,  milk,  and  chocolate  bar.  First  you  get  your  pot  and  put  

it  on  the  stove.  Set  this  stove  to  high.  You  then  get  your  two  cups  of  water  and  half  a  

cup  of  rice  and  pour  them  in  the  pot,  but  make  sure  you’re  constantly  mixing  it  to  make  

the  rice  more  soupy.  When  it  starts  to  boil,  set  the  heat  to  medium  and  you’re  ready  with  

the  next  step.  You  should  start  to  pour  in  the  Nesquik,  and  the  amount  of  Nesquik  

depends  on  how  chocolatey  you  want  your  dish  to  be,  After  this,  stir  the  mixture  so  the  

Nesquik  can  dissolve  into  the  water  and  rice.  Then  you  should  be  ready  to  pour  the  

three  tablespoons  of  sugar  into  the  mixture,  putting  the  heat  to  low  right  after.  You  

should  be  constantly  mixing  it  

so  you  dissolve  the  sugar  and  

so  the  rice  will  keep  more  of  a  

soupy  texture.  Also,  you  can  

taste  the  dish  with  a  spoon  to  

see  if  the  rice  is  soft  and  big  

enough  (as  you  cook,  the  rice  

grows  bigger.)  Then  put  the  chocolate  porridge  into  a  serving  bowl  to  make  some  final  

touches.  Grab  your  milk  and  drizzle  as  much  milk  to  add  a  more  milky  flavor.  Right  after,  

make  sure  to  mix  the  milk  in.  Lastly,  you  can  dump  your  chocolate  bar  into  the  dish  or  

you  can  use  the  dish  as  a  dip  and  dip  your  chocolate  bar  in.  

My  next  dish  is  a  Fried  rice  taco.  The  ingredients  you  need  for  this  dish  are  

spam,  taco  shells,  taco  seasoning,  a  bowl  full  of  cooked  rice,  pepper,  and  sliced  carrots.  

First,  you  take  the  spam  out  of  the  container  and  cut  the  

spam  into  little  cubes  (or  any  size  depending  on  

preference).  Put  the  spam  you  don’t  need  in  a  separate  

container  and  put  it  away.  After,  heat  the  pan  on  medium  

heat  and  place  the  spam  cubes  into  the  pan.  Start  to  cook  

and  shifting  the  cubes  around  until  the  color  turns  into  a  

light  brown.  When  it’s  light  brown,  then  it’s  ready  to  put  the  

bowl  full  of  rice  into  the  rice  dish.  Make  sure  to  mix  the  

spam  cubes  and  rice  together  for  about  two  minutes.  After  this,  you  can  pour  about  half  

a  packet  of  taco  seasoning  into  the  dish.  Start  to  mix  the  dish  again  for  about  a  minute  

or  so.  Then  put  a  pinch  of  pepper  into  the  fried  rice  and  keep  on  mixing  for  more  flavor.  

Put  about  a  handful  of  sliced  carrots  into  the  dish  and,  once  again,  keep  on  mixing  the  

fried  rice.  After  this,  turn  off  the  heat  on  the  stove  when  you’re  done  with  your  fried  rice..  

Lastly,  start  putting  the  fried  rice  into  the  taco  shells  and  serve  on  a  plate.    

The  last  dish  of  my  cookbook  with  a  Filipino  Breakfast  Burrito.  The  ingredients  

you  need  are  2  eggs,  a  bowl  of  rice,  pepper,  hash  corn  beef,  tortillas,  tin  foil,  and  Sliced  

cheese.  First,  before  you  do  anything  else,  get  a  separate  bowl  and  crack  the  eggs  into  

the  bowl.  Then  you  scramble  the  eggs  and  save  it  for  later.  Set  the  pan  on  the  stove  

and  set  the  stove  into  medium  high  heat.  Take  the  hash  corn  beef  out  of  it’s  container  

and  place  on  the  pan.  For  this  dish  you  don’t  need  any  oil  because  the  corn  beef  it’s  is  

already  oily.  Mash  down  and  cook  for  about  a  minute  or  so.  After  cooking  it  for  a  

minutes  or  so,  grab  a  pinch  of  pepper  and  put  on  the  dish.    Make  sure  to  mix  the  meat  

to  spread  the  pepper  around.  After,  move  the  corn  beef  onto  side  of  the  pan  and  grab  

the  eggs  you  have  prepared.  Pour  the  

scrambled  eggs  on  the  empty  side  of  

the  pan  and  leave  it  to  cook  for  a  bit  

to  solidify.  Then  start  to  mix  together  

the  corn  beef  and  the  scramble  eggs  

to  get  the  meat  portion  of  the  burrito  

ready.  Turn  off  the  heat  of  the  stove  

after  your  done  cooking  it.  Get  one  tortilla  (size  of  burrito  is  the  size  of  the  tortilla)  and  

place  it  on  a  plate  that  fit  it’s  size.  Either  heat  up  the  burrito  on  the  stove  on  low  heat  or  

microwave  the  tortilla  for  thirty  seconds.  After  heating  the  tortilla,  you  can  start  to  place  

some  of  your  rice  on  the  tortilla  and  flatten  it  down.  You  can  place  your  corn  beef  and  

eggs  on  top  of  the  rice  and  flatten  it  down  just  like  the  rice.  Also,  place  your  cheese  on  

top  of  the  corn  beef  and  eggs  to  melt  it  faster.    

