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PNG SEASMART PROGRAM
JUNE 2008
Resource Assessment & Management Survey Manual
PNG NFA EcoEZ Inc.
Version Date Modified Lead
Version 1.6 30 Aug 2009 RAM Division
ii PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Resource Assessment & Management Survey Manual August 2009 Published by: EcoEZ Inc., SEASMART Prog ram
iii PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
List of Tables
Acronyms ….……………………………………………… .................................................... v Background …………………………………………. ........................................................... 1 Area Selection and Public Awareness ……………. ........................................................ 3
Rapid Resource Assessement (RRA) ....................................................................... 4
Full Resource Assessement (FRA) ........................................................................... 4 Preparation of the Survey ………………………………. ................................................... 5
Survey Team Selection and Organization ................................................................. 5
RAM Survey Equipment and Materials ...................................................................... 6 Manta Tow Survey (Optional)……………………… ........................................................ 13
Logistics ................................................................................................................... 13
Manta Tow Site Selection ........................................................................................ 17 Belt Transect Survey …………………………………… ................................................... 18
Area Cover and Duration of the Survey ................................................................... 18
Categories of RAM Survey ...................................................................................... 20
Laying Down the Transect Line (100 meters long) .................................................. 21
Naming the Dive Site ............................................................................................... 23
Survey of Aquarium Fish Species ............................................................................ 23
Survey of Aquarium Invertebrates and Corals Species ........................................... 24
Survey on Corals, Zoanthids, Coralliomorpharians and other Polyps for Aquarium 31 Sea Food Survey ………………………………………... ................................................... 33
Fish and Invertebrate Food Survey ......................................................................... 33
Food Fish ................................................................................................................. 33
Other Food Fish ....................................................................................................... 33
Sea Cucumber (Beche de Mer) Survey ................................................................... 34
Other Endangered Species...................................................................................... 36 Data Banking and Analysis……………………. .............................................................. 37
Determining Total Allowable Catch for Aquarium Fish and Invertebrates in a new open area/s. ............................................................................................................. 37
Calculating Total Stock Abundances ....................................................................... 38
Total Allowable Catch (TAC) Based on MAQTRAC calculations. ........................... 38
Marine Aquarium target classifications based on Ecology and their TAC implementation ......................................................................................................... 40
Marine Aquarium Survey Data Storage ……………. .................................................... 46 Equipment Record Maintenance and Inventory……. .................................................. 47
Scientific Diving ........................................................................................................ 47 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 52 Identification References ……………………………….. ................................................. 53 Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 54
Table of Contents
iv PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
List of Figures
List of Appendices
Table 1: Types of marine habitat zone with survey equipment used during the RAM Survey .......................................................................... 11
Table 2: Printed data sheets used by observers to record manta tow data ................. 16
Table 3: Type of marine habitat and reef zone with the type of data collected ............ 22
Table 4: List of invertebrates under the trade to be measured ..................................... 24
Table 5: Coral reef health substratum survey categories and code ............................. 27
Table 6: Coral data sheet for coral survey .................................................................... 32
Table 7: Food Fish data sheet ...................................................................................... 34
Table 8: Beche-de-mer data sheet................................................................................ 35
Table 9: List of limited to catch marine aquarium species ............................................ 43
Table 10: RAM inventory equipment................................................................................ 50
Table 11: RAM Equipment Maintenance Records. .......................................................... 50
Figure 1: Type of anchors that will lock up in sand, muddy and rocky substrates. ........ 10
Figure 2: Always anchor at non-living reef structure, such as sand, mud, or rocks/dead corals. Always check the anchor to avoid the damage to corals. ............................................................................................ 10
Figure 3: Observer towed by boat over the reefs ........................................................... 14
Figure 4: Diagrammatic representations of coral cover categories ................................ 15
Figure 5: Sample of dive sites for RRA and FRA. .......................................................... 19
Figure 6: Basic Resource and Management Survey (imaginary tunnel underwater) .... 22
Figure 7: RAM survey dive sites in different habitats and reef zones ............................ 23
Figure 8: Marine non-coral invertebrates to be measured during RAM survey. ............ 24
Appendix 1: Marine Aquarium Species Masterlist ............................................................ 55
Appendix 2: Marine Aquarium Invertebrates List .............................................................. 68
Appendix 3: Marine Aquarium Hard and Soft Corals List traded ...................................... 75
Appendix 4: Dive Site Description Table .......................................................................... 78
Appendix 5: Spreadsheet Sample for inputting invertebrates .......................................... 81
Appendix 6: Spreadsheet sample for transcribing Vertebrates data. ............................... 82
Appendix 7: Marine Aquarium Coral Data Sheets ............................................................ 82
Appendix 8: Spreadsheet sample substrates data sheet ................................................. 84
Appendix 9: Seafoods Data Sheets .................................................................................. 86
Appendix 10: Beche de Mer Data Sheets ......................................................................... 87
Appendix 11: EcoEZ Diving Policy .................................................................................... 88
v PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Acronyms ….………………………………………………
RAM Resource Assessment & Management
NFA National Fisheries Authority
MAQTRAC Marine Aquarium Trade Coral Reef Monitoring Protocol
FMA Fishery Management Area
FRA Full Resource Assessment
FMAP Fishery Management Area Plan
GCRMN Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
GPS Global Positioning System
GIS Geographic Information System
CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort
SSC Site Selection Criteria
1 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Background …………………………………………. Papua New Guinea reefs are under pressure from different anthropogenic factors
including pollutions, over fishing, sedimentations, and other damaging activities
but little is known about the status of the PNG coral reefs. There is little to no
knowledge of the health of thousands of kilometers in PNG reefs. The PNG
National Authority (NFA) and ECOEZ INC. are currently working around the
country aim to achieve knowledge on how to manage the reefs and the same
time the fishermen can have a livelihood like marine aquarium fishing.
This manual was born out of ECOEZ under SEASMART Program with the aim to
continue furthering knowledge about under-researched marine areas for opening
marine aquarium fishing around PNG with developing scientific methods to
monitor and manage coral reef fisheries for fish and invertebrates and to
determine the level of catch could be sustainable. Not only this, it’s included to
monitor the marine foods and Sea Cucumber (Beche de mer) stocks. However,
like any other fisheries in the developing countries, the challenges will lie in
conceptualizing the scientific framework and the reasonable implementation for
such system with the view of long-term sustainability. This manual should be
used in Papua New Guinea only.
The major suppliers of wild-caught marine aquarium fishes and invertebrates are
the Philippines (Albaladejo and Corpuz, 1081,1984; Albaladejo et al., 1984),
Hawaii Taylor, 1974; Katekaru, 1978; van Poollen and Obara, 1984; Anon.,
1988), Caribbean Sea (including Florida), Indonesia (Kvalvagnaes, 1980),
Mexico, Red Sea, Sri Lanka (Senanayake, 1980; Wood, 1985), Mauritius, Kenya
(Samoilys, 1988a), Maldives, Seychelles, Taiwan and the Pacific Region
(Randall, 1987; Lewis, 1988). In the early 1980’s, the import value of marine fish
and invertebrates for the aquarium trade was estimated to be between US$24 to
40 million annually (Wood 1985). But, current estimates import value of marine
aquariums between US$200 and 300 million annually (Chapman et al. 1997;
Larking and Degner 2001).
Chapter 1
2 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
3 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Area Selection and Public Awareness ……………. Before a selected area can begin the process towards certification and fishing, a
comprehensive analysis is undertaken to ensure that it meets a set of area
selection criteria. The RAM Survey is undertaken in selected areas
recommended by National Fisheries Authority (NFA) or a Provincial Fisheries. A
Fishery Management Area (FMA) is normally selected if it met the following
criteria:
Interest of local resident fishermen; the indicator will be known after a
public awareness before the survey.
Good species mix (commercially viable) and volume in order to make the
trade feasible;
“Buy-in” of local level government units and fishermen; and
Potential of fishers to adopt a certifiable way (use of nondestructive
methods such as barrier net fishing) of aquarium fishing.
Other relevant information that fall under the last criterion includes:
Operational issues and market linkages;
Stakeholders and other resource users; and
Clan/ownerships, and legal issues.
It is necessary to secure written permits provided by NFA prior to surveys. The
team should present themselves in the community/village and makes awareness
before the surveys.
Gathering of secondary data and subsequent field scoping activities (and
community workshops when deemed necessary) should provide information on
the following:
Area’s fisheries (fishing practices/methods, mean livelihood and, fishing
sites, seasons);
Chapter 2
4 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Locations of habitats; and boundaries of the owned reef by clan.
Characteristics of local fishers (number of fishermen, holidays and days of
no fishing, profiles, events and history of the village), etc.
Information may be collected in interviews with Community/Village leaders, or
owners of the reefs, focus group discussions and actual field observations.
Working with local fishermen will help begin to build trust and to increase the
level of knowledge about fishing practices, fishing sites, inside laws and
regulations and resource management perspective of the fishers and perceived
needs. Data analysis and interpretation must be done carefully and in the context
of the overall fisheries in the area and then presented soon back to the area. The
output from the survey will form the basis for the local Area Profile and Aquarium
Fisheries Management Report to be submitted to the MAP (Management Area
Plan) Committee and NFA representatives.
Rapid Resource Assessement (RRA)
After the NFA (National Fisheries Authority) or Provincial Fisheries suggest and
give a list of village/s to the Country/Programme Director of the company, the
initial desktop analysis should be perform. All EcoEZ Executive Committes and
Management Committes should attend the desktop analysis. After the area/s
were analyzed and pass with the Site Selection Criteria (SSC), a RRA is carried
out. Basically the minimum dive sites to be produced should not be lower in 20-
dive sample in the project area.
Full Resource Assessement (FRA)
After the Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) conducted, data are analized, TAC
are calculate and presented to the EcoEZ Executive Committes and
Management Committes and later place in the TRADE to monitor catch limits of
the fishers in a certain Fishery Management Area/s (FMA).
5 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Preparation of the Survey ………………………………. Survey Team Selection and Organization
3. 1 Basic Qualifications of Team Members
Planning and preparation in advance of field activities is important prior to
RAM Surveys. The team may consist of 3 persons or more to survey one
site. Gear and equipment should be prepared 3 days before the start of
the surveys. To perform a RAM survey, it is important that qualified
marine biologists, or those who have been trained and have passed
regular examinations given by the chief scientist, are selected to carry out
the survey. Each observer must have species level taxonomic skills and
must be able to identify all key species at a given site either Latin or local
name. Typically, at least one observer each team should specialize in one
of the following areas: aquarium fish, Beche de Mer, food fish, corals,
types of substrates and aquarium invertebrates.
