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ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 011001 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/011001
Preface
The 2nd ICIEVE 2017, the International Conference on Innovation in Engineering and
Vocational Education, held on October 25-26, 2017 at Aryaduta Hotel, Manado, North,
Sulawesi, Indonesia, is hosted by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesia), Universitas
Negeri Manado (Indonesia), and Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi
(Thailand).
The conference was a platform for scientists, scholars, engineers, industrial professionals, and
researchers to exchange, share, and discuss their innovation, experiences, research works and
problem solving techniques in all issues in engineering and vocational education.
The participants of ICIEVE 2017 were from around the world with a variety of background,
including academics, industry, and even well-known enterprise. In general, there were 140
papers discussing such various topics as engineering and technology innovation (mechanical
engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, etc.), engineering education (basic
science in engineering education, engineering education reforms, new technologies in
education, etc.), and vocational education and training (industry-driven training programs and
collaborations, lifelong learning – reskilling and upskilling, government and policy, etc.).
We would like to thank all of those who helped and supported ICIEVE 2017. Each individual
and institution's support was very important for the success of this conference. Specifically, we
would like to acknowledge the advisory board, scientific committee, and organizing committee
for their valuable advice, help, suggestions, and support in the organization and helpful peer-
reviewing process of the papers. This year, we would like to express our deepest gratitude for
all the co-hosts of ICIEVE 2017, UNIMA, Indonesia, and Rajamangala University of
Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand for the collaboration. We would also extend our best
gratitude to keynote speakers for their valuable contribution for sharing ideas and knowledge
in the ICIEVE 2017.
We sincerely hope that ICIEVE 2017 will be a forum for excellent discussions for improving
the quality of research and development in relation to innovation in engineering and vocational
education. We also hope that this forum will put forward new ideas and promote collaborative
researches among participants. We believe that the proceedings can serve as an important
research source of reference and the knowledge. Indeed, the proceedings will lead to not only
scientific and engineering progress but also other new products and processes for better science
and technology in vocational education.
The Editors
Dr. Ade Gafar Abdullah
Dr. Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Dr. Isma Widiaty
Dr. Verry Palilingan, M. Eng
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ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 011001 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/011001
LIST OF COMMITTEE
Conference Chair:
Dr. Kamin Sumardi, M.Pd.
Co- Conference Chair:
Dr. Rita Patriasih, M.Si.
International Advisory Boards:
1. Dr. Michael Grosch – Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
2. Dr. Tugba Ozturk – Ankara University, Turkey
3. Prof. Paryono, SEAMEO VOCHTECH, Brunai Darussalam
4. Erica Smith (Federation University, Australia)
5. Prof. Tetsu Kubota (Hiroshima-University, Japan)
6. Luisa Brotas (London Metropolitan University, UK)
7. Prof. Sirilak Hanvatananukul (RAVTE, Rajamangala University of Technology
Thanyaburi, Thailand)
8. Asnul Dahar Mingat (UTM, Malaysia)
9. Prof. Muhammad Sukri Saud (UTM, Malaysia)
10. Ramlee bin Mustapha(UPSI, Malaysia)
11. Mohd. Sattar bin Rasul (UKM, Malaysia)
12. Mohd. Nazeri (IPGK Perlis, Malaysia)
13. Phil. Dadang Kurnia (GIZ-Germany)
14. Joachim Dittrich (ITB-Germany)
15. Sigit Dwiananto Arifwidodo (KASETSART Univ-Thailand)
16. Henri DOU – Aix Marseille University, France
17. Henri GOUIN – Aix Marseille University, France
18. Guido BALKEMA – Han University, Netherland
Scientific Committee
1. Prof. M. Syaom Barliana – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
2. Prof. Asep Kadarohman – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
3. Prof. Dr. Revolson Mege, M.S – Universitas Negeri Manado
4. Prof. Dr. Harry Sumual – Universitas Negeri Manado
5. Dr. Eng. Agus Setiawan – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
6. Dr. Ida Hamidah – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
7. Dr. Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
8. Dr. Ade Gafar Abdullah – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
9. Dr. Budi Mulyanti, M.Si – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
10. Prof. Dr. Ratih Hurriyati, M.Si – Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
11. Prof. Khairurrijal – Institut Teknologi Bandung
12. Dr. Ika Amalia Kartika – Institut Pertanian Bogor
13. Prof. Luthfiyah Nurlaela – Universitas Negeri Surabaya
14. Prof. Ivan Hanafi – Universitas Negeri Jakarta
15. Dr. Wagiran – Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
16. Dr. Putu Sudira – Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
17. Prof. Jasruddin Daud Malago – Universitas Negeri Makasar
18. Prof. Dian Fiantis – Universitas Andalas
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ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 011001 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/011001
