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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Dr. Nikunj Bhatt.V.P.& R.P.T.P. SCIENCE COLLEGE.
VALLBH VIDYANAGAR.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMMALE
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMMALE
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
TESTIS AND SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
SPERMATOGENESIS
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
•Estrus Cycle.•Menstrual Cycle.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
• Estrus cyclethe regular female reproductive cycle of most placental mammals that is under hormonal control and includes a period of heat, followed by ovulation and complex changes of the uterine lining. in which the endometrium is completely reabsorbed by the animal (covert menstruation) at the end of its reproductive cycle.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
• Menstrual CycleThe menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that can occur in fertile females. Overt menstruation (where there is blood flow from the uterus through the vagina) occurs primarily in humans and some other animals.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
UTERUS
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
UTERINE LAYERS
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
OVERY & DEVELOPMENT OF OVA
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
OOGENESIS
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
OVULATION AND IMPLANTATION
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
HORMONES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
ROLE OF HORMONES
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
• GnRH: The ovarian and uterine cycle are controlled by GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE secreted by hypothalamus.• FSH: FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE Initiate follicular growth and secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles.
ROLE OF HORMONES
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
• LH: LUTEINIZING HORMONE Stimulates the further development of
ovarian follicle and their full secretion of estrogens, brings about ovulation, promotes formation of the corpus luteum and stimulates the production of estrogens, progesterone, relaxin and inhibin by corpus luteum
ROLE OF HORMONES
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
• ESTROGEN: secreted by follicular cells. 1, secondary sex characters. 2, Increase protein anabolism.
3, Lower blood cholesterol. 4, Moderate level inhibit release
of GnRH, FSH, LH.
ROLE OF HORMONES
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
PROGESTERONE: secreted by corpus luteum and act synergistically with estrogen. For implantation. high level inhibit GnRH and LHhCG: similar to LH and rescue corpus luteum
ROLE OF HORMONES
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
RELAXIN: secreted by corpus luteum1,Inhibit contractions of
uterine smooth muscle.2, during labor, relaxes pubic
symphasis and dilates uterine cervix.
INHIBIN: inhibit release of FSH and to lesser extend LH
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
• Four phases in female reproductive cycle.
1, Menstrual phase.2, Preovulatory phase.3, Ovulation.4, Postovulatory Phase.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE Menstrual phase 1, Menstrual phase:
Menses = month. for first 5 days.
Events in ovary: 20 or more small secondary follicles begin to enlarge.
Filled by fluid from granulosa cells or oozing from blood.
Oocyte remain near the edge of the follicle.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE Menstrual phase• Events in Uterus: Menstrual flow-50-
150 ml.Decline level of ovarian hormones-
progesteroneRelease of prostaglandins-constrict
arteries and oxygen supply deprive and cells start dyeing.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE preovulatory phase2, preovulatory phase: (Follicular phase)from 6th day-13th day.Under the influence of
FSH.Estrogens and inhibin
decrease secretion of FSH.
One dominant follicle become mature.
LH increase .
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE preovulatory phase
• Events in uterus: (Proliferative phase) Estrogen level increase in blood Stratum basalis start dividing and
proliferation of stratum functionalis.Arteries penitrate into stratum
functionalis.Become 4-10 mm.Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE ovulation
• The rupture of mature follicle and release of secondary oocyte in pelvic cavity on 14th day.
• Hold on metaphase II• Positive feedback of estrogen increase
GnRH LH & FSH. • Follicle become corpus hemorrhage.• Clot absorbed and become corpus luteum.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE postovulatory phase
4, postovulatory phase:(luteal phase)15th -28th days• Events in one ovary.• All hormones decline
and negative feed back suppress ovarian hormones.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE postovulatory phase• Events in uterus: under the influence of
progesterone and estrogen growth of endometrial glands(for glycogen secretion) and become thick upto 12-18 mm
• If fertilization does not occur corpus luteum degenerate and prgestarone and estrogen declne and menstrual flow starts.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
FERTILIZATION• Hyaluronidase is the Hormone which Digest Vitelline membrane
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
IMPLANTATION• 6 day embryo in Uterus
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
DEVELOPMENT• Development in Uterine cavity
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
MATERNAL CHANGES
• Hormonal Changes:• Corpus luteum
continues to secrete Progesterone and Estrogen
• After 3rd month Placenta it self secrete high Progesterone and Estrogen
• Prevent menstruation
Also Secretes • hCG• Relaxin• hCS [human chorionic
somatomammotropin] • Also called hPLDr Nikunj Bhatt
MATERNAL CHANGES
• Physical Changes• Increases in blood sugar, breathing, and cardiac
output are required• During the second trimester, morning sickness
subsides, the uterus expands up to 20 times its normal size and movement of the fetus may be felt.
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
References
• www.google.com• Physiology –tortora.• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
Dr Nikunj Bhatt
THANK YOU