Now  we  are  prepared  to  fold  the  burrito,  first  we  pick  two  opposite  side  and  fold  it  

like  a  book.  Start  to  roll  the  front  flap  towards  the  back  flap  and  tuck  it  in.  (Also  if  some  

of  the  insides  are  going  out,  push  it  back  in.)  Roll  last  unfolded  remaining  flap  of  the  

burrito  to  the  other  side  and  tuck  it  in.  Lastly,  place  the  burrito  onto  tin  foil  and  start  to  

wrap  the  burrito  to  hold  the  burrito  together.  This  dish  can  make  up  to  four  burritos,  

which  could  be  enough  to  feed  a  family  of  four.  

Why  should    YOU    care  about  my  culture?      You  should  care  about  my  culture  

because  it  reflects  the  importance  of  rice  of  the  entire  Asian  community.  Rice  in  the  

Philippines  wasn’t  invented  in  the  Philippines,  it  was  brought  by  the  Indo-­Malaysia,  

Chinese,  and  Vietnamese.  Rice  itself  is  integrated  into  many  Asian  culture  and  is  a  

staple  diets  for  than  two  billion  people  in  Asia,  plus  millions  from  Africa  and  Latin  

America.  Rice  is  so  popular  that  people  in  Asia,  like  from  India,  China,  or  Japan,  that  it  

is  estimated  to  be  that  every  third  person  in  the  planet  Earth  eats  rice  everyday  in  a  

form  or  another,  and  that  it  is  cooked  basically  everywhere,  from  huts  to  high  quality  

hotels.  An  example  of  rice  being  important  in  other  cultures  is  in  Japan,  where  there  is  a  

story  where  the  sun  goddess,  Amaterasu,  brings  a  grain  of  rice  to  Japan  herself!    

Once  Asian  people  started  to  immigrate  to  America,  they  brought  their  culture  

and  ideas  to  the  United  States,  which  meant  rice  is  coming.  The  first  rice  that  the  

Americas  received  was  around  1609  and  was  grown  in  Virginia.Then  the  true  cultivation  

happened  of  rice  in  America  at  1685  when  a  ship  from  Madagascar  docked  at  

Charleston  in  South  Carolina  for  repairs.  The  captain  of  the  ship  left  a    bag  of  rice  which  

started  cultivation  of  rice  in  Carolina.  Even  President  Thomas  Jefferson  loved/was  

impressed  by  the  Po  River  in  Italy  that  he  SMUGGLED  a  pocketful  of  rice  back  to  the  

United  States.  Today,  you  can  see  Asian  rice  culture  in  places  like  restaurants,  malls,  

and  even  your  own  home.  Being  so  culturally  diverse,  I  expect  that  anyone  that  live  in  

the  United  States  have  at  least  tried  rice  once  in  their  live.  If  not,  I  believe  that  you  are  a  

subhuman  to  society  that  needs  to  go  outside  and  try  some  Asian  Rice  foods,  either  

from  Japanese  food,  Chinese  food,  Filipino  foods,  Indian  foods,  or  any  other  Asian  

Cuisines.  

 

 

 

 

 

(Jollibee  is  a  Filipino  Fast  food  Restaurant  

Which  is  in  America)  

 

 

 

THE  BOOK  I  USED    

Sharma, Ramesh Dutt.  The Story Of Rice . India: National Book Trust, 1991. Print.  http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/21nbt-­%20The%20Story%20Of%20Rice%

20by%20Ramesh%20Dutt%20Sharma.pdf    Bibliography    Http://facebook.com/Mia.Marci. "Why Do Filipinos like to Eat Rice?"  Pepper . Pepper, 02 Apr. 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  http://www.pepper.ph/why-­rice/  

 

JohnM, Rick Fernandez Says, Lenny Says, John Miele Says, John Coldwell Says, Corey Says, Paul Thompson Says, Jonathan Says, RandyL Says, Roy Says, JohnM Says, Miss August Says, Don Says, Chasdv Says, Gerry Cordero Says, Queeniebee Says, Mars Z. Says, Randy Landis Says, David Aaron Says, Lee Bolger Says, Charlie Tuna Says, Jim Hannah Says, Jim Says, Allan Kelly Says, Opus Says, Tom Says, James P. Says, Michels5098 Says, Gary Wigle Says, PapaDuck Says, Aklan Heat Says, Bomber Mike Says, South City Says, and Diana Says. "Rice."  Live in the Philippines . N.p., 15 May 2012. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  http://liveinthephilippines.com/content/rice/  

 

"Los Banos."  Encyclopedia Britannica Online . Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  https://www.britannica.com/place/Los-­Banos#ref16729  

 

@worldatlas. "The 10 Largest Rice Importers In The World."  WorldAtlas . N.p., 19 Sept. 2016. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-­largest-­rice-­importers-­in-­the-­world.html  

 

"Banaue Rice Terraces."  Banaue Rice Terraces . N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2016  http://www.banaueterraces.com/  

 

"History of RICE."  RICE MATTERS . N.p., 03 June 2011. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  https://ricematters.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/history-­of-­rice/  

 

"Travel Philippines | Maganda Filipino - Why Do Filipinos Eat Rice?"  Travel Philippines Maganda 

Filipino . N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  http://magandafilipino.com/why-­do-­filipinos-­eat-­rice/  

 

 

 @healthline. "Beriberi."  Healthline . N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  http://www.healthline.com/health/beriberi#Overview1  

 

"Champurrado to Champorado: Origin of a Favorite Filipino Breakfast."  Lola Jane's World . N.p., 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  

http://lolako.com/champurrado-­to-­champorado-­origin-­of-­a-­favorite-­filipino-­breakfa

st/  

 

"Champorado."  IFood.tv . N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2016.  

http://ifood.tv/porridge/champorado/about