Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000) (up to 1200 m depth)

MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 1

SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN JHARIA DEVELOPMENT IN JHARIA

COALFIELD, INDIACOALFIELD, INDIAdr kalyan sen, directordr kalyan sen, director

Central Fuel Research Institute, DhanbadCentral Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad MGMI, NEW DELHI-8-9TH DEC.,2KMGMI, NEW DELHI-8-9TH DEC.,2K



Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000)Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000)(up to 1200 m depth)(up to 1200 m depth)

Only repository of prime coking coal in India

Total reserves: 19,430 Mt Prime coking : 5,313 Mt Medium coking: 6,164 Mt So called non-coking: 7,953 Mt


Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years)

1905

1910

1915

1920

1925

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1965

1970

1980

1985

1990

1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35O/C(Mt) U/G(Mt) TOTAL(Mt)

PRODUCTION TREND OF COAL IN JCF (Mt)

Year


Annualized Growth Rate (%) in JCF

Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years)

19

05

19

10

19

15

19

20

19

25

19

30

19

35

19

40

19

45

19

50

19

55

19

60

19

65

19

70

19

75

19

80

19

85

19

90

0

10

20

30

40

-10

-20

Production(Mt)Growth rate (%)


Sustainable development in any industrial system demands an increase in pdn by national GR level or decrease

in the cost of pdn by same level.

Annualized growth rate, %:

1910 14 1944-66 0.5-4.0

1925 2.0 1988 22.0

1935 -3.0 1989 -13.6

After nationalization : 2-3 % (as compared to

national GR 6-8%)


Quality of Jharia coals:Quality of Jharia coals:Chemical characteristics:

Barakar Fmn Raniganj Fmn

Moisture (air dried) 0.9-1.8% 1.4-2.3%

Ash 16.7-29.7% 21.3-32.3%

VM(dmf) 20.5-33% 34.7- 40.1%

Carbon (elemental) 88.4-91.5%` 84.6- 88.4%

(pure coal basis)

Heat value (k cal/kg) 8613-8819 8500-8980


Quality contd….Quality contd…. Petrographic composition: (Visible min. mat. Free basis)

Characteristics Upper seams Lr. Seams

Vitrinite 56.5-70.3% 25.3-57.3%

Liptinite 1.0-3.9%% 0.6-1.4% ?

Inertinite 28.1-38.3% 27.3-62.1%

Ro 0.9-1.25% 1.25-14.3%


Quality contd….Quality contd….

Lr. Seam (I-V/VI/VII & VIII) coals of the region have high reflectance and produce good coke from washed coal having total reactive contents 55-65%.

Use of such coal as power coal is simply wastage of scarce coking coal resource


Lower seam coal

Upper seam coalUpper Seam Coal

Lower Seam Coal

Mass Ditribution of upper and Lower seams Coals

Upper Seam Coal

Raw coals crushed to 75mm

1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Relative Density

0

10

20

30

40

50

60Fractional Mass %

AX

Upper Seam Coal

Lower Seam Coal


Washed Coal Analysis

Chemical (%) East West

Moisture 1.0 1.0Ash 17.0 18.3V. M. ( air dry) 17.0 15.0

Petrographic (vol. %)Vitrinite 53.0 45.0Semi vitrinite 5.0 4.8Exinite (Liptinite) - 0.3Inertinite 35.0 31.5Min. Matter 14.0 15.2-----------------------------------------------------------Mean R0% 1.27 1.29


Washed Coal

Coke Property

Porosity % 48.5

CRI 12.6

CSR 72.9

M40 82.6

M10 9.8


1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.050

10

20

30

40

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Char. Ash

Fra

ctio

nal

Yie

ld

Mid SP. gravity

Ch

ar. Ash

%

Cleans RejectsFoundry Coal Power Coal

4- product separation

Cost of washed coal is 3 times of raw coal

MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 14Figure 4: Concept of Multi-stage Beneficiation

RAW COAL

POWER SECTOR

PRIMARYCLEANS

MIDDLINGS

REJECTS

STEELPLANT

CLEANS

FOUNDRYCOAL

BEE-HIVE COKE-OVENS

1st Stage Washing

2nd Stage Washing

(37% Ash)

(22.6 %)

(34 %)

(62 %)

(17.5 %)(Coke Ash 21%)(Coke Ash 31 %)

(27 %)

100 Wt%

50 %

20 %

30 %

28 %20 %

PIT HEAD WASHERY

COMPOSITE WASHERY

BRICKS


Figure 4A- A typical product mix from beneficiation of difficult-to-wash coal

( Raw coal ash 35-37%)

Rejects

(60-65% ash)

29%

Middlings

(34% ash)

21%

Foundry Fuel (28% ash)

22%

Cleans

(18% ash)

28%


ConclusionConclusion

Washing of lower seam coals ardent necessary

Raw coal production level is to be increased by 6 to 8% or expenditure on production to be decreased by same level

CFRI techniques(multi-stage washing) of optimum beneficiation of high ash coal may be helpful



washing of ‘difficult-to-wash’ lower seam

coals is a must to meet the requirement of the

nation

beneficiation of the high ash coals from 35-

50% ash level to 17-18% reduces the yield.

Multi- stage/ stream washing will be the only

cost-effective solution under the present crisis



The concept can be suitably retrofitted to

the existing washeries without bringing

major changes

Beneficiation with minimum discharge

from the washeries strengthens the

awareness for protecting the environment

Documents

Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000) (up to 1200 m depth)