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Research and practice-based
evidence to support employees
with depression
Dwayne Van Eerd, Institute for Work & Health
WWDPI Webinar, October 1, 2019
• The research was supported by funding from WorkSafeBC.
• The Institute for Work & Health operates with the support of the Province of Ontario.
• The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Province of Ontario or WorkSafeBC.
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 2
Acknowledgments
1. Research project: context, objectives, methods, results
2. A practical guide
3. Summary
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
Presentation Overview
GUIDE
Practitioner
expertise
e.g., ergonomist
Best available
research
evidence
Stakeholder
experience
e.g., worker
The Institute for Work & Health (IWH) is an independent, not-for-profit research organization based in Toronto, Canada.
Our goal is to protect and improve the health and safety of working people by providing useful, relevant research in two key areas: (1) preventing work-related injury and illness, and (2) promoting recovery and work functioning following injury and illness.
Our work provides impartial, evidence-based guidance to government policy-makers, health and safety associations, workers and employers, union and labour representatives, occupational health & safety professionals, disability management professionals and clinicians.
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 4
Institute for Work & Health
IWH:
Dwayne Van Eerd
Kim Cullen
Emma Irvin
Morgane Le Pouésard
Siobhan Cardoso
Monique Gignac
Quenby Mahood
CAMH:
Anita Dubey
Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health
Sciences:
Judy Geary
BC:
• WorkSafeBC
• BC Federation of Labour
• Construction Labour Relations Association of BC
• Mood Disorders Association of BC
Alberta:
• Alberta Workers' Health Centre
Ontario:
Several IWH stakeholders representing:
• Preventions System Partners (HSAs),
• Labour
• Employer representatives
• Practitioners (e.g., EI network members)
National:
• UNIFOR
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 5
The Research Team Our Stakeholders
Nearly three million Canadians experience depression annually, often in prime working years, ages 24 to 44 (CAMH, 2016).
Depression costs the Canadian economy at least $32.3 billion annually (Conference Board of Canada, 2013).
Workers with depression:
o Lose significantly more health-related productive time (Adler, 2006)
o Have higher rates of absenteeism and disability (Kessler, 1999)
o Experience higher rates of job turnover (Lerner, 2004)
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 6
Depression in the workplace
There are systematic reviews on the effectiveness of approaches that could be used to support workplace accommodations, return-to-work, and reduce associated productivity losses.
However, the scientific evidence on depression specific workplace-based interventions to date is not very strong. Despite the level of research evidence, workplaces are developing and implementing policies and practices related to depression in the workplace.
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 7
Evidence gaps
• Prevention/screening/assessment in the workplace (e.g. job analysis)
• Non-judgmental listening in the workplace
• Information in the workplace (e.g. Human Resource policies)
• Job modification (e.g. flexible scheduling, work from home)
• Employee Assistance Program
• External resources (e.g. community and family support)
• There are no supports for depression in my workplace
• Other
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 8
What supports, resources, services and/or accommodations are
available to continue working and/or return to work?
• Identify the best current practices in workplaces for workers experiencing depression.
• Create a practical guide to aid workplaces in implementing these strategies in workplaces.
Research project objectives
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 9
GUIDE
Practitioner
expertise
e.g., ergonomist
Best available
research
evidence
Stakeholder
experience
e.g., worker
1. eSurvey: 10 minutes
2. Interviews: 45-60 minutes (semi-structured)
3. Focus groups: 60-90 minutes (semi-structured)
Questions covered:
• Demographics (age, sex, work role, tenure, etc)
• Experience with depression (as worker or manager or practitioner)
• Supports, resources, services and/or programs
• What was most helpful
10
Methods
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
Data collection and synthesis were
based on the Public Health Agency of
Canada’s best practices stages for
evidence-based decision making.
The research evidence supports the use of CBT programs with a specific focus on addressing work issues.
Workplace strategies, including at least two of the following three different areas, are most effective:
• The worker is provided with access to health services, either at work or in settings linked to work.
• The worker is supported by RTW planning and coordination.
• The workplace addresses work modifications and supervisor training on work modification.
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 11
Results: Findings from research
Results: Survey participants
12WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
# of survey responses: 453
• 66% Staff/employees
• 23% managers, HR professionals, or OHS role
• 71% female
• 64% in ‘45 or above’ age range
• 77% in permanent full-time jobs
46%
45%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Perc
enta
ge o
f R
esp
on
den
ts*
What services are available to you (employee)?