It is recommended that the “skipper” or the boat captain should come from
the village. The boat captain should serve as a guide as he could easily
point out the sites of the surveys as well as the boundaries from other
reefs or villages.
3.2 Species Identification and Field Survey Standardization Process
Team members should undergo a series of species identification
standardization exercises to ensure that all team members have common
identifications of survey organisms. It’s much better to provide 3 or more
latest identification books and reputable website like www.fishbase.org for
fish and www.sealifebase.org for invertebrates to insure the correct
spelling and distribution of species by country. For the fish specialist,
underwater size estimation exercises should be conducted to help him/her
Chapter 3
6 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
identify and correct any size estimate bias. In these exercises, fish and
invertebrate models should be randomly deployed in a shallow reef area
where survey scientists subsequently swim about and estimate sizes. If
the observer passes all the tests given by the chief scientist, then his/her
data may be used. It is also suggested that the chief scientist should
compare notes right after the dive to insure all data were done properly.
A team leader will be responsible for the overall planning and
management of the surveys. He/she should make sure that members
have specific tasks for equipment preparation and taxonomic assignments
during data fishing; that dive safety procedures are followed during
underwater surveys; and that data are collated after the survey.
RAM Survey Equipment and Materials
RAM Survey Team
Navigational Map is important to
provide information on dive depths
and habitat distribution (corals, sand,
sea grass). Another alternative is the
google map.
SCUBA Gear consisting of
compressed air cylindrical tank, dive
mask with snorkel, wetsuit, and
booties, weight with belt, hood
(optional) and fins.
7 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Snorkeling Gear consisting of wetsuit, mask with
snorkel, booties fins and weights.
Dive Watch used to record the time in the
beginning til the end of the survey.
GPS (Global Positioning System) is provided to
record all the RAM survey sites.
Shaker or tank banger to get attention of the dive
buddies, and aid in communicating underwater.
Torch or flashlights, used for night dives and
lighting the crevices and dark areas during the dive
survey.
Mobile phone/2-way Radio is provided in case of
emergency and communication.
Still Camera, pictures and videos are taken during
every survey. This will be useful to tell the
conditions of the coral reefs and sites, which would
be helpful and effective in showing the state of
8 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
resources during presentations to the local community. This may also
provide useful information for future comparison and reports.
Waterproof sunscreen or sun block to
protect from sunburn.
Transect line is either a long fabric fiber
measuring and guide tape with grid
meter indications that you can purchase
in a hardware store or an improvised
rope rope with mark or sign in every half
meter. Transect line serve as a long ruler
to indicate the distance of substrates,
non-coral invertebrates and vertebrate’s
along the transect tunnel.
Underwater slates with pencil are used as
an underwater paper to log and jot down
all the organisms and substatrates
observed. All different types of specialty
such as vertebrates, non-coral
invertebrates, coral invertebrates,
substrates, foodfish, and Beche de Mer
have separate underwater slates.
Dry bag is important equipment for RAM
survey, this will be the storage for GPS,
communication equipments, dry clothes,
and a good floating device for
emergency purposes.
Tools and spares, e.g. O-ring, multi-tools.
First Aid Kit is provided and checked before the survey is conducted. It is
recommended to have the following: pain reliever, eye drops, bandage
strips, bandages, alcohol, spirit of ammonia, iodine solution, burn and
9 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
anti-bacterial ointments, cotton, aspirin,
antacid, anti-histamine, scissors, clean
drinking water etc.
Skipper and Dive Boat
Always bring drinking water in the boat.
Proper rope, anchor and buoys.
Always check boat engine before leave.
Check if there is enough fuel for the duration of dive.
Always bring tools and boat spare parts.
Torch/flashlights for night navigation.
Boat shed to protect divers from direct sun exposure.
Garbage bin for the rubbish and junk.
GUIDELINES FOR ANCHORING
1. Before leaving, check boat equipments, tools, drinking water, and
specially anchor.
2. All dinghy boats must be equipped with at least 20m ropes and a plow
anchor.
3. The ideal anchor should have a durable metal, aluminum, or stainless
steel hook type. Do not use rounded metal, rock, or scrap metal. This will
not anchor in the sand or mud substratum.
4. It is best to have a secondary anchor with 20m ropes as extra in case of
an emergency. This can be use to reinforce the main anchor for boat
stability in anchorage.
10 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Figure 1: Type of anchors that will lock up in sand, muddy and rocky substrates.
5. The best anchoring depth is between 4-8 meters, always anchor in the
sand or muddy areas.
Figure 2: Always anchor at non-living reef structure, such as sand, mud, or rocks/dead corals. Always check the anchor to avoid the damage to corals.
6. Never anchor on coral. Your ground tackle will damage the corals; the
anchor will most likely get fouled.
11 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
7. Always approach your intended anchoring spot against the wind or tide
whichever is the strongest.
8. Approach the anchorage slowly (less than 3 knots), with the dinghy tied
alongside and short. Ensure that the rope is not in the water and that the
anchor is ready to be dropped. Have a crewmember at the aft looking for
any reef.
9. Here are a few tips to confirm that your anchor has taken:
Check any vibration on your chain by physically feeling it. If the chain
is vibrating after it is completely stretched out, then your boat is most
likely dragging anchor, slacken the rope to enable your anchor to dig
in properly. If it is still dragging re-anchor.
Once you turn off your engine you can take a bearing on a fixed object
from your bow and 90 degrees from that point or from your beam.
Check periodically if these two bearings maintain a 90-degree angle to
ensure time and again that the anchor is not dragging.
*Always remember, “safety first” plan the dive and never go out in rough
seas. If the current is strong, abort the dive.
Table 1: Types of marine habitat zone with survey equipment used during the RAM Survey
Types of Marine Habitat
Survey Equipment
Inter-tidal Zone or Beach
Reef Shallow/Flat Depth (2-4 meters)
Coral Reefs Depth/Reef slope (5-10
meters) Sandy Mud Rocky Seagrass
Transect line (100 meters long)
Underwater Slates with pencil
SCUBA Gear NA NA NA NA NA
Snorkeling Gear
NA
Poker/Rod with hook
NA
12 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Types of Marine Habitat
Survey Equipment
Inter-tidal Zone or Beach
Reef Shallow/Flat Depth (2-4 meters)
Coral Reefs Depth/Reef slope (5-10
meters) Sandy Mud Rocky Seagrass
Rubber Glooves
NA
Torch
13 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Manta Tow Survey (Optional)………………………
This process is optional. It is not necessary to conduct manta tows if a village
representative or the boat captain is familiar with the dive sites and habitat or
reefs.
Manta tows (English et al. 1997) are used to assess broad or large portion of the
reefs. It enables visual assessment of large areas of reef within a short time and it
is perform for determining and selecting sites that are representative of different
habitat types such as sea grass, sand, muddy bottom and coral reef.
The manta tow involves towing an observer, using a rope and manta board
(made-up of marine plywood), behind a small boat and towed at low speed
(approx. 2knots) with 3 minutes each tow. During the process, one scientist will
record the GPS, time and record the readings in the boat. The method is not
suitable for areas with poor visibility (less than 6 meters)
Logistics
Personnel
Manta tow surveys conducted by teams of 1 or more pairs of trained marine
biologist. The duties of the team are divided between the boat driver and the
observer. Periodically each tow the scientist in the boat will signal and stop
the boat and get the reading of the tow from the observer.
Each series of manta tow is coordinated by a team leader who is responsible
for the safety of personnel and for ensuring that the technique is conducted
proper way.
Chapter 4
14 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Equipment
Small boat with an outboard motor is used for towing observers.
A 15 meters rope connects the manta board to the boat (Fig. 1)
Manta board is 24 X 14 X 0.5 in. (length X breadth X thickness). It is
recommended that the board be made from marine ply.
The data sheets or observer record a set of biological variables and other
significant observations. (Table. 2)
Diagrammatic representations of coral cover categories are attached to
the board for observer reference (Fig. 2).
A pencil(s) is attached with light twine to the board.
The observer wears snorkeling equipment (mask, snorkel, and fins) and
for safety purposes a full-length dive suit and wear hood to avoid stings
and jellyfish.
Dive watch for timing the duration of tows.
Figure 3: Observer towed by boat over the reefs
15 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Figure 4: Diagrammatic representations of coral cover categories
16 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Table 2: Printed data sheets used by observers to record manta tow data
PNG MANTA TOW DATA SHEETS
Province:
Reef Name: Sample ID: Date:
Time: Climate: Observer:
Tow No. Live Coral Cover GPS (Southing,
Easting) Remarks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
…..
…..
17 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Manta Tow Site Selection
Before the survey is executed, the sites should be refered to an aerial map or
navigational map in order to have a reference of the area. Orient and discuss with
the skipper the dive sites and location of the reefs. The reefs will be surveyed by
manta tow if the skipper does not know the reefs.
Whole reef perimeters are surveyed where possible. Shoals and ill-defined areas
of reef, separated by deeper water, are not usually surveyed. Tows are carried
out from an easily identifiable point on the reef. This is particularly important when
resurvey of the reef is intended. A site would be marked by GPS for relocating
sites for the next survey. If there are two teams conducting the survey, the teams
should start from the same point and then proceed in opposite directions. Tows
are continued until the boats meet again. If it is not possible to complete a survey
in a single set of consecutive tows, marker buoys are left to denote where the
next set of tows will begin.
18 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Belt Transect Survey ……………………………………
Two steps of Resource Assessment and Management (RAM)
Surveys.
Step 1. Rapid Resource Assessement (RRA) = Spot survey by using
line transect line to obtain a broad qualitative picture of large areas in a
certain FMA on the selected dive sites with a total of 20 dives sites
sample from different macrohabitat should be survey.
Step 2. Full Resource Assessment Survey (FRA) = A thorough survey
using a line transect on all fishing reefs inside the respective boundary in
a FMA. Transects line must be laid systematically and objectively,
generally parallel to the reef edge, or stratified according to local habitat
features.
Area Cover and Duration of the Survey
Before each dive, the chief scientist must carry out an orientation and discussion
regarding the dive sites, climate, condition and safety procedures for the benefit
of the survey team and the boat captain.
The duration of the survey would depend the size of the reefs on a certain
boundary of the area. If possible, it is suggested that 20 percent of the total reef
area should be surveyed. In Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA), minimum dive
sites to be produced should not be lower in 20-dive sample in the project area.
A navigational map or a GIS map image is provided so that it will plan and identify
the dive site areas. It is highly recommended to survey and select sites that are
representative of different habitat types such as sea grass, sand, muddy bottom,
Chapter 5
19 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
rocky and coral reef. The survey should be conducted during diurnal and
nocturnal time. The purpose of this diurnal and nocturnal survey is to find at least
all aquarium species that are active both day and night.
