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Research ArticlePhytochemical Profiling of Leaf, Stem, and Tuber Parts ofSolena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Using GC-MS

Karthika Krishnamoorthy and Paulsamy Subramaniam

PG and Research Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641029, India

Correspondence should be addressed to Paulsamy Subramaniam; [email protected]

Received 24 March 2014; Revised 12 May 2014; Accepted 19 May 2014; Published 14 July 2014

Academic Editor: Qi Zhang

Copyright © 2014 K. Krishnamoorthy and P. Subramaniam.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.

Objective. To explore the possible bioactive compounds in the methanolic extracts of leaf, stem, and tuber parts of the medicinalclimber, Solena amplexicaulis, using GC-MS. Methods. GC-MS analysis of the plant extracts were performed by using GC-MS-5975C [Agilent] and mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the data in the library ofNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Results. Thirty-five compounds were determined to be present in the partsstudied. The active principles with their retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, peak area, structure, category ofthe compounds, and activities were predicted. The most prevailing compounds were phytol (38.24%) in leaf, 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one (56.90%) in stem, and 9,17-octadecadienal, (Z)- (21.77%) in tuber. Conclusion. This study revealed that the speciesS. amplexicaulis is a good source of many bioactive compounds like terpenes, triazines, esters, alkanes, alcohols, hydrocarbons,aldehydes, amides, and so forth. That justifies the traditional usage of this species.

1. Introduction

Herbal plants are valuable gift of nature for mankind andthey are the source of a variety of phytochemicals which areutilized for human and animal diets also. It is capable of syn-thesizing an overwhelming variety of low molecular weightorganic compounds called secondary metabolites, usuallywith unique and complex structures. The medicinal actionsof plants unique to particular plant species or groups are con-sistent with the concept that the combination of secondaryproducts in a particular plant is taxonomically distinct [1].It states that around 85–90% of the world’s populationconsumes traditional herbalmedicines [2]. In recent decades,studies on phytochemical constituents ofmedicinal plant andits pharmacological activities have received wide attention[3–6]. WHO has emphasized the need to ensure the qual-ity of medicinal plant products using modern techniqueswith the application of suitable standards. Many modernmethods are adapted for identification and quantification ofactive principle compounds in plant materials. Of them, gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has become

firmly established as a key technological platform for sec-ondary metabolite profiling in both plant and nonplantspecies [7, 8].

The plant species Solena amplexicaulis is commonlycalled creeping cucumber and belongs to the family Cucur-bitaceae distributed very seldom in the dry deciduous forestand scrub jungles of Tamil Nadu [9]. The medicinal uses ofthis species are multifaceted.The local healers of Tamil Naduand Andhra Pradesh are prescribing this species for manyailments owing to its effective healing property [10]. The tra-ditional healers are prescribing the tubers, leaves, and seedsof this species for various ailments like spermatorrhoea, ther-mogenics, diuretics, haemorrhoids, and invigorating and it isa very good appetizer and cardiotonic [11]. The whole plantis a potential source of natural antioxidant [12, 13], antidi-abetic [10], and antibacterial agent [14] also. As the leaveshave good anti-inflammatory activity, it is recommended forinflammation, skin lesions, and skin diseases [15]. Crude leafjuice is used to cure jaundice [16]. Unripe fruits are eaten rawto strengthen the body [17].The decoction of the root is takenorally to cure stomachache [18]. As the reproductive parts like

Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Scholarly Research NoticesVolume 2014, Article ID 567409, 13 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567409

2 International Scholarly Research Notices

seeds and tubers are exploited severely formedicinal uses, thisspecies becomes rare sighted in its habitats of Tamil Nadu.

Despite these wide medicinal uses, no information onqualitative account of phytochemicals is available for thisspecies. To address this lacuna, GC-MS studies were under-taken to explore the phytochemical constituents present inthe leaf, stem, and tuber parts of S. amplexicaulis.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Collection, Identification and Preparation of Plant Mate-rials. The leaf, stem, and tuber parts of S. amplexicauliswere collected separately from the thorny scrub jungles ofMadukkarai, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Theauthenticity of the plant was confirmed in Botanical Surveyof India, Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore, by referringto the deposited specimen (Voucher specimen number: CPS313).They were washed thoroughly in tap water, shade-dried,and then homogenized to fine powder and stored in air tightbottles.