19. Prof. Dr. Heindrich Taunaumang – Universitas Negeri Manado
20. Dr. Jimmy Waworuntu – Universitas Negeri Manado
21. Dr. Hendro Sumual – Universitas Negeri Manado
22. Dr. Sutthiporn Boonsong – Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi
(RMUTT), Thailand
23. Dr. Thosporn Sangsawang – Rajamangala University of Technology
Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand
Organizing Committee
1. Dr. Kamin Sumardi, M.Pd – Conference Chairman (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
2. Dr. Verry Palilingan, M. Eng – Technical Chairman (Universitas Negeri Manado)
3. Dr. Isma Widiaty, M.Pd ( Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
4. Dr. Ana, M.Pd (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
5. Dr. Ing. Drs. Parabelem Rompas, MT (Universitas Negeri Manado)
6. Dr. Jane Sumarouw, M. Si (Universitas Negeri Manado)
7. Dr. Ferol Warou, M. Eng (Universitas Negeri Manado)
8. Dr. Debbie A. J. Harimu, S.T., M.T. (Universitas Negeri Manado)
9. Made Krisnanda, S.T, M.T (Universitas Negeri Manado)
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Effect of Pertalite-Spiritus Blend Fuel onPerformance of Single Cylinder Spark IgnitionEngineTo cite this article: H Wibowo et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 306 012054
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
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This content was downloaded from IP address 140.213.31.66 on 06/08/2019 at 15:45
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Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
1234567890‘’“”
ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 012054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012054
Effect of Pertalite-Spiritus Blend Fuel on Performance of
Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine
H Wibowo*, A A P Susastriawan and D Andrian
Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Sains & Teknologi
AKPRIND, Yogyakarta 55222, Indonesia
Abstract. This work aims to experimentally investigate an effect of Spiritus and Pertalite blend
on engine’s performance (brake horsepower and torque, specific fuel consumption rate, and
exhaust gas emission). The tests are conducted at 3000-7000 rpm for four different fuels, i.e.,
pertalite, 95%P-5%S, 90%P-10%S, and 85%P-15%S to obtain an optimum ratio of the
Pertalite-Spiritus blend. The blend ratios of Pertalite (P) and Spiritus (S) are measured by
volume. The result shows that addition of 15% Spiritus (by volume) on Pertalilte can enhance
the combustion process of the blend hence increasing engine’s brake horsepower and
decreasing specific fuel consumption rate. However, engine’s torque is lower when using the
blend 85%P-15%S if compared with using Pertalite.
1. Introduction
In recent years, fuel fossil depletion and global warming issues have been a serious problem
worldwide. Many renewable fuels have been tried for fossil fuel substitution as well as additional fuel.
Alcohol fuels (methanol and ethanol) have a potential for internal combustion engine fuel due to its
high antiknock and ability for reducing CO and UHC emission [1]. Bioethanol is also attractive
renewable bio-based fuel and its oxygenated characteristics able to reduce particulate emission in CI
engine [2]. The use alternate fuels also have been proposed for reducing combustion-related pollution
[3].
Due to the advantages of alcohol fuel, i.e., methanol and ethanol, many researchers work
intensively in the area of alcohol fuel for internal combustion engine. Vapour pressure of gasoline-
alcohol blend increases as alcohol composition in the blend increases, but the pressure decreases after
optimum quantity of alcohol added [4]. The ethanol addition increases torque output and fuel
consumption, CO and HC dramatically reduced [1]. Emission of CO2 increases with the use of
ethanol-gasoline blends which indicates combustion improvement. Meanwhile, engine performance
and exhaust gas emission of ethanol-gasoline blend fueled engine could be affected by ignition timing
[5] The same tendency of CO, HC, and CO2 in exhaust gas was also found for the use of ethanol-
unleaded gasoline [6]. Exhaust gas emission as a function of compression ratio from engine fueled by
Ethanol-Gasoline blend [7].
Some works were also performed specifically on ethanol-gasoline combustion. Flame propagation
of gasoline-ethanol blend in SI engine has been investigated by [8]. Flame speed accelerated when
25% ethanol is added to gasoline. Spray characteristics of the ethanol-gasoline blend were also studied
by Gao [9]. In the case of swirl type injector, the spray pattern development is not significantly
changing when using ethanol gasoline with a different fraction. However, the use of alcohol as a fuel
addition is a required modification on engine carburetor [10]. The effect of ethanol and unleaded
2
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ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 012054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012054
gasoline blends on engine performance which the ethanol amount was in the range 0-25% [6]. The
results showed the engine performance was improved and the engine power was increased
significantly.
In this work, the effect of Spiritus addition on Pertalite on engine’s performance (brake horsepower
and torque, specific fuel consumption rate, and exhaust gas emission) is experimentally investigated.