Figure 5: Sample of dive sites for RRA and FRA.
20 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Categories of RAM Survey
5.A Diurnal survey is conducted any time from 8:00 in the morning until
4:00 in the afternoon.
5.B Nocturnal survey is conducted in two ways; but this is not
applicable in Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) survey.
5.B1. Early in the morning and late afternoon, this starts at 5:00 –
7:00 in the morning and 4:00 – 6:00 in the afternoon.
5.B2. Night Dive survey starts at 7:00 till 10:00 in the evening.
Before the survey start 1) Prepare datasheets (record the names of the Team Leader, Team
Scientist andTeam Members, as well as the date, site name and depth on
all data sheets and start to complete the Site Description Form to include
recording the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of your survey
site.
2) Prepare all necessary equipment.
1. Assign team members to survey tasks
There are many acceptable ways to divide up the survey tasks depending on the
skills of the team members and team size. Some team members will feel more
comfortable recording vertebrates (fish) or invertebrates, and others corals and
foodfish and Beche de Mer. Because each team will be different, the data
collection strategy should be adjusted to match the ability and experience of each
team member. The best quality data will be obtained by allowing an experienced
Team Leader or Team Scientist to assign tasks appropriate for each team
member. The Team Leader/Team Scientist must ensure that every team member
understands their assignment and is capable of carrying it out properly. It is
recommended to pairing up experienced survey officer with those with less
experience.
2. Prepare data sheets Prepare the data sheets and ensure that you have sufficient slates for all team
members. The number of slates and sheets will depend on the number of people
in each team. Every surveyor should have underwater slates to complete his or
her portion of the survey. Remember, for each site, you will need two (2)
21 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
complete sets of the opposite Belt Transect line at same depths. Only one Site
Description Form is needed.
3. Prepare all necessary equipment Prepare and distribute all equipment used during a RAM survey as follows:
GPS or nautical chart to mark position of survey.
Transect Lines: Recommend using a 100 m fiberglass measuring tape
with a hand crank. Alternatively, you can easily make a transect line by
placing meter marks on plastic rope using colored wire or tags.
Underwater Slates with pencil attached: Teams may use underwater
slate/s. These may be pre-printed with the required template using a
permanent felt pen (slates) or laser printer.
Plumb Line: String (1.5-2 m) with a small weight (e.g. fishing sinker) for
the Substrate Survey. Note that a standard builder’s plumb “bob” (weight)
is larger and heavier than needed.
Safety Gear: Dive flag, sunscreen, a First Aid kit, and plenty of water.
Laying Down the Transect Line (100 meters long)
Before each survey, the site should be mark by GPS for reference purposes.
Marking each site by GPS would also make it easy to locate the next dive site for
the next survey. It is usually convenient that the fish observer lay’s the transect
line while counting and identifying fish and recording the data using the stop-
swim method to avoid disturbing the fish while recording data. Seconded by the
inverts observer and, Beche de mer, substrates and corals observer. While the
last observer collects the transect line (always observed dive buddy system). The
transect line should be laid parallel to the shoreline and as close to the coral reef
substratum as possible. It must follow the coral reef contour and as much as
possible at uniform depth. When the reef forms spurs-and-grooves, transect line
should follow the contour as long as the path of the transect line does not
overlap. Otherwise, it can run down the spurs. The belt transect surveys should
be laid in all surveys type of substrates (reef, mud, seagrass, sand) to get the
area cover of all sites for analysis purposes. Belts transect line survey covers 100
m long, 5 m wide (2.5 m on each side) and 5 m above the line (fig. 3) all
aquarium invertebrates, fish, corals, substrates and all seafood’s, sea cucumber
are identifies and counted. Beach, shallow reefs (3-5 meters), reef crest (6-10
meters) or in a flat reefs are the reef zone to be surveyed (fig. 4). At the depth of
16 to 30 meters, a free surveys would be done like time swim (6 minutes)
22 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
and identifying and counting some key species only of fish, inverts, beche de
mer, seafoods, corals. In laying a transect line it is advisable to laid a transect line
once in a separated reefs or a small reefs (120-200 meters)
Table 3:Type of marine habitat and reef zone with the type of data collected
Types of coral reef resources surveyed
Reef Zone
Aquarium Fish
Aquarium Invertebrates
Sea foods
Type of Substrates
Corals Beche-me-der
Shore (>1M)
N/A N/A N/A
Shallow (2-5 m)
Were necessary
Reef Crest/ Flat (6-15 m)
Depth (<16 M)
X X X X X X
Figure 6: Basic Resource and Management Survey (imaginary tunnel underwater)
23 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Figure 7: RAM survey dive sites in different habitats and reef zones
Naming the Dive Site
Site description should be filled-up before each survey, take notes on the
coordinates (GPS) to mark the positions of the dive site. Labeling the reefs name
is important. The proper way to label each site is “the full name of the reef+site
number and team_type of the reefs+replicate/s (e.g. DaugoIsland1A_SH1).
Survey of Aquarium Fish Species
The observer swims slowly along the transect line first, stopping at regular
intervals to count fishes and allow cryptic species to come out of hiding. Size and
abundance of each species on the survey are recorded.
When a school of fish exceeds 50 individuals, an imaginary quadrant over the
school will be used. Count the abundance of fish in that section and then scale up
the count accordingly. Estimate size from the tip of the caudal fin (tail) to the tip of
the snout (total length) to the nearest centimeter. Count first the fast and easy to
24 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
hide fish, before the slow moving and stand still fishes.
Survey of Aquarium Invertebrates and Corals Species
After the transect line is laid, the second observer slowly swims along the
transect line. All possible marine aquarium species within the 2.5 meters of both
side of the line should be recorded and counted. Organisms are counted and/or
sized in centimeters within these dimensions of the survey.
Table 4: List of invertebrates under the trade to be measured
All anemones
Some species of Sea stars (Linkia spp, Choriaster spp, Culcita spp, Echinaster spp, Gomophia spp, Protoreaster spp)
All Sea Cucumbers
All Hard and Soft Corals
Figure 8: Marine non-coral invertebrates to be measured during RAM survey.
5.1 Inter-Tidal and Beach Survey
Inter-tidal or in beach surveys are used to survey marine aquarium invertebrates
and mostly clown fishes. It is part of the reef where an observer can walk along
the beach or can snorkel from a 1meter depth. A transect line (100 meters) will be
deployed to get the survey area covered. All aquarium invertebrates that are
inside the 2.5 meters in each side of the transect line are counted and identified.
The transect line is divided into four segments that are used as statistical
25 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
replicates. Replicates extend over the following lengths of the transect line: 0-20
m, 25-45 m, 50-70 m and 75-95m.
Logistics
Transect lines will be laid and if possible 2 transect lines laid in every
kilometer of the area. This method will be used for further analysis of the
data.
The surveyor should wear booties to avoid any danger/puncture from
dangerous animals or broken glass/bottles, nails etc.
Underwater slates are used to write the data gathered. Rocks will be
checked to find hiding invertebrates and sea cucumber.
5.2 Reef Flat or Shallow Zone Survey
Reef flat zone of marine ecosystems mostly consist of mixed sand, corals, rocks
coral rubble zone. It is sometimes muddy when it is near a river or mangroves
forest area. Mostly, sea grass grows in the depth of 1 to 4 meters deep. A
number of aquarium plants and animals, including fishes, sponges, marine
worms, crustaceans, seashells, sea stars, holothurians, and nudibranchs/sea
slugs are abundant in this area.
In this zone, snorkeling survey are carried out to gather data in a depth of 2-4
meters. A belt transect line are laid to get the 100 meters in one total survey area
cover. All marine aquarium fish and invertebrates are counted, identified and
measured within 2.5 meters at both side of the transect line.
When a school of fish exceeds 50 individuals, practice visually superimposing an
imaginary quadrant over the school.
5.3 Reef Crest Survey
26 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Belt transect line are used to survey aquarium fish and invertebrates in this
habitat at the depth of 5 to 10 meters depth. A substrate data point should be
gathered in every .05 meters along the transect lines.
Team members are advised to estimate the width using their extended arm
lengths from the transect line during field exercises.
A survey site in a kilometer of reef front should have get a dive sample belts
transect surveys: one in 5-7 m depth and another in 8-10 m depth. For wide reefs
(>100 m wide), two parallel belt transects are recommended for every 100 m
increment of coral reef.
Logistics
Transect lines will be laid and if possible 2 transect lines laid in every
kilometer of the area. This method will be used for further analysis of the
data.
The scientist should use SCUBA gear to conduct surveys.
Underwater Slates is used to write the data gathered.
5.4 Substrate Survey
The goal of the substrate survey is to determine the health of the coral reef based
from the cover data. For this purpose, each transect line will be point-sampled at
0.5 m intervals. To reduce bias, it is useful to carry a 5-mm diameter nut or other
small metal object tied onto a 3-m cotton or nylon string for use as a "plumb-line."
The substrate type is recorded at 0.5 m intervals along the line, i.e., at: 0.0 m, 0.5
m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m etc. up to 19.5 m (40 data points for every 20-m transect
segment). The observer should stop at every 0.5 m and record the substrate at
that point. (0.0 m, 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, etc… 19.5 m). The use of the plumb line
prevents parallax error of surveyors who are swimming above the substrate.
Plumb lines are useful in cases where the transect line is hanging above the
substratum and swinging back and forth with the surge. Dropping the plumb line
at the designated mark eliminates any choice in where to measure. See Table 5
27 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
for substrate category abbreviations below.
Table 5: Coral reef health substratum survey categories and code
Abbreviation Substratum Category
H C Hard Coral
S C Soft Bodied Coral
S G Seagrass
R K C Recently killed coral
A L Algae
S P Sponges
R C Rock
R B Rubble
28 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Abbreviation Substratum Category
S D Sand
S I Silt
O T Others (Sessile organisms and non living substrata)
Category Guidelines for Determining Substratum Types: (Note that these are
practical definitions and not geotechnical ones.)
Hard coral: include fire coral (Millepora), blue coral (Heliopora) and organ
pipe coral (Tubipora) as well as all types of “reef builders”.
Soft coral: include zoanthids, but not sea anemones (which is under
"others”).
Seagrass: all species of seagrass, not to be confused with algae.
Recently killed coral: record coral that has died within the past year. The
coral may be standing or broken into pieces, but appears recently killed.
(Coral is white, structurally intact, only partially overgrown by algal turf,
etc.) This will be particularly important in detecting the possible impacts of
cyanide and the evidence of dynamite use.
Algae: do not include coralline or turf algae in this category.
Sponge: all sponges (but no tunicates) are included.