2.2. Preparation of Extract. 50 g of powdered leaf, stem, andtuber parts of S. amplexicaulis was separately extracted with250mLmethanol at the temperature between 60 and 65∘C for24 h by using soxhlet extractor. The solvent was evaporatedby rotary vacuum evaporator to obtain viscous semisolidmasses.This semidrymethanolic crude extract was subjectedto GC-MS analysis.

2.3. GC-MS Analysis. GC-MS analysis was carried out ona 5975C Agilent equipped with a DB-5ms Agilent fusedsilica capillary column (30 × 0.25mm ID; film thickness:0.25 𝜇m), operating in electron impact mode at 70 eV. Purehelium (99.999%) was used as carrier gas at a constant flow of1mL/min and an injection volume of 1𝜇Lwas employed (splitratio is 10 : 1). Mass transfer line and injector temperaturewere set at 230 and 250∘C, respectively.The oven temperaturewas programmed from 70 (isothermal for 3min) to 300∘C(isothermal for 9min) at the rate of 10∘C/min. Total GCrunning time was 34min and the MS detection was com-pleted within 35min.

By GC-MS, the compounds were separated and then theywere eluted from the column andmade enter into the detectorwhich was capable of creating an electronic signal. Thenthey were processed by the computer for generating chro-matogram.Then the compound entered into the electron ion-ization (mass spectroscopy) detector, where they were bom-barded with a stream of electrons causing them to break apartinto fragments. These fragments were actually charged ionswith certain mass. Them/z (mass/charge) ratio obtained wascalibrated from the graph, called the mass spectrum, and isthe fingerprint of the molecule.

2.4. Identification of the Compounds. To identify the com-pounds, the extract was assigned for comparison of theirretention indices and mass spectra fragmentation patternswith those stored on the computer library and also withthe published literature. National Institute of Standards and

5.00

5.00

7.00

7.00

6.00

6.00

10.0

010

.00

9.00

9.00

8.00

8.00

11.0

011

.00

12.0

012

.00

13.0

013

.00

14.0

014

.00

15.0

015

.00

16.0

016

.00

17.00

17.00

18.0

018

.00

19.0

019

.00

Time

2468

10

Abun

danc

e

6.765 11.99012.091

16.312

16.750

18.991

×105

Figure 1: GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic leaf extract ofSolena amplexicaulis.

5101520

Abun

danc

eTime

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.0

011

.00

12.0

013

.00

14.0

015

.00

16.0

017

.00

18.0

019

.00

4.00

20.0

0

3.934 6.719 7.639 10.21810.261

12.036

12.46912.70313.436 16.306

17.175

17.575

18.844

18.97519.077

×105

Figure 2: GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic stem extract ofSolena amplexicaulis.

19.817

19.869

20.07320.133

23.196

25.69413.77813.778 16.064

Abun

danc

e

20406080

Time

15.0

016

.00

17.0

018

.00

19.0

020

.00

21.0

022

.00

23.0

024

.00

25.0

026

.00

27.0

028

.00

29.0

0

14.0

0

30.0

031

.00

32.0

0

17.195

17.837

18.174

18.58318.510

19.46919.527

32.142

×105

Figure 3: GC-MS chromatogram of methanolic tuber extract ofSolena amplexicaulis.

Technology library sources were also used for matching theidentified compounds from the plant materials [19, 20].

3. Results

The gas chromatograms of leaf, stem, and tuber parts ofS. amplexicaulis confirmed the presence of various interest-ing compounds with different retention times as illustratedin Figures 1, 2, and 3. These compounds were identifiedthrough mass spectrometry attached with GC.The identifiedcompounds and their retention time, molecular formula,molecular weight, peak area (%), structure, category ofthe compound, and activities related with medicinal usesare given in Tables 1, 2, and 3 for leaf, stem, and tuber,respectively. The compound prediction is based on Dr.Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Sixcompounds were detected in the methanolic leaf extractof S. amplexicaulis. Among them, the most prevailingmajor compounds were phytol, a diterpene (peak area:38.24%) (Figure 4(a)), carane, a terpene (peak area: 18.76%)

International Scholarly Research Notices 3

Table1:Com

poun

dsidentifi

edin

them

ethano

licleafextracto

fSolenaam

plexica

ulisby

GC-

MS.