The tests are conducted at 3000-7000 rpm for four different fuels, i.e., pertalite, 95%P-5%S, 90%P-
10%S, and 85%P-15%S. The blend ratios of Pertalite (P) and Spirtus (S) are measured by volume. The
experiment purposes to obtain an optimum ratio of the Pertalite-Spiritus blend.
2. Experimental Setup
2.1. Fuel characterization
Spiritus is a blend of Ethanol and Methanol and has a high octane number (HON). The Spiritus has a
potential to be used as additional fuel of low octane number (LON) fuel, i.e., Pertalite. Properties of
Pertalite and Spiritus are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Properties of Pertalite and Spiritus.
Properties Pertalite Spiritus
Lower Heating Value 83.84 MJ/kg 26.90 MJ/kg
Research Octane Number 90 (LON) 123 (HON)
Specific gravity 0.77 NA
Heat of vaporization 343 kJ/kg NA
Laminar burning velocity (at λ = 1) 0.5 m/s NA
2.2. Engine performance setup
Figure 1 shows engine performance setup in this work. Engine test is single cylinder 125 cc gasoline
engine. Engine performance is measured in terms of brake horsepower (BHP) and torque, specific fuel
consumption rate (SFCR), and exhaust gas emission. The brake horsepower and torque are measured
using Dyno test, the specific fuel consumption is determined using the amount of fuel consumed in the
buret within particular testing time, and exhaust gas emission is detected with the use of exhaust gas
analyzer. The tests are conducted at 3000-7000 rpm for four different fuels, i.e., pertalite, 95%P-5%S,
90%P-10%S, and 85%P-15%S. The blend ratios of Pertalite (P) and Spirtus (S) are measured by
volume. For each test, the data taken at interval engine speed of 1000 rpm, i.e., 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm,
5000 rpm, 6000 rpm, and 7000 rpm. The collected data are compared to each blend.
Figure 1. Engine performance setup.
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ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 012054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012054
3. Results and Discussion
Figure 2 shows the effect of the fuel blend on Engine’s Brake Horse Power (BHP) and Torque base on
rpm. When Spiritus content in the blended fuel was increased, the BHP slightly increased for all
engine speeds. Engine power was increased gradually as a percentage of ethanol increased in blended
fuels (up to 10% [11]) [6,11]. The optimum BHP obtained when 15% Spiritus is added on Pertalite for
all engine speed variation. On the other hand, the addition of 15% Spiritus also decreases engine’s
torque. Increasing methanol content in blended fuel (30-50%) will decrease the engine power for all
engine speeds [11].
Figure 2. Characterize of engine’s BHP and Torque with fuel blend variations.
Specific fuel consumption rate (SFCR) is affected by Spiritus addition on Pertalite as shown in
Figure 3. The SFCR reduces when 10% and 15% by volume Spiritus are added on Pertalite but the
SFCR increases for a blend of 95% Pertalite-5% Spiritus by volume. This result was not in line with
Iliev [11] that SFCR increased as the ethanol (methanol) percentage increased. Increased ethanol up to
20% will reduce the SFCR, similar with the result of this study [6].
Figure 3. Effect of fuel blend on SFCR.
Meanwhile, Figure 4 presents an average value of CO, CO2, and HC in exhaust gas emission. The
value is engine speed averaging. The graph shows comparison of exhaust gas emission of the blends
that a complete combustion occurs when using the blend 85%P-15%S if compared with the use of
4
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ICIEVE 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 012054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012054
95%P-5%S and 90%P-10%S blends. A complete combustion is indicated by higher CO2 and lower
HC in exhaust gas emission as shown by 85%P-15%S blend.
Figure 4. Concentration of CO, CO2, and HC in exhaust gas emission.
4. Conclusion Increasing the Spiritus content in the blended fuel will slightly increase the BHP for all engine speeds.
The addition of 15% Spiritus (by volume) on Pertalite can enhance the blend combustion hence
improve engine’s brake horsepower and decrease specific fuel consumption rate. However, engine’s
torque is lower when using the blend 85%P-15%S if compared with using Pertalite.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank to staff of Automotive Laboratory for helping setup preparation and
data collection during the experimental work, and to Head of Mechanical Engineering Department
Institut Sains & Teknologi AKPRIND who has given funding part of the research activities.
References
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of an SI engine using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels Atmos Environ 36 3 403–410
[2] Agarwal A K 2007 Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 306 (2018) 012054 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012054
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Effect of Pertalite-Spiritus BlendFuel on Performance of SingleCylinder Spark Ignition Engine
by H Wibowo
Submission date: 09-Aug-2019 08:06AM (UTC-0500)Submission ID: 1158306176File name: ICIEVE_Conf_2.pdf (419.32K)Word count: 1702Character count: 8960
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Effect of Pertalite-Spiritus Blend Fuel on Performance of SingleCylinder Spark Ignition EngineORIGINALITY REPORT
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