Rock: any hard substratum whether it is covered in algae (turf or
encrusting coralline), barnacles, oysters or other organisms is placed in
this category. Rock will also include dead coral that is more than about 1
year old, i.e., worn down so that few coral structures are visible, and
covered with a thick layer of encrusting organisms and/or algae.
29 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Rubble: includes rocks (often laying over sand) between 0.5 and 15 cm
diameter. If it is larger than 15 cm, it is rock; if smaller than 0.5 cm, then it
is considered as sand.
Sand: smaller than 0.5 cm and falls quickly to the bottom after being re-
suspended.
Silt/clay: sediment that remains in suspension if disturbed.
Others: any other sessile organism including sea anemones (which are
also included in the invertebrate belt), tunicates, gorgonians or nonliving
substrata.
5.5 Night Surveys
The goal of night survey is to find the nocturnal species under the aquarium
trade. This methodology could be quite dangerous other scientists do not
recommend night surveys. For this circumstance, night surveys are suggested in
order to get a census of available species. At least 6-10 night dives should be
carried out in a certain area along the survey timeline duration. Night dives should
be executed during calm conditions of the sea.
Logistics:
GPS to mark the position of the dive sites.
Complete dive gear and preferably all divers would wear hoods.
All divers should have a torch or flashlight with new batteries. Each diver
should also have a secondary torch.
Transect Line: A 100-meter fiberglass measuring tape.
Underwater Slates with pencil and spare.
Buoys and plumb line with torch lowered under water as a light guide of
divers back to the boat.
Whistle attach to the BCD.
Tank banger/Shaker
First Aid Kit
Communication (radio, moblile phone), establish a contact line with an in
land base personnel just in case of emergency.
Fresh cloths and warm towels.
Tool box
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Following activities and safety procedure during Night Dive Survey.
A. Before the Dive:
a. Be sure the boat has enough fuel for the destination dive site/s. Having
extra fuel is also recommended.
b. Check all gear and equipment before jumping in the water.
c. Lower the underwater guide lights at the bottom of the boat.
d. There should always a standby diver in the boat.
e. Mark the dive site with GPS.
f. If the current is strong abort the dive and transfer to protected or inner
reefs.
B. During the Dive:
a. Secure boat in the target reef or site by anchoring.
b. Check all gear before the dive (checklist).
c. Dive buddy system is strictly implemented. Check your dive buddy
regularly.
d. Fish observers must first do one at each side of the transect line due to
limited vision and lay the transect line while counting and identifying the
nocturnal fish.
e. Followed by invertebrates’ observers.
f. All night active marine aquarium fish and invertebrates species should be
identify and counted only.
g. Avoid touching anything to avoid accidents. Beware of dangerous sea
creatures such as eels which are very aggressive at night and other
nocturnal feeders, sea snakes (they are attracted to lights) jelly fishes,
shark, stonefish etc. Be watchful but don’t panic, turn off the torch and
move 3-4 meter away.
h. Swim 2 meters adjacent to your buddy and maintain that distance, both
must always be within the sight of each other until the dive is finished.
i. You must always be aware of your position in relation to where the boat is
anchored so returning to the boat would not be very difficult especially in
emergency situations.
j. Always control buoyancy. Don’t panic, stay relaxed and maintain normal
breathing.
31 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
C. After the Dive:
a. Check your dive buddy and ascend together.
b. Once the diver is on the boat, immediately change to warm dry clothing.
c. Check all equipments, data sheets, dive buddies before leave the dive
sites.
Survey on Corals, Zoanthids, Coralliomorpharians and other Polyps for Aquarium
Approximately 500 species of corals are known from Indo-Pacific to the richest
area is centered around Australia, Indonesia and including Papua New Guinea
where about 70 percent of the species are found. So, in this manual all corals
under the coral trade are surveyed to gather information on the species
availability and population, around PNG seawaters.
During the survey, corals will also be assisted. All possible corals for the market
are counted and measured.
The imaginary quadrant method for clumped corals such as Goniopora, Diaceris,
Polyphyllia and Fungia are used. (Use body length as a tool to visually
superimpose imaginary quadrats with a maximum size of 2.5 by 2.5 m,
depending on area coverage of both side of the transect line.) Count and size
normally when they are not clumped. Measure the length along the longest
aspect of the corals.
Record the abundance in the size classes: ≤ 5 cm, 6-15 cm, 16-25 cm, 26-50 cm
and more than 50 cm. (These are the size categories used in the trade.).
32 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Table 6: Coral data sheet for coral survey
Names of Corals, Zoanthids &
Polyps Size Class Counts Remarks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Legends:
5 cm = A 16-25 = C 50 above = E
6-16 cm = B 26-50 = D
33 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Sea Food Survey ………………………………………...
Fish and Invertebrate Food Survey
During transect surveys, divers swim throughout a dive site and record all
observed fish species that can be positively identified. All seafood’s are listed in a
sheet form and only the counts are recorded. The goal is to have an idea of the
status of the reefs species for food.
Food Fish
Surgeon fishes, Rabbit fishes, sweet lips, eels, grouper, trevallies, snapper,
fusiliers, emperor fishes, goatfishes, parrot fishes, surgeonfish, triggerfish and
other fish for food. The search for fish begins as soon as the observer lays a
transect line during the gathering of the marine aquarium species.
Other Food Fish
All seafood’s that are under local PNG people diets are surveyed such as
lobsters, squids, cuttlefish, crabs, octopuses, shells and other seafood’s are
recorded and identified also for future reference and data analysis. All seafood
are identified and counted also.
Chapter 6
34 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Table 7: Food Fish data sheet
Province: Reef Name: Date:
Time: Climate: Observer:
Transect Orientation:
Name of Food Fish Count
Name of Other
Seafood’s (Lobsters,
Cuttlefish, Octopus)
Count
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
Remarks:
Sea Cucumber (Beche de Mer) Survey
Sea cucumbers are found beneath rocks, sandy bottoms, everywhere from the
inter-tidal zone to the deepest parts of the ocean. Sea cucumber or beche-de-
mer is one of the main livelihoods of the fishermen around PNG. But due to the
abundance these organisms are easily collected. Although reproduction is very
slow, harvesting of sea cucumbers are unlimited due mainly to its economical
value. Often price is a powerful drive to overexploitation. On the other hand, the
economic importance of targeted beche-de-mer is also an incentive to develop
management strategies to make fishing sustainable especially when properly
explained to local stakeholders.
35 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Gathering of data are done alongside the survey of marine aquarium fish and
invertebrates. All species of sea cucumber are counted and identified. All sea
cucumbers are measured at the dorsal vertically from mouth to the anus. Habitats
of the sea cucumber are also recorded.
Table 8: Beche-de-mer data sheet
Name of Reefs:__________________________
Date:__________________________________ Observer: ______________________________
Climate:_______________ Transect Orientation: _____ GPS: ________________
Transect Line No. _______________
List of Species Counts Size Type of Habitats
1 Amberfish (Thelenota anax)
2 Black Teatfish (Holothuria nobilis)
3 Blackfish (Actinopyga miliaris)
4 Brown Sandfish (Bohadschia vitiensis)
5 Chalkfish (Bohadschia similis)
6 Curryfish (Stichopus hermanni)
7 Deep-water Redfish (Actinopyga echinites)
8 Dragonfish (Stichopus horrens)
9 Elephant Trunkfish (Holothuria fuscopunctata)
10 Flowerfish (Pearsonothuria graeffei)
11 Greenfish (Stichopus chloronotus)
12 Lollyfish (Holothuria atra)
13 Pinkfish (Holothuria edulis)
14 Frickly Redfish (Thelenota ananas)
15 Sandfish (Holothuria scabra)
16 Snakefish (Holothuria coluber)
17 Stonefish (Actinopyga lecanora)
18 Surf Redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana)
19 Tigerfish (Bohadschia argus)
20 White Teatfish (Holothuria fuscogiva)
21 Papillate Sea Cucumber (Holothuria hilla)
22 (Holothuria noctivagus)
23 Black-fringed Sea Cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota)
24 Red-lined Sea Cucumber (Thelenota rubralineata)
25 (Holothuria erinacae)
36 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Other Endangered Species Any species of sea turtles, sharks, sea cow/Manatees, Giant Clams, and other
endangered species listed in CITES seen during the survey should also be
recorded and identified for future references and analysis.
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Data Banking and Analysis…………………….
Each team member should quickly transcribe the data into a notebook before it is
transcribed in a computer. All data should be entered into a database or
spreadsheet format. A TAC (Total Allowable Catch) will be produced in every
area or by reef owned clan/family. All areas will be surveyed once a year in
different different seasons (starts of winter and summer) to find-out the spawning
period and new coming recruits. After 3-4 years of successive surveys a
permanent TAC will produce.
The total allowable catch (TAC) is the number of organisms of a certain species
that can be harvested in a body of water that still allows that species’ population
to be viable. If fishing of this particular species does not go beyond the TAC
figure, then the species is being collected in a sustainable manner and it would
continue to provide steady income to the fishers.
Determining Total Allowable Catch for Aquarium Fish and Invertebrates in a new open area/s.
The total allowable catch is a portion of a targeted species’ standing
stocks/population or a level of harvest that is deemed sustainable to harvest.
Fishery models in combination with available catch records are used to estimate
a portion of population or a level of fishing that can be sustainably harvested. On
the other hand, fishing limits for aquarium invertebrates are set at 20%of local
stock until the availability of enough size class data for natural mortality analyses
of which FiSAT will be use to calculate the relative-yield-per-recruit analysis. .
Chapter 7
38 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Calculating Total Stock Abundances The abundances of aquarium stocks in an area were estimated based on
average densities, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval and the coral reef
area. The coral reef areas are estimated from GIS satellite maps and available
navigational maps. Obvious species that lived in a specific habitat or substrate,
the size on coral reef area has to calculate separately to produce a separate
TAC.
Total Allowable Catch (TAC) Based on MAQTRAC calculations. It is one of the key management interventions in the area management plan.
Catch limits, as a management tool is deemed appropriate in the NFA/ECOEZ
certification program with the order system being implemented. In this system,
only species ordered by exporters are fished. This is to avoid wastage of
unwanted species.
Fishing limits for fish are determined from the estimates of natural mortality rates.
These natural mortality rates (M) are used to estimate total allowable catch as
suggested by various fisheries literature for these species. Natural mortality rates
are calculated using Pauly’s empirical equation using data on growth rates (k),
length infinity (L∞) and water temperature from various species with adequate
size class data. As much as possible, estimates are determined for various
species representing different families. These estimates are later applied for
other species in the same families and/or ecologically similar species.
On the other hand, fishing limits for aquarium invertebrates were set at 20% of
local stock until the availability of enough size class data for natural mortality
analyses.
