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RES integration into the current interconnected energy system. Andrej Hanzel, managing director Centrum pre vedu a výskum,s.r.o. name: adress: state: contact:. reNEWABLES. PROS - CONS. Renewable sources. Amount of present major fuels in Earth is limited (coal, gas, crude oil, nuclear). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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RES integration into the current interconnected energy system
Andrej Hanzel, managing director
Centrum pre vedu a výskum,s.r.o.
name:adress:state:contact:
PROS - CONS
RENEWABLES
name:adress:state:contact:
Renewable sources
• Amount of present major fuels in Earth is limited (coal, gas, crude oil, nuclear).
• Generation of electricity is not very environmentally friendly– SOx, NOx, solid particulars (???) is dangerous for
environment– Ra wastes is still very huge problem
– CO2 is also very huge problem
name:adress:state:contact:
Renewable is future of mankind
• The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoule (EJ) per year. This is more energy in one hour, than the world uses during whole year.
Sunshine-not equal across Europe (Earth)
Average yearly utilization of installed capacity is 17%
Source: Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik Slovakia wind 8 MW
Wind turbine – limited opportunities for generation
103
173
317 609 10
90 1523 20
35 2833
4380
6054
8675
1184
9
1449
4 1646
9 1828
3 2042
0
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Wind installed capacity [MW]
Renewable• Achilles tendon
– Very low energy density• Density of sunshine is 3,5-7 kWh/m2/day
• It is several hundred thousand lower energy density then in coal
– Very complicated prognoses of occurrence
– Consumption of electricity is often in time when generation is not possible (sun doesn’t shine, wind is not flowing, water is not falling etc.). Reserve capacity is needed on base of classical fuel.
• Governmental support/incentives is very questionable.
Cooperation on European level
Europe is interconnected but…
Technical problems of cooperation on European level
• Each control area must be able:– To maintain export/import in range of ±20MWhr
• Basic formula for energy is:
generation = consuption
Load factor present power plants is lower – cost is increasing
EUR/MWhr
[MWhr]
Increasing of cost
Jednotkové NákladyCelkové Náklady
Výroba
Stále Náklady emenlivé Náklady
Výroba_
_ _ Pr _
(EUR)
Marginal cost is going up
Land Occupation
SolarSolar 26-30,000 m26-30,000 m22/MW/MW
WindWind 5,000 m5,000 m22/MW/MW
BiomassBiomass 100,000 m100,000 m22/MW/MW
HydroHydro 5,000 m5,000 m22/MW/MW
Coal FiredCoal Fired 1,500 – 2,000 m1,500 – 2,000 m22/MW (1/2 for ash /MW (1/2 for ash deposit)deposit)
LigniteLignite 5,000 – 6,000 m5,000 – 6,000 m22/MW (2/3 for ash /MW (2/3 for ash deposit)deposit)
NuclearNuclear 500 - 600 m500 - 600 m22/MW/MW
Purchase prices/incentives for renewable
TechnologTechnologyy
OutputOutput EUR/MWhrEUR/MWhr
Small Small HydroHydro
1-5 MW1-5 MW 109,08 - 109,08 - 61,7261,72
PhotovoltaiPhotovoltaicc
100kW-100kW-4MW4MW
387,65-387,65-382,61382,61
WindWind 80,9180,91
BiomassBiomass 113,1 - 113,1 - 144,88144,88
BiogasBiogas 1MW1MW 96,36 - 96,36 - 159,85159,85
These incentive increase retail and wholesale pricesIs it generally agreed by public? Discussion didn’t held yet.
What to do?
• Superconductivity – in room temperature solves everything– Energy storage is to be without problem with
high eficiency
Thank you for your kind attention!