S.nu

mber

Nam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Category

ofthe

compo

und

Activ

ity∗

1Hexahydropyrid

ine,

1-methyl-4

-[4,5-

dihydroxyphenyl]-

6.761

C 12H

17NO

2207.12

10.75

HO

OH

NCH3

Aromatic

piperid

ine

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

21-O

ctanam

ine

11.990

C 8H

19N

129.2

416.16

H3C

NH

2

Alip

hatic

amine

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

31-T

etradecanamine

12.091

C 14H

31N

213.40

10.24

NH

2Alip

hatic

amine

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

4Ca

rane

16.317

C 10H

18138.24

18.76

CH3

H3C

H3C

Terpene

Antifeedant,antio

xidant

5Pentane-2,4-dion

e,3-(1-adam

antyl)

16.753

C 15H

22O

2234.33

5.85

CH3

CH3

OO

Alip

hatic

diketone

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

6Ph

ytol

18.990

C 20H

40O

296.53

38.24

H3C

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

OH

Diterpene

Anticancer,antio

xidant,

anti-inflammatory,diuretic,

antitum

or,chemop

reventive,

antim

icrobial,use

invaccine

form

ulations

∗

Source:D

r.Duk

e’sPh

ytochemicalandEthn

obotanicalDatabases

(onlined

atabase).


Table2:Com

poun

dsidentifi

edin

them

ethano

licste

mextracto

fSolenaam

plexica

ulisby

GC-

MS.

S.nu

mber

Nam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Category

ofthe

compo

und

Activ

ity∗

11,3

-Cyclopentanedione

3.929

C 5H

6O2

98.09

4.47

O

O

Cyclicd

iketon

eNoactiv

ityrepo

rted

2Und

ecane

6.718

C 11H

24156.30

3.92

CH3

H3C

Alkane

Antim

icrobialagents,

transducer

forimmun

osensora

ndits

metho

dof

prod

uctio

n.carcinogens,enzymeinh

ibito

rs,

solvents

31,2

,4-Tria

zino

[5,6-E]

[1,2

,4]-tr

iazine-3,6-dione,

hexahydro-

7.633

C 4H

8N6O

2172.14

0.36

H N N HN H

HN

H NN

H

OO

Triazine

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

44-Hydroxyph

enyl

3-nitro

benzoate

10.218

C 13H

9NO

5259.2

10.52

OO

O

OH

O−

N+

Aromaticnitro

compo

und

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

5Taurolidine

10.261

C 7H

16N

4O4S

2284.35

0.17

N

N HOO

SOO

N H

N

STaurinea

mino

acid

deriv

ative

Antim

icrobial,

anti-lip

opolysaccharide,

anti-tumor

prop

ertie

s,anti-infectivea

gents,

antin

eoplastic

agents


Table2:Con

tinued.

S.nu

mberNam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Category

ofthe

compo

und

Activ

ity∗

64-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)

but-3

-en-2-on

e12.033

C 12H

14O

2190.24

56.90

O

O

CH3

H3C

Alip

hatic

acid

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

7Trehalose

12.469

C 12H

22O

11342.29

11.49

HO

OH

OH

OHO

H

CH2O

HCH

2O

H

CH2O

H

OO

OSucrose

Treatamyloido

sis(prevent

the

depo

sitionof

amyloidproteinin

theb

ody)

8d-Glycero-d-ta

llo-heptose

12.701

C 7H

14O

7210.18

1.68

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

O

Aldoheptose

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

9Be

nzaldehyde,6-hydroxy-

4-metho

xy-2,3-dim

ethyl-

13.442

C 10H

12O

3180.20

1.71

O

OH

OCH

3

H3C

H3C

Aromatic

benzaldehyde

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

109-Tetradecen-1-

ol,acetate,

(Z)-

16.303

C 16H

30O

2254.40

1.40

O

O

H3C

CH3

Alip

hatic

ester

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted


Table2:Con

tinued.