In both fish and invertebrate aquariums, the fishings limits are indicated as
ranges (from average density and 95% confidence interval) given the variability of
stock abundance estimates. In the other hand, aquarium species that has no
TAC will be use the 20% of the standing TAC of the nearby project site. This
entire species should be noted for the next year re-survey. And the survey team
should be set as a priority to find all species that have no TAC in their natural
39 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
habitat to identify and documented.
Yield-per-recruit analysis
Population parameters (growth, mortality and relative yield-per-recruit estimation)
were derived for various species that had representative (recruits, juveniles and
adults of ideally 150 to 200 individuals) size class data using FiSAT software.
(The FiSat software can be downloaded free of charge from the website
http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/fisat/downloads.htm. Length-at-first capture data
(the smallest size of the species collected in the trade) was obtained from catch
records of fishermen. The latter data is important in relative-yield-per-recruit
analysis.
The following is a guideline in natural mortality estimation and relative yield-per-
recruit analysis for fish and invertebrates (except corals) using FiSat software:
1. Use size class data that range from recruits to adults and ideally with a
total of 150-200 individuals.
2. Group size data into classes. We recommend 1 cm groupings for
damselfishes and other fishes that have a maximum size around 5 to 6 cm; 2
to 3 cm groupings for anemonefishes; 3 to 4 cm groupings for butterflyfishes
and other fishes that have maximum size from 15 to 20 cm; and 5 cm
groupings for the bigger angelfishes (e.g. Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus) and
other fishes with maximum size more than 20 cm. (Encode data in the
necessary query in FiSat.);
3. To estimate the growth coefficient k and L-infinity, go to (a) Assess query;
(b) to Direct fit of length frequency data; (c) to ELEFAN 1; and then (d) k
scan;
4. To estimate total mortality rate (Z), go to (a) Assess; then to (b) Mortality
Estimation; then to (c) Z from steady-state sample; then to (d) Length
converted catch curve; and then to (e) Catch Curve;
40 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
5. To estimate natural mortality rate (M), go to (a) Assess; then to (b)
Mortality Estimation; then to (c) Natural Mortality; and then to (d) Pauly’s M
equation. Use 280C for temperature in tropical situations. The inverse of this
natural mortality M is a provisional catch limit expressed as % of the standing
stock.
For a fishery with historical catch records proceed to yield-per-recruit
analysis:
6. Calculate separately the ratio of M/k and lc/L-infinity. The number lc is the
smallest size collected for that species in the ornamental trade.
7. To do relative yield-per-recruit analysis, go to (a) Assess; then to (b)
Beverton-Holt Y/R Analysis; then to (c) Knife-edge; and then (d) fill-in the
value M/k and lc/L-infinity.
8. Note the reference points E10, E50 and Emax.
Marine Aquarium target classifications based on Ecology and their TAC implementation
7.2A Targeted Aquarium Species List (TASL)
The species under this list are collected. This list includes all species
under the demand and currently traded species on aquarium trade.
Classes of Targeted Aquarium Species List (TASL)
1. Class A = High-end species, and Endemic/localized species of
the country and most demand species in the trade
2. Class B = “Bread and butter species” or the common species
on the aquarium trade.
3. Class C = New introduce species in the aquarium trade
7.2B Banned Species List (BSL)
The species under this list are prohibited to collect. This list includes
all species under Convention on the International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES) list and species under Red-list in
41 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Papua New Guinea. This is also the local prohibited species in area
and banned species by NFA.
All Sea Horses Species (Hippocampus)
All Giant Clams Species (Tridacnids)
Hemiscyllium strahani (Hooded Epaulette Shark)
All Sea Cucumber (by Season)
7.2C Unsuitable Species List (USL)
The species of marine aquarium that would not survive in captivity,
and therefore it is recommended that they should not be fished. From
a scientific perspective, the USL should include species that have low
survivorship in captivity (e.g. coral eaters,).
Angelfishes;
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus; Queen Angelfish
Apolemicthys trimaculatus; Flagfin Angelfish over 5 inches
Pygoplites diacanthus; Regal Angelfish over 5 inches
Butterflyfises;
Chaetodon baronessa; Baroness butterflyfish
Chaetodon bennetti; Bennetti’s Butterflyfish
Chaetodon meyeri; Meyer’s Butterflyfish
Chaetodon octofasciatus; Eight Banded Butterflyfish
Chaetodon ornatissimus; Ornate Butterflyfish
Chaetodon plebeius; Blue-blotch Butterflyfish
Chaetodon reticulatus; Reticulated Butterflyfish
Chaetodon speculum; Ovalspot Butterflyfish
Chaetodon triangulum; Triangular Butterflyfish
Chaetodon trifasciatus / lunulatus; Melon Butterflyfish
Chaetodon trifascialis; Chevroned Butterflyfish
Parachaetodon occellatus; Occelated Butterflyfish
Wrasses:
Labroides dimidiatus; Cleaner Wrasse
42 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Misc. species
Oxymonacanthus longirostris; Harlequin/Orange-spot filefish
Plectorhincus chaetodonoides; Harlequin/Clown Sweetlips
Pseudanthias tuka; Purple Queen Anthias
Aeoliscus strigatus; Razorfish
Sea Slug/Nudibrach:
Bornella anguilla; Slippery Bornella
Cheilodonura electra; Electric Tailed Slug
Chelidonura inornata; Inormate Tailed Slug
Chromodoris bullocki; Antenna Purple Nudibranch
Chromodoris egrettae; Egrett's Chromodoris
Chromodoris elizabethina; Elizabeth's Chromodoris
Chromodoris geometrica; Geometric Chromodoris
Chromodoris kuiteri; Antenna Orange Nudibranch
Chromodoris kuniei; Kuniei's Chromodoris
Chromodoris lochi; Antenna White Nudibranch
Chromodoris magnifica; Magnificent Sea Slug
Chromodoris quadricolor; Antenna Multicolor Nudibranch
Chromodoris sp; Assorted Colors Slugs
Chromodoris strigata; Strigate Chromodoris
Coriocella nigra; Black Coriocella
Dematobranchus sp; Speckled Dematobranchus
Flabellina bilas; Bilas Flabellina
Flabellina exoptata; Desired Flabellina
Glossodoris atromarginata; Black-Margined Glossodoris
Halgerda aurantiomaculata; Gold-Spotted Halgerda
Hexabranchus sanguineus; Giant Spanish Dancer
Jorunna funebris; Jorunna's Sea Slug
Notodoris gardeneri; Yellow Sea Slug
Notodoris sp; Winged Notodoris
Philinopsis gardineri; Gardener's Tailed Slug
Phyllidia arabica; Black Nudibranch (Assorted)
Phyllidia babai; Baba's Phyllidia
Phyllidia coelestis; Celestrial Phyllidia
Phyllidia elegans; White Nudibranch (Assorted)
Phyllidia ocellata; Ocellate Phyllidia
Phyllidia pustulosa; Pustolose Phyllidia
43 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Phyllidia sp; Red Turtle Nudibranch
Phyllidia willani; Willan's Phyllidia/ Slug
Phyllidiopsis shireenae; Shiren's Phyllidiopsis
Plakobranchus sp; Hooded Plakobranchus
Pteraeolidia ianthina; Violet Pteraeolidia
Nembrotha lineolata; Lined Nembrotha
Reticulidia fungia; Abstract Reticulidia
Reticulidia halgerda; Decorated Reticulidia
Robastra arika (Roboastra); Black Nudibranch / Green Nudibranch
Robastra sp. (Roboastra); Green Nudibranch
Risbecia imperialis; Imperial Risbecia
Staylocheilus longicauda (Stylocheilus); Sea Hare Algae Slug
7.2D Limited To Catch Species List (LCSL)
The species that can be fished but whose fishing should be closely
monitored. The species under in this list should have limited TAC due
to the very slow production of its own species and it’s very slow to
grow. From a scientific perspective, the LCSL should include species
that direct habitat of fish and invertebrates (e.g. anemones,). Under
this list also are species that have very small abundance seen during
the survey or hard to find (e.g. zebra octopus, flamboyant cuttlefish,
wobbegong and some species of shark). For Leopard and White-Tip
shark, it is inforce in getting a special permit in National Fisheries
Authority to export this marine aquarium species.
Table 9: List of limited to catch marine aquarium species
Scientific name Common name
Heteractis aurora Sand Anemone
Heteractis crispa Sand Anemone
Heteractis magnifica Purple Base Anemone
Heteractis sp. Clown Anemone
44 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Scientific name Common name
Macrodactylia dorensis Base Anemone
Stichodactyla gigantea Giant Carpet Anemone
Stichodactyla haddoni Carpet Anemone
Stichodactyla mertensis Merten’s Carpet Anemone
Stichodactyla sp. Multicolor Carpet Anemone
Stegostosoma fasciatus Leopard Shark
Eucrossohirus dasypogon Tasselled Wobbegong
Octopus zebra Zebra Octopus
Triaenodon obesus White-Tip Shark
7.2E Dangerous Species List (DSL)
The species on this list should be avoided. Some of this species are
deadly and therefore no TAC, this is provided for the fishermen not to
fish these kinds of species.
The following species classified according to the level of danger;
DSL with TAC
Blue Ringed Octopus (= with a beak that can penetrate a wet suit,
they are one little cute creature to definitely look at BUT don’t
touch. The blue-ringed octopus is the size of a golf ball but sits
poison is powerful enough to kill an adult human in minutes.
There's no known antidote. Residing in rock pools and coral, the
blue ring octopus' rings will "glow" an electric blue when provoked
or is on the defense. This is when it is most dangerous, especially
to children, as it looks very pretty and harmless.
Species Description
45 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Hapalochlaena lunulata Which is the larger and grows up to 20cm (8 in) across its stretched tentacles.
Hapalochlaena maculosa
Is small and more common, weighing a mere 28 grams (1 oz) found in the shallow coral and rock pools
Cone Shells = Look very pretty, but several types are known to be
very dangerous to humans. The venom of some contains the most
potent neurotoxins known to man.
Lion Fish = Lionfish have venomous fin spines that can produce
painful puncture wounds. Fatalities, however, are rare. The fish
have elongated dorsal fin spines and enlarged pectoral fins, and
each species has a pattern of zebra like stripes.
Selected Stone Fish (Synanceia verrucosa)= With 13 dorsal
spines that release a poisonous toxin when pressed, the Stonefish
can inflict excruciating pain and possible death to the unwary.
They dwell on stony, muddy bottom areas. Visitors walking on the
beaches (especially at low tide) should always wear covered
shoes with a sturdy sole.