What services did you find most helpful (employee)?
What services do you offer at your workplace (manager)?
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 13
Results: Available supports
Question: Supports available for depression
Barriers % employee % manager
Health and safety not a priority at workplace 21 24
Not sure who is responsible for supporting employees with depression
25 25
Little knowledge about depression at workplace 34 42
Not many programs or accommodations available 27 20
No programs or accommodations available 14 4
Managers/supervisors not supportive 44 26
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 14
Results: Barriers to implementation
Question: Barriers to accessing/implementing supports for depression
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No strategy Poor Good Very Good/Excellent
Perc
enta
ge o
f R
esp
on
den
ts
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 15
Results: Workplace rating
On a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 = no strategy and 5 = excellent
48%
52%
Results: Interviews/focus groups
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# of participants: 21•Subset of survey participants•Even split between ON and BC•Even split between employees and individuals in managing roles
• Lack of awareness and psychological hazards
• Supportive workplace culture
• Flexible approaches
• Communication about process
• Coordination with external resources
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 17
Results: Interviews/focus group themes
Communication about process Flexible approaches
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 18
What we learned | Quotes
“multiple forms of supports and lots of
latitude (are important to help keep
people at work)” -Manager
“the RTW check in process should
stretch 6-9 months into the future”
- Employee
1. Research project: context, objectives, methods, results
2. A practical guide
3. Summary
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
Presentation Overview
GUIDE
Practitioner
expertise
e.g., ergonomist
Best available
research
evidence
Stakeholder
experience
e.g., worker
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 20
Guide | Introduction
• Guide content from 3 evidence sources
• Positive, action-oriented content
• Illustrative case studies
• Focus is on implementation
• Icons used for various workplace parties
3 main sections:
1. Workplace Culture
2. Workplace Processes
3. Workplace and non-workplace resources
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 21
Guide | Sections
• Mental health awareness and psychological risk factors
• Genuine and caring communication
• Mental health training
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 22
Guide | Section - Workplace culture
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 23
Genuine and caring communication
Genuine and caring communication
24WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
Workplace processes
• Identification and early intervention
• Planning and facilitating return-to-work
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 25
Guide | Section - Workplace processes
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 26
E.g. Planning and facilitating return-to-work
E.g. Planning and facilitating return-to-work
27WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
• Employee Assistance Programs
• Non-workplace resources
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 28
Guide | Section - Workplace and non-workplace
resources
E.g. EAP Resources
29WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 30
E.g. Non-workplace resources
1. Research project: context, objectives, methods, results
2. A practical guide
3. Summary
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
Presentation Overview
GUIDE
Practitioner
expertise
e.g., ergonomist
Best available
research
evidence
Stakeholder
experience
e.g., worker
• Our research synthesized evidence from three sources: scientific literature, practitioner expertise, worker experience (Sackett, 1996) and used a method guided by PHAC best practices approach.
• Synthesizing practice and scientific evidence can help guide policies and practices to support workers with depression.
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 32
Discussion
Study results reveal the importance of the following workplace supports for depression:
1) Non-judgemental listening
2) Flexible individualized supports
3) External treatment/support resources (particularly CBT programs with a work focus)
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 33
Summary 1: Supports
Facilitators/barriers to supporting workers with depression include:
1) Culture (awareness)
2) Communication about process
3) Responsibility and knowledge
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 34
Summary 2: Implementation
https://www.iwh.on.ca/tools-and-guides/evidence-informed-guide-to-supporting-people-with-depression-in-workplace
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 35
Guide dissemination
Further discussion and questions
36WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
We invite the global prevention community to theXXII World Congress on Safety & Health at Work
October 4-7, 2020Toronto, Canada
Metro Toronto Convention Centre
www.safety2020Canada.com@WorldCongressCA
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019 37
Sign up online for our monthly e-alerts, our quarterly newsletter,
event notifications and more: iwh.on.ca/subscribe
Follow @iwhresearch on Twitter:
twitter.com/iwhresearch
Connect with us on LinkedIn:
linkedin.com/company/institute-for-work-and-health
Subscribe to our YouTube channel:
youtube.com/iwhresearch
Keep up on evidence-based
practices from IWH
38WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
This document/slide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Thank you
Dwayne Van EerdScientist
39WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 2019
WWDPI Webinar: Oct 1, 201940