S.nu

mberNam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Category

ofthe

compo

und

Activ

ity∗

11Hexadecanoica

cid,

methyleste

r17.174

C 17H

34O

2270.45

6.52

O

OH

3C

CH3

Lino

leicacid

ester

Anti-infl

ammatory,

hypo

cholesterolemic,cancer

preventiv

e,hepatoprotectiv

e,nematicide,insectifu

ge,

antih

istam

inic,antieczem

ic,

antia

cne,alph

areductase

inhibitor,antia

ndrogenic,

antia

rthritic,antic

oron

ary

121-M

ethyl-3

-ethyladamantane

17.581

C 13H

22178.31

1.37

CH3

CH3

Bicyclica

lkane

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

139-Octadecenoica

cid(Z)-,

methyleste

r18.844

C 19H

36O

2296.48

6.76

CH3

O

OH

3C

Lino

leicacid

ester

Anti-infl

ammatory,

antia

ndrogenicc

ancer

preventiv

e,derm

atitigenic

hypo

cholesterolemic,

5-alph

areductase

inhibitor,

anem

iagenic,insectifu

ge

14Be

nzaldehyde,2-nitro-,

diam

inom

ethylid

enhydrazon

e18.975

C 8H

9N5O

2207.18

1.42

HNNH

HN

H

HN

O N+

O−

Nitrogen

compo

und

Antim

icrobial

15Heptadecano

icacid,

10-m

ethyl-,

methyleste

r19.077

C 19H

38O

2298.50

1.29

O

OCH

3

CH3

H3C

Fatty

ester

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

∗

Source:D

r.Duk

e’sPh

ytochemicalandEthn

obotanicalDatabases

(onlined

atabase).

International Scholarly Research Notices 7Ta

ble3:Com

poun

dsidentifi

edin

them

ethano

lictubere

xtractof

Solen

aam

plexica

ulisby

GC-

MS.

S.nu

mber

Nam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Categoryof

thec

ompo

und

Activ

ity∗

1Dod

ecanoica

cid

13.776

C 12H

24O

2200.31

2.40

HO

O

CH3

Fatty

acids

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

2Tetradecanoica

cid

16.071

C 14H

28O

2228.37

0.95

OH

OMyristicacid

Antioxidant,cancerp

reventive,

nematicide,

hypo

cholesterolemic,lub

ricant

31,2

-Benzenedicarboxylic

acid,bis(2-methylpropyl)

ester

17.189

C 16H

22O

4278.34

0.74

O

OO

O

CH3

CH3 CH

3

H3C

Phthalicester

Usedin

preparationof

perfum

esandcosm

etics,plastic

ized

vinyl

seatso

nfurnitu

re,cars,and

clothinginclu

ding

jackets,

raincoats,andbo

otsa

ndused

intextiles,as

dyestuffs,cosmetics,

andglassm

aking

4Pentadecanoica

cid,

14-m

ethyl-,

methyleste

r17.842

C 17H

34O

2270.45

4.61

O

O

CH3 CH

3H

3C

Fatty

ester

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

5n-Hexadecanoica

cid

18.176

C 16H

32O

2256.42

21.75

OH

3C

OH

Palm

itica

cid

Antioxidant,

hypo

cholesterolemic,

nematicide,pesticide,lubricant,

hemolyticinhibitor,

antia

ndrogenic

6Cy

stodytin

18.51

0C 2

2H19O

3N3

373.78

1.58

O

ON

N

H N

CH3

CH3

H3C

Aromatic

alkaloid

Antiproliferativea

ctivity

inhu

man

tumor

celllin

es

71-D

ecanol,2-hexyl-

18.583

C 16H

34O

242.44

1.21

CH3

H3C

HO

Alip

hatic

alcoho

lsAntim

icrobial

810,13

-Octadecadieno

icacid,

methyleste

r19.469

C 19H

34O

2294.47

4.72

CH3

H3C

O

OLino

leicacid

esters

Anti-infl

ammatory,

hypo


preventiv

e,hepatoprotectiv

e,nematicide,insectifu

ge,

antie

czem

ic,anticancer,

antia

rthritic,insectifu

ge,

antih

istam

inic,anticoron

ary


Table3:Con

tinued.