DSL with NO TAC
Sea Snakes = Approx 15 species of sea snakes can be found on
the reef. ALL OF THEM PRODUCE LETHAL VENOM. Having
small fangs, they are not normally aggressive. There have been no
reported deaths from sea snakes, however they should still be
treated with respect.
Stingrays = Fatalities reported from stingray deaths are few and
far between. Barbs on the stingrays' tail whip up when trodden on
and can inflict serious lacerations and deep wounds. Tetanus is
also a possibility if the wound becomes infected.
46 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Marine Aquarium Survey Data Storage …………….
The data format should include information on the area, site name, GPS reading
(decimal degrees or DD format), observer, date of survey, fishing (yes or no), (on-
site description worksheet), species, size estimate, count and special remarks (on
the data input worksheet). The fish and invertebrate data on overall coral reef
health should be recorded and associated with the same GPS coordinates as the
aquarium data. Posters for each area will provide a poster of aquarium fish,
unsuitable species list (USL), Mobile and Sessile invertebrates.
The data will be stored at EcoEZ and TRADE database. Any parties wanting to
access/have a copy of the data should have an accord signed by Director of
ECOEZ for any use of the data based in the agreement.
Chapter 8
47 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Equipment Record Maintenance and Inventory……. Scientific Diving
Standards for Equipment Use
Educational technology equipment is typically purchased with EcoEZ funds
earmarked for instruction. For this reason, usage for administrative and record
keeping functions is restricted. When equipment is purchased for RAM survey
the equipment must be protected and maintain up to the lifespan duration.
Purchase Guidelines
All equipment purchased with EcoEZ funds must be in accordance with the
regulations of the funding source. The equipment purchased must be reasonable
and necessary to effectively operate the program.
Recipients will be required to maintain inventory as per the Inventory Guidelines
listed below and follow local inventory policies and procedures.
For those recipients utilizing Kina, Pesos, and Dollars for equipment, an EcoEZ
Application for Authorization of Expenditures form for prior approval of equipment
purchases must be submitted. Supporting invoices and the serial number for
equipment with a “per-unit” cost. For those equipments without receipts or lost,
the recipient should provide an oath about the equipment purchased with
signature attach provided with witness signature.
Inventory Control Guidelines
Chapter 9
48 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
All capital outlay (equipment) units is subject to the following inventory
management and control requirements:
1. Inventory must be current and available for review and audit. The following
information must be included in the recipient’s inventory records:
a. A description of the equipment.
b. A serial number, model number, or other identification number.
c. The funding source and percentage under which the equipment was
acquired.
d. The acquisition date and unit cost.
e. The source of equipment (company name, where purchased).
f. The present location, use, condition of the equipment, and date the
information was reported.
g. All pertinent information on the final transfer, replacement, or disposition
of the equipment.
2. Inventory must be updated as equipment items are purged or new purchases
are made.
3. Equipment items purchased with funds are to be identified and physically
marked as such.
4. Adequate safeguards must be in place related to the loss, damage, or theft of
the equipment. Any loss, damage, or theft should be investigated and fully
documented.
5. Adequate maintenance procedures should be implemented to keep the
equipment in good condition.
6. A physical inventory of equipment items must be taken and the results
reconciled with the inventory records at least twice anually.
49 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
50 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Table 10: RAM inventory equipment.
Table 11: RAM Equipment Maintenance Records.
RAM TEAM WEEKLY EQUIPMENT MAINTAINANCE RECORD
As of____________ 2009
Boat
Checking done
Status Recommendation REMARKS/Notes
1 Seasmart 1(petrol)
2 Fuel hose
3 Fuel tanks
4 12SM battery
5 Ignition key
6 Rope & anchor
7 Seasmart2 (diesel)
8 Fuel hose
9 Fuel tanks
10 Refuelling container
INVENTORY OF RAM EQUIPMENT
RAM Division
Issued To
Date of Purchased
Item Qty Serial Number/Model
Number CODE
# Durability Status
A. Computer and Laptop
B. Dive Gear
C. Other Equipment
51 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
RAM TEAM WEEKLY EQUIPMENT MAINTAINANCE RECORD
11 Ignition key
12 Rope & anchor
13 UHF/VHF radio receiver
14 Handheld radio
15 Battery charger
Vehicle
16 CAR 945
Air Compressor
17 Electric Compressor
18 Diesel Compressor
Dive Gear
19 Scuba Tanks
20 Regulators
21 BCD
22 Wet suit
23 Torch 1
24 Torch 2
25 Search light
26 Slates
27 Mask/Snorkle
Check by:
Disposition Guidelines
The disposition/transfer of equipment policy applies to any equipment item that is
obsolete, not repairable, damaged, destroyed, lost, or stolen. This policy covers
any equipment item purchased by a recipient with EcoEZ funds.
Equipment Transfer
When original or replacement equipment acquired is no longer needed for the
52 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
original project or program, the equipment may be transferred and used in other
projects or programs currently or previously funded EcoEZ. Recipients must
request approval from the Project Director in the to transfer items of equipment to
different programs. Permission to transfer items from inventory will be granted
following review and approval of the recipient’s request.
Bibliography
MAQTRAC (Marine Aquarium Trade Coral Reef Monitoring) Gregor Hodgson and
Domingo Ochavillo; April 2006.
Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources.
Queensland Marine Aquarium Fish And Coral Collecting, Aquarium Fish and
Coral Fisheries Working Group
53 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Identification References ………………………………..
Advanced Marine Aquarium Techniques; Jay F. Hemdal; © 2006.
Angelfishes, A Comprehensive Guide To Pomacanthidae; Helmut Debelius,
Hiroyuki Tanaka & Rudie H. Kuiter; © 2003.
Angelfishes Of The World; Kiyoshi Endo, © 2007.
Coral Reefs Animals Of The Indo-Pacific; Terence M. Gosliner, David W.
Behrens, and Gary C. Williams, © 1996.
Discover Loloata Island, Marine Life Guide To Papua New Guinea, Neville
Coleman, © 1998.
www.fishbase.org
Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Field Guide; Dr. Gerald R. Allen and Roger Steene, ©
2003.
Giant Clams In The Sea And The Aquarium, James Fatherree, © 2006
Marine Fisher, 500+ Essential-to-know Aquarium Species, Scott W. Michael,
© 1999.
Marine Invertebrates, 500+ Essential-to-know Aquarium Species, Ronald L.
Shimek, Ph.D, © 2004.
Reef Fish Identification Tropical Pacific, Dr. Gerald Allen, Roger Steene, Paul
Humann, and Ned Deloach, © 2003.
Sharks & Rays, Elasmobranch Guide Of The World, Ralf M. Hennemann, ©
2007.
The Marine Life of Bootless Bay of Papua New Guinea, Mark Baine and
David Harasti, © 2007.
54 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendices
55 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
I. MARINE AQUARIUM SPECIES MASTERLIST
Appendix 1: Marine Aquarium Species Masterlist
PNG MARINE AQUARIUM VERTEBRATES SPECIES
Scientific Name Common Trade Name Common Name 2 Other Traded
Name Group Classification
Abalistes stellaris Starry Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Ablabys taenianotus Cockatoo Waspfish Waspfish TASL
Abudefduf lorenzii Lorenzi Damselfish Black-Tail Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL
Abudefduf sexfasciatus Scissortail Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL
Abudefduf sordidus Blackspot Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL
Abudefduf vaigiensis Indo-Pacific Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL
Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Spiny Chromis Damselfish TASL
Acanthurus albipectoralis Whitefin Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus bariene Black-Spot Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus blochii Ringtail Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus dussumieri Eyestripe Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus fowleri Fowler's Surgeonfish Blackspine Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus grammoptilus Fine-Lined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus guttatus Whitespotted Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus leucocheilus Palelipped Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus lineatus Lineatus Tang Lined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus maculiceps White-Freckled Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus mata Yellowmask Surgeonfish Elongate Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus nigricans Whitecheek Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus nigricauda Epaulette Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus nigrofuscus Brown Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus nigroris Nigroris Tang Blue-lined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus nubilus Nubilus Tang Bluelined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus olivaceus Shoulder Tang Orangespot Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus pyroferus Chocolate Tang Mimic Surgeonfiish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus thompsoni Thompson's Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus triostegus Convict Tang Convict Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acanthurus xanthopterus Yellowfin Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Acreichthys tomentosus Bristle-tail Filefish Filefish TASL
Aeoliscus strigatus Razorfish Razorfish USL
Aioliops megastigma Mini Dartfish Dartfish TASL
Aipysurus laevis Saddleback Grouper Grouper TASL
Alectis ciliaris African Pompano Pompano TASL
Aluterus scriptus Scrawled Filefish Filefish TASL
Amanses scopas Broom Filefish Triggerfish TASL
Amblycirrhitus bimacula 2-Spot Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Amblyeleotris fasciata Red-Banded Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris fontanesii Giant Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris guttata Spotted Prawn-Goby Spotted Shrimpgoby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris gymnocephala
Masked Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris periophthalma
Broad-banded Shrimpgoby Periophthalma Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris randalli Randall's Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris rhyax Volcano Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris sp. Five-Bar Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris steinitzi Steinitz' Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyeleotris wheeleri Gorgeous Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Amblyglyphidodon aureus Golden Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Amblyglyphidodon curacao
Staghorn Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster
Yellowbelly Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Amblygobius decussatus Orange-Striped Goby Goby TASL
Amblygobius hectori Hectori Goby Yellowstripe Goby Goby TASL
Amblygobius nocturnus Nocturn Goby Goby TASL
Amblygobius phalaena Banded Goby Goby TASL
Amblygobius rainfordi Old Glory Goby TASL
Amblygobius sphynx Sphinx Goby Goby TASL
Amblypomacentrus breviceps
Black-Banded Demoiselle Damselfish TASL
Amphiprion chrysopterus Orangefin Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion clarkii Clarkii Clownfish Yellowtail Clownfish / Clarks Anemonefish / Whitetail Clownfish
Clownfish TASL
56 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Amphiprion frenatus Tomato Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion leucokranos Whitebonnet Clownfish Bonnet Anemonefish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion melanopus Melanopus Clownfish Fire Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion ocellaris False Percula Clownfish Clown Anemonefish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion percula Percula Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion perideraion Pink Skunk Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion polymnus Saddleback Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Amphiprion sandaracinos Orange-skunk Clownfish Saddle Clownfish / Yellow Clownfish Clownfish TASL
Anampses caeruleopunctatus
Bluespotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Anampses geographicus Geographic Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Anampses melanurus White-Spotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Anampses meleagrides Spotted Wrasse Yellowtail Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Anampses neoguinaicus New Guinea Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Anampses twistii Yellowbreasted Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Anomalops katoptron Splitfin Flashlightfish Flashlightfish TASL
Antennarius coccineus Scarlet Frogfish Frogfish TASL
Antennarius maculatus Warty Frogfish Frogfish TASL
Antennarius nummifer Spotfin Frogfish Frogfish TASL
Antennarius pictus Painted Frogfish Frogfish TASL
Antennarius striatus Striated Frogfish Frogfish TASL
Anyperodon leucogrammicus
Slender Grouper White-lined Grouper Grouper TASL
