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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats in
Europe
Yvonne ScheideggerUwe A. Schneider
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Tragedy of Wetlands
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Find socially optimal balance between alternative wetland uses
by integrating • biological benefits (birds)• economic opportunities (agriculture)
- Large region- Majority of endangered birds
Objective
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Birds
Bird directive• 1979• Annex I
Species• 28 species depending
on wetlands as breeding/ wintering/ resting grounds
• Families: herons, raptors, storks
Corncrake
Kingfisher
Great White Egret Black Stork
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetland Degradation
Human exploitation• Agriculture
- Drainage• Human Settlements
- Preferred location for living- Transportation systems- Industry- Pollution
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Preservation• Habitat for Species• Ecological Functions
- Flood control- Shoreline stabilization- Nutrient retention- Purification of water- Climate
Wetland Preservation
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Ramsar Convention
Ramsar Convention
• 1971 Ramsar, Iran• Conservation and wise
use of wetlands• Ramsar List• 2003
- 137 contracting parties
- 1369 wetlands of international importance
CLASSIFICATION• MARINE WETLANDS• ESTUARINE WETLANDS• WETLANDS
ASSOCIATED WITH LAKES
• WETLANDS ALONG RIVERS
• MARSHY WETLANDS• HUMAN-MADE
WETLANDS
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
Lake/Pond• Open water surface• Transition zone
Marsh• Frequent
flooding/permanent shallow water
• Reed beds
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
Wet Meadow• Humid soils• Grassland• Extensive cultivation
Peatland• Anaerobic conditions • fen• raised bog
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
River/Floodplain• Periodic flooding• Sand and gravel banks,• oxbow lakes
Floodplain forest
• Typical vegetation
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
VariablesPOPr,b,l,w Bird population [N]
ADDr,w Added area [ha]
DELr,w Lost area [ha]
HAB0r,b,l,w Habitat size < minimum habitat size [ha]
HAB1r,b,l,w Habitat size > minimum habitat size [ha]
r Region
w Wetlandl living status
b Bird
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
hmin0 area
population
HAB0 HAB1
nsafe
Model
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
Parameterdr,b,l,w Population density
nsafeb,l Safe population level
hminr,b,l,w Minimum habitat size [ha]
hmaxr,w Maximum convertible area [ha]
hexistr,w Existing land allocation [ha]
cagr Agricultural opportunity costs [euro]
c agwr Conversion costs [euro/ha]
r Regionw Wetlandl living statusb Bird
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
1,00,,
0
0
0
,,,
,,,1
,,,0
,,,
1,,,,,,
min,,,,,,,,,
,,,min
,,,max,
1,,,
0,,,,,,
min,,,
min,,,
0,,,
wlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbr
I
POPHABHAB
HABIhdPOP
IhhHAB
HABIh
hHABWetland Habitat Demand
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
0, ,,
,,
,max,,
,1
,,,0
,,,,,
wrwr
existwrwr
existwrwrwr
existwrwlbrwlbrwrwr
DELADD
hDEL
hhADD
hHABHABDELADD
Model
Wetland Habitat Supply
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
wrwr
agwwr
agrwr
wagwr
agr DELccADDcc
,,,,,min
Model
Objective Function
• Minimization of cost from land use and lost agricultural revenue summed across all regions and land use change type
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
• Solve repeatedly for different targets (t) • Plot total cost against target
tnPOP lbwr
wlbr safe,
,,,,
Model
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Indicative Results
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Future Tasks
• Data improvement!• Soil type integration • Modeling of combined uses (low agricultural
intensity + habitat)• Habitat linking between regions• Endogenous agricultural opportunity costs• Dynamics