S.nu

mber

Nam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Categoryof

thec

ompo

und

Activ

ity∗

9tra

ns-13-Octadecenoica

cid,

methyleste

r19.52

7C 1

9H36O

2296.48

3.55

CH3

H3C

O

OLino

leicacid

esters

Anti-infl

ammatory,

antia

ndrogenic,cancer

preventiv

e,derm

atitigenic,

irritant,antileuk

otrie

ne—D4,

hypo

cholesterolemic,5-alpha

redu

ctaseinh

ibito

r,anem

iagenic,

insectifu

ge,flavor

109,1

2-Octadecadieno

icacid

(Z,Z)-

19.817

C 18H

32O

2280.44

9.35

CH3

OH

O

Lino

lenica

cid

Anti-infl

ammatory,

hypo


preventiv

e,insectifu

ge,

antia

rthritic,hepatoprotectiv

e,antia

ndrogenic,nematicide,

antih

istam

inic,antieczem

ic

119,1

7-Octadecadienal,(Z)-

19.876

C 18H

32O

264.44

21.77

O

CH3

Unsaturated

aldehyde

Antim

icrobial

12Ph

thalicacid,

di(2-propylpentyl)ester

23.201

C 24H

38O

4390.55

9.48

O

OO

OCH

3

CH3

CH3

H3C

Dicarbo

xylic

acid

ester

Oraltoxicity

durin

gpregnancy

andsuckingin

theL

ong-Ev

ans

Rat

13Anthracene,9-ethyl-9

,10-

dihydro-10-t-

butyl-

25.699

C 20H

24264.40

1.26

CH3

CH3

H3C H3C

Hydrocarbon

sNoactiv

ityrepo

rted


Table3:Con

tinued.

S.nu

mber

Nam

eofthe

compo

und

RTMolecular

form

ula

Molecular

weight

Peak

area

%Structure

Categoryof

thec

ompo

und

Activ

ity∗

14

4-Dehydroxy-N

-(4,5-

methylenedioxy-2-

nitro

benzylidene)

tyramine

32.14

8C 1

6H14N

2O4

298.29

6.72

OO

O

O−

N+N

Tyramine

deriv

ative

Noactiv

ityrepo

rted

∗

Source:D

r.Duk

e’sPh

ytochemicalandEthn

obotanicalDatabases

(onlined

atabase).


20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 3800

5000

Abun

danc

e

123.0

41.068.0 95.0 Carane CH3

m/z

H3C

H3C

(a)

20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380 4200

5000

Abun

danc

e

17.0

43.0

71.0

96.0 123.0151.0 196.0 222.0 263.0 296.0

PhytolOH

CH3 CH3 CH3CH3

H3C

m/z

(b)

20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 3800

5000

Abun

danc

e

57.086.0

117.0 160.0190.0

4-(4-Ethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-2-one

H3C O

O

CH3

m/z

(c)

20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380 4200

5000

Abun

danc

e

18.044.0

97.0119.0

146.0173.0 235.0

Trehalose73.0

HO

OH OHOH

OH

CH2OH CH2OH

CH2OH

m/z

O O

O

(d)

0

5000

Abun

danc

e

n-Hexadecanoic acid

OHH3C

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280m/z

O

(e)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

O

200 220 240 260 2800

5000

Abun

danc

e

9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)- CH3

m/z

(f)

Figure 4: (a) Mass spectrum of carane. (b) Mass spectrum of phytol. (c) Mass spectrum of 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-2-one. (d) Massspectrum of trehalose. (e) Mass spectrum of n-hexadecanoic acid. (f) Mass spectrum of 9,17-octadecadienal, (Z)-.


(Figure 4(b)), and 1-octanamine, an aliphatic amine (peakarea: 16.16%). The methanolic stem extract of S. amplex-icaulis showed the presence of fifteen different organiccompounds. The major phytochemical compounds amongthem were 4-(4-ethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-2-one, an aliphaticacid (peak area: 56.90%) (Figure 4(c)), trehalose, sucrose(peak area: 11.49%) (Figure 4(d)), hexadecanoic acid, methylester, a linoleic acid ester (peak area: 6.52%), and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, another linoleic acidester (peak area: 6.76%). Fourteen compounds were iden-tified in the methanolic tuber extract. In this account,9,17-octadecadienal (Z)-, an unsaturated aldehyde (peakarea: 21.77%) (Figure 4(e)), n-hexadecanoic acid, a palmiticacid (peak area: 21.75%) (Figure 4(f)), phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester, a dicarboxylic acid ester (peak area:9.48%), and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, a linolenic acid(peak area: 9.35%) were the major phytochemicals on thebasis of quantity.