Apogon aureus Ring-Tailed Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon bandanensis Banda Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon chrysopomus Yellow Cardinalfish Spotgill CardinalFish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon coccineus Ruby Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon compressus Split-Banded Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon cyanosoma Yellowstriped Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon exostigma Narrowstripe Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon fraenatus Spurcheek Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon fragilis Fragile Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon hartzfeldii Hartzfeld's Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon kallopterus Iridescent Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon leptacanthus Threadfin Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon moluccensis Moluccan Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon nigrofasciatus Blackstripe Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon notatus Spotnape Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon perlitus Pearly Cardinalfish Good-Luck Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon properupta Coral Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon sealei Bargill Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon sp. Similar Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apogon thermalis Half-Barred Cardinalfish Translucent Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Apolemichthys trimaculatus
3-Spot Angelfish Threespot Angelfish Flagfin Angelfish Angelfish USL
Aprion virescens Green Jobfish Soapfish TASL
Archaemia fucata Orangelined Cardinalfish Narrow-lined Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Archamia zosterophora Girdled Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Arothron caeruleopunctatus
Blue-Spotted Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Arothron hispidus White-Spotted Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Arothron manilensis Striped Pufferfish Map Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Arothron meleagris Guineafowl Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Arothron nigropunctatus Dogface Pufferfish Blackspotted Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Arothron stellatus Star Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Aspidontus dussumieri Lance Blenny Blenny TASL
Aspidontus taeniatus False Cleanerfish Goby TASL
Assessor flavissimus Yellow Devilfish Devilfish TASL
Assessor macneilli Blue Devilfish Devilfish TASL
Asterropteryx semipunctata
Starry Goby Halfspotted Goby Goby TASL
Atrosalarias fuscus holomelas
Brown Coral Blenny Blenny TASL
Aulostomus chinensis Trumpetfish Chinese Trumpetfish Trumpetfish TASL
Balistapus undulatus Undulate Triggerfish Orange-Lined Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Balistoides conspicillum Clown Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Balistoides viridescens Pineapple Triggerfish Titan Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Blenniella chrysospilos Red-Spotted Blenny Blenny TASL
Bodianus anthioides Lyretail Hogfish Wrasse TASL
Bodianus axillaris Scissortail Hogfish Axilspot Hogfish Wrasse TASL
Bodianus bilunulatus Tarry Hogfish Wrasse TASL
Bodianus bimaculatus 2-Spot Hogfish Wrasse TASL
Bodianus diana Diana's Hogfish Wrasse TASL
Bodianus loxozonus Blackfin Hogfish Wrasse TASL
Bodianus mesothorax Coral Hogfish Splitlevel Hogfish Wrasse TASL
57 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Bothus mancus Flowery Flounder Peacock Flounder Flounder TASL
Bryaninops amplus Large Whip Goby Goby TASL
Bryaninops natans Redeye Goby Goby TASL
Bryaninops yongei Whip Coral Goby Goby TASL
Butis amboinensis Olive Flathead-Gudgeon Gudgeonfish TASL
Callionymus delicatulus Delicate Dragonet Dragonets TASL
Callionymus keeleyi Long Filament Dragonet Dragonets TASL
Calloplesiops altivelis Cometfish / Cometa Betta Marine TASL
Calotomus carolinus Carolines Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Calotomus spinidens Spinytooth Parrotfish Raggedtooth Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Cantherhines dumerilii Whitespotted Filefish Filefish TASL
Canthigaster amboinensis Spider-Eye Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster bennetti Bennett's Pufferfish Whitebelly Toby Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster compressa Fingerprint Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster janthinoptera Honeycomb Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster papua Papuan Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster rivulata Brown-Lined Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster solandri Spotted Pufferfish Spotted Sharpnose Pufferfish TASL
Canthigaster valentini Valentinni's Sharpnose Pufferfish Black-Saddled Toby Pufferfish TASL
Caracanthus maculatus Spotted Coral Croucher Croucherfish TASL
Caranx melampygus Bluefin Trevally Trevally TASL
Centriscus scutatus Grooved Razorfish Rigid Shrimpfish Razorfish TASL
Centropyge aurantia Golden Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge bicolor Bicolor Angelfish Oriole Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge bispinosa Coral Beauty Angelfish Twospined Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge flavicauda Blue Pygmy Angelfish White-tailed Pygmy Angelfish Pygmy Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge heraldi Yellow Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge loricula Flame Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge multifasciata Barred Angelfish Banded Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge nox Midnight Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge tibicen Keyhole Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Centropyge vrolikii Halfblack Angelfish Pearlscale Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Cephalopholis argus Peacock Hind Peacock Grouper Grouper TASL
Cephalopholis boenak Chocolate Grouper Halfblack Coral Hind Grouper TASL
Cephalopholis cyanostigma
Bluespotted Grouper Grouper TASL
Cephalopholis formosa Bluelined Hind Grouper TASL
Cephalopholis microprion Freckled Grouper Grouper TASL
Cephalopholis miniata Coral Hind Grouper TASL
Cephalopholis urodeta Flagtail Grouper Grouper TASL
Cetoscarus bicolor Bicolour Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Chaetodon aureofasciatus Golden Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon auriga Auriga Butterflyfish Threadfin Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon baronessa Baronessa Butterflyfish Baroness Butterflyfish / Eastern Triangular Butterflyfish
Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon bennetti Bennett Butterflyfish Bluelashed Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon burgessi Burgess' Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon citrinellus Yellow Citron Butterflyfish Speckled Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon ephippium Saddle Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon guentheri Crochet Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon kleinii Chocolate Butterflyfish Sunburst Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon lineolatus Lined Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon lunula Raccoon Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon melannotus Blackback Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon mertensii Mertensii Butterflyfish Atoll Butterflyfish Checkered Buterflyfish
Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon meyeri Meyeri Butterflyfish Scrawled Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon ocellicaudus Spot-Tail Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon octofasciatus 8-Band Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon ornatissimus Orna Butterflyfish Ornatus Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon oxycephalus Spot-Nape Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon pelewensis Pelewensis Butterflyfish Sunset Butterflyfish / Dot and Dash Butterflyfish
Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon plebeius Blueblotch Butterflyfish Blue-Spot Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus
Punctato Butterflyfish Spotband Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon rafflesii Rafflesii Butterflyfish Latticed Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon rainfordi Rainford's Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon reticulatus Reticulatus Butterflyfish Mailed Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon selene Yellow-Dotted Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon semeion Semeion Butterflyfish Dotted Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon speculum Oval-Spot Butterflyfish Mirror Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon trifascialis Chevron Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Chaetodon trifasciatus Melon Butterflyfish Indian Redfin Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
58 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Chaetodon ulietensis Pacific Double-Saddle Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon unimaculatus Teardrop Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodon vagabundus Vagabundus Butterflyfish Vagabond Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chaetodontoplus duboulayi
Scribbled Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Chaetodontoplus melanosoma
Black-Velvet Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus
Vermiculated Angelfish Queen Angelfish / Singapore Angelfish Angelfish USL
Cheilinus chlorourus Floral Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cheilinus fasciatus Redbreast Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cheilinus trilobatus Tripletail Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cheilinus undulatus Humphead Wrasse Napoleon Wrasse Wrasse BSL
Cheilio inermis Cigar Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cheilodipterus isostigmus Dog Toothy Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Cheilodipterus macrodon Tiger Cardinalfish Large Toothed Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Cheilodipterus parazonatus
Mimic Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Fivelined Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Chelmon marginalis Margined Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chelmon rostratus Chelmon Butterflyfish Copperband Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Chlorurus bleekeri Bleeker's Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Chlorurus japanensis Palecheek Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Chlorurus sordidus Daisy Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Choerodon anchorago Orange-Dotted Tuskfish Anchor Tuskfish Wrasse TASL
Choerodon fasciatus Harlequin Tuskfish Wrasse TASL
Choerodon jordani Jordan's Tuskfish Wrasse TASL
Choerodon monostigma Dark-Spot Tuskfish Wrasse TASL
Choerodon schoenleinii Blackspot Tuskfish Wrasse TASL
Choerodon zosterophorus Zoster Wrasse Darkstripe Tuskfish Wrasse TASL
Chromis amboinensis Ambon Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis analis Yellow Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis atripectoralis Black-Axil Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis atripes Dark-Fin Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis elerae Twinspot Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis flavipectoralis Black-Axil Chromis Malayan Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis iomelas Half-And-Half Chromis Pacific half and Half Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis lepidolepis Scaly Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis lineata Lined Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis margaritifer Bicolor Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis retrofasciata Blackbar Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis ternatensis Ternate Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis vanderbilti Vanderbilt's Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis viridis Green Chromis Blue Green Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chromis weberi Weber's Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis xanthochira Yellow-axil Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chromis xanthura Paletail Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera biocellata Twinspot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera brownriggii Surge Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera caeruleolineata
Blueline Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera cyanea Blue Damselfish / Sapphire Devilfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera cymatilis Papuan Damselfish Milne Bay Demoiselle Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera cymatilis (new)
Papuan Damselfish (New) Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera flavipinnis Yellowfin Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera niger Black Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera oxycephala Blue-Spot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera parasema Goldtail Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera parasema (new)
Goldtail Damselfish (New) Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera retrofasciata Blackbar Chromis Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera rex King Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera rollandi Rolland's Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera sinclairi Sinclair's Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera sp. Sinclair's Damselfish (New) Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera talboti Talbot's Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera tricincta 3-Band Demoiselle Damselfish TASL
Chrysiptera unimaculata 1-Spot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Cirrhilabrus condei Redback Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Blueside Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Exquisite Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cirrhilabrus filamentosus Filamented Flasher Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cirrhilabrus punctatus Dotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cirrhilabrus temminckii Peacock Wrasse Threadfin Wrasse Wrasse TASL