4. Discussion

The gas chromatogram shows that the relative concentrationsof various compounds are getting eluted as a function ofretention time. The height of the peaks indicates the rela-tive concentrations of the compounds present in the plant.The mass spectrometer analyzes of the compounds elutedat different times to identify the nature and structure ofthe compounds. The large compound fragments into smallcompounds give rise to appearance of peaks at different𝑚/𝑧ratios. These mass spectra are fingerprint of that compoundwhich can be identified from the data library.

Generally, the reliability of medicinal plant for its usage isevaluated by correlating the phytochemical compounds withtheir biological activities [21]. In the present study, the GC-MS analysis of themethanolic extracts of leaf, stem, and tuberparts of S. amplexicaulis altogether showed the presence of35 compounds. In this account, the leaf extract containedsix compounds among them, phytol (38.24%) is having anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimi-crobial, diuretic, and chemopreventive properties and used invaccine formulations [22, 23]. The other compound, carane(18.76%) is having antifeedant and antioxidant properties[24, 25]. The methanolic stem and tuber extracts showedthe presence of greater number of 14 and 15 compounds,respectively. The six phytoconstituents, namely, undecane,taurolidine, trehalose, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and benzaldehyde, 2-nitro-, diaminomet hylidenhydrazone in stem extracts havepossessed medicinal properties [26]. Undecane, an alkane,is an antimicrobial agent, used as carcinogen [27, 28].Similarly, the other compound, taurolidine, a taurine aminoacid derivative, has antimicrobial, antilipopolysaccharidal,and antitumor properties [29, 30]. The sucrose compound,trehalose, is used for the treatment of amyloidosis [31]. Thelinoleic acid esters present in the stem, hexadecanoic acidmethyl ester, are reported to have anti-inflammatory, cancerpreventive, hepatoprotective, antiarthritic, and anticoronaryproperties. The other linoleic acid ester, 9-octadecenoic

acid (Z)-, methyl ester, is also having anti-inflammatory,antiandrogenic, and anemiagenic properties [32]. The nitro-gen compound, benzaldehyde, 2-nitro-, diaminomet hyli-denhydrazone, is known to have the property of curinginfectious diseases by its antimicrobial activity. In thetuber extracts, the compounds identified, namely, 10,13-octa-decadienoic acid methyl ester, trans-13-octadecenoic acid,methyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, are pos-sessed with anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive char-acters. The two compounds, namely, tetradecanoic acid andn-hexadecanoic acid, are antioxidants. The phthalic acid,1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, isused in the preparation of perfumes and cosmetics. Theunsaturated alcoholic compound, 9,17-octadecadienal, (Z)-,is reported to have antimicrobial property [33]. The studyspecies S. amplexicaulis is endowed with various medicinalproperties maybe due to the presence of all these com-pounds described. In a similar fashion, certain traditionalmedicinal plant species of Cucurbitaceae have been analyzedphytochemically by using GC-MS and suggested for drugpreparation after succeeding in clinical trials [34, 35]. Thetherapeutic properties of the other compounds in all the threeparts of S. amplexicaulis were not yet reported.

Our investigation through the present study revealed thatthe species S. amplexicaulis is a reliable source of bioactivecompounds like fatty acid esters, alcohols, hydrocarbons,alkanes, amines, terpenes, and sugars that justify the tradi-tional usage of this species [16–18] by the local healers inCoimbatore and Tirupur districts of Tamil Nadu, India, forvarious ailments. As GC-MS is the first step towards under-standing the nature of active principles [36, 37], further inves-tigation in this species is suggested for the development ofnovel drugs.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgment

The authors graciously acknowledge the financial supportgiven by University Grants Commission, New Delhi (Grantno. F. 41-415/2012(SR)), to carry out the work.

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