59 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Cirrhilabrus walindi Walindi Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Cirrhitichthys aprinus Spotted Hawkfish Threadfin Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Cirrhitichthys falco Dwarf Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus Pixy Hawkfish Coral Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Cirrhitus pinnulatus Stocky Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Cirripectes castaneus Chestnut Eyelash-Blenny Blenny TASL
Cirripectes chelomatus Lady Musgrave Blenny Blenny TASL
Cirripectes filamentosus Filamentous Blenny Blenny TASL
Cirripectes springeri Springer's Blenny Blenny TASL
Cirripectes stigmaticus Red-Streaked Blenny Blenny TASL
Cirripectes variolosus Red-Speckled Blenny Blenny TASL
Conger cinereus Longfin African Conger Eel TASL
Congrogadus subducens Carpet Eel-Blenny Blenny TASL
Coradion altivelis Highfin Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL
Coradion chrysozonus Goldengirdled Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL
Coradion melanopus 2-Spot Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL
Coris aygula Clown Coris Wrasse TASL
Coris batuensis Batu Coris Wrasse TASL
Coris caudimacula Spottail Coris Wrasse TASL
Coris dorsomacula Pale-Barred Coris Wrasse TASL
Coris gaimard Red Wrasse Yellowtail Coris Wrasse TASL
Corythoichthys haematopterus
Messmate Pipefish Reeftop Pipefish Pipefish TASL
Corythoichthys intestinalis Banded Pipefish Pipefish TASL
Corythoichthys ocellatus Orange-Spotted Pipefish Pipefish TASL
Cromileptes altivelis Humpback Grouper Grouper TASL
Crossosalarias macrospilus
Triplespot Blenny Blenny TASL
Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus
Blue-Speckled Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Cryptocentrus cinctus Yellow Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Cryptocentrus fasciatus Y-Bar Shrimp Goby Goby TASL
Cryptocentrus leptocephalus
Pink-Spotted Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Cryptocentrus polyophthalmus
Blacktip Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Cryptocentrus sp. Shrimp-Goby Prawn Goby Goby TASL
Cryptocentrus strigilliceps Target Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Ctenochaetus binotatus 2-Spot Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus
Bluelipped Bristletooth Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Ctenochaetus striatus Striated Surgeonfish Lined Bristletooth Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Ctenochaetus tominiensis Tomini Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Ctenogobiops aurocingulus
Aurocingulus Gold-Streaked Prawn-Goby
Goby TASL
Ctenogobiops pomastictus Pomasticus Gold-Specked Prawn-Goby
Goby TASL
Ctenogobiops sp. Speckled Prawn-goby Goby TASL
Ctenogobiops tangaroai Tangaroa Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus
Comb Goby Goby TASL
Cymbacephalus beauforti Crocodile Fish Crocodilefish TASL
Cymolutes torquatus Collared Razorfish Razorfish TASL
Cypho purpurascens Oblique-Lined Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Cyprinocirrhites polyactis Swallowtail Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Dactyloptena macracantha Spotwing Flying Gurnard Gurnardfish TASL
Dactyloptena orientalis Oriental Flying Gurnard Gurnardfish TASL
Dactylopus dactylopus Fingered Dragonet Dragonets TASL
Dactylopus kuiteri Orange & Black Dragonet Dragonet TASL
Dascyllus aruanus 3-Stripe Damselfish Whitetail Dascyllus / Humbug Damselfish
Damselfish TASL
Dascyllus melanurus 4-Stripe Damselfish Blacktail Humbug Damselfish TASL
Dascyllus reticulatus Reticulate Damselfish Reticulated Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Dascyllus trimaculatus Domino Damselfish Threespot Dascyllus Damselfish TASL
Dendrochirus biocellatus 2-Spot Turkeyfish Fu Manchu Lionfish Lionfish TASL
Dendrochirus brachypterus
Dwarf Lionfish Shortfin Turkeyfish Lionfish TASL
Dendrochirus zebra Zebra Lionfish Zebra Turkeyfish Lionfish TASL
Diademichthys lineatus Urchin Clingfish Clingfish TASL
Diagramma pictum Painted Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Diodon holocanthus Long-Spine Porcupinefish Porcupinefish TASL
Diodon hystrix Porcupinefish Spot-Fin Porcupinefish Porcupinefish TASL
Diodon liturosus Black-Blotched Porcupinefish Porcupinefish TASL
Diplogrammus goramensis Goram Dragonet Dragonet TASL
Diploprion bifasciatum Barred Soapfish Soapfish TASL
Diproctacanthus xanthurus Yellowtail Tubelip Wrasse TASL
Dischistodus chrysopoecilus
Palespot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
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Dischistodus melanotus Blackvent Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Dischistodus perspicillatus White Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Dischistodus prosopotaenia
Honeyhead Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus
Monarch Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Discordipinna griessingeri Spikefin Goby Goby TASL
Discotrema crinophila Crinoid Clingfish Clingfish TASL
Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus
Banded Pipefish Ringed Pipefish Pipefish TASL
Doryrhamphus excisus excisus
Bluestripe Pipefish Pipefish TASL
Drepane longimana Concertina Sicklefish Sicklefish TASL
Drepane punctata Spotted Sicklefish Sicklefish TASL
Echeneis naucrates Live Sharksucker Sharksucker TASL
Echidna nebulosa Snowflake Moray Moray TASL
Echidna polyzona Barred Moray Moray TASL
Ecsenius aequalis 4-Line Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius australianus Australian Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius axelrodi Clown Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius bicolor Bicolor Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius collettei Spotted-Row Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius lividanalis Blackspot Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius midas Persian Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius namiyei Black Comb-Tooth Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius pictus White-Lined Comb-Tooth Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius prooculis Striped Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius sellifer Saddle Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius sp. Papuan Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius sp. (new) Papuan Blenny (New) Blenny TASL
Ecsenius taeniatus White-Lined Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius trilineatus Three-Lined Blenny Blenny TASL
Ecsenius yaeyamaensis Yaeyama Blenny Blenny TASL
Eleotris fusca Dusky Sleeperfish Sleeperfish TASL
Ephinephelus hexagonatus
Hexagon Grouper Grouper TASL
Epibulus insidiator Slingjaw Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Epinephelus fasciatus Blacktip Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Brown-Marbled Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus howlandi Blacksaddle Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus lanceolatus Giant Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus maculatus Highfin Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus merra Dwarf spotted Grouper Honeycomb Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus polyphekadion
Camouflage Grouper Grouper TASL
Epinephelus quoyanus Longfin Grouper Grouper TASL
Eucrossorhinus dasypogon
Tasslled Wobbegong Wobbegong LCSL
Eurypegasus draconis Short-Nosed Dragonfish Dragonfish TASL
Eviota bifasciata Twostripe Pygmy Goby Goby TASL
Eviota fasciola Barred Pygmy Goby Goby TASL
Eviota nigriventris Blackbelly Goby Goby TASL
Eviota pellucida Pellucida Pygmy Goby Goby TASL
Eviota prasina Hairpin Pygmy Goby Goby TASL
Exallias brevis Leopard Blenny Blenny TASL
Exocoetus volitans Tropical Two-wing Flyingfish Flyingfish TASL
Exyrias bellisimus Beautiful Goby Mud Reef-Goby Goby TASL
Exyrias puntang Puntang Goby Goby TASL
Fistularia commersonii Bluespotted Cornetfish Cornetfish Cornetfish TASL
Foa brachygramma Weed Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Forcipiger flavissimus Yellow Longnose Butterflyfish Longnose Butterflyfish / Flavissimus Butterflyfish
Butterflyfish TASL
Forcipiger longirostris Yellow Longnose Butterflyfish Big Longnose Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL
Fusigobius neophytus Common Fuse-Goby Goby TASL
Fusigobius signipinnis Signalfin Goby Goby TASL
Genicanthus lamarck Blackstriped Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Genicanthus melanospilos Zebra Angelfish Spotbreast Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Gerres acinaces Longtail Silver Biddy Silver Biddy TASL
Glossogobius giuris Tank Goby Goby TASL
Glyptoparus delicatulus Delicate Blenny Blenny TASL
Gnathanodon speciosus Pilotfish Golden Trevally Trevally TASL
Gnathodentex aureolineatus
Striped Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Gnatholepsis anjerensis Eyebar Goby Goby TASL
Gobiodon ceramensis Ceram Coral-Goby Goby TASL
Gobiodon citrinus Poison Goby Goby TASL
Gobiodon histrio Broad-Barred Goby Goby TASL
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Gobiodon okinawae Okinawa Goby Yellow Coralgoby Goby TASL
Gobiodon rivulatus Rippled Coral-Goby Goby TASL
Gobiodon spilophthalmus White-Lined Coral-Goby Goby TASL
Gomphosus varius Bird Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Gracila albomarginata Strawberry Grouper Masked Grouper Grouper TASL
Grammistes sexlineatus 6-Line Soapfish Soapfish TASL
Gunnellichthys curiosus Curious Wormfish Wormfish TASL
Gunnellichthys monostigma
Onespot Wormfish Wormfish TASL
Gymnocranius euanus Japanese Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Gymnocranius microdon Bluespotted Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Gymnocranius sp. Blacknape Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Gymnomuraena zebra Zebra Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax eurostus Abbott's Moray Eel Moray TASL
Gymnothorax favagineus Laced Moray Eel Blackspotted Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax fimbriatus Fimbriated Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus
Yellow-Edged Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax isingteena Spotted Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax javanicus Giant Moray Eel Moray TASL
Gymnothorax meleagris Turkey Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax sp. (Yellow Eel)
Yellow Eel Moray TASL
Gymnothorax undulatus Undulated Moray Moray TASL
Gymnothorax zonipectis Barred-Fin Moray Moray TASL
Halichoeres argus Argus Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres binotopsis Wisata Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres biocellatus Red-Lined Wrasse Twospot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres chlorocephalus
Green-Headed Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres chloropterus Green Wrasse Pastel-Green Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres chrysus Yellow Wrasse Canary Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres hartzfeldii Hartzfeld's Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres hortulanus Marble Wrasse Checkerboard Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres leucurus Chain-lined Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres margaritaceus Pink-Belly Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres marginatus Dusky Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres melanochir Black Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres melanurus Pinstripped Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres miniatus Circle-Cheek Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres nebulosus Nebulous Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres ornatissimus Ornamented Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres prosopeion 2-Tone Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres purpurescens Purple Striped Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres richmondi Tailspot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres scapularis Zigzag Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres timorensis Timor Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres trimaculatus 3-Spot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halichoeres zeylonicus Gold-stripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Halophyrne diemensis Banded Toadfish Toadfish TASL
Helcogramma striatum Tropical Striped Triplefin Triplefins TASL
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon
Lagoon Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Hemigymnus fasciatus Barred Thicklip Wrasse TASL
Hemigymnus melapterus Blackeye Thicklip Wrasse TASL
Hemiscyllium freycineti Freycinet's Epaulette Shark Epaulette Shark BSL
Hemiscyllium hallstromi Papuan Epaulette Shark Epaulette Shark TASL
Hemiscyllium ocellatum Ocellated Epaulette Shark Epaulette Shark TASL
Hemitaurichthys polylepis Pyramid Butterflyfish Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus acuminatus Black & White Heniochus Longfin Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus chrysostomus Brown Heniochus Threeband Pennantfish Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus diphreutes False Moorish Idol Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus monoceros Masked Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus pleurotaenia Phantom Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus singularis Singular Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL
Heniochus varius Fake Heniochus Humphead Bannerfish / Horned Bannerfish
Bannerfish TASL
Hetereconger hassi Garden Eel Eel TASL
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus
Glass-Eyefish Glasseyefish TASL
Hipposcarus longiceps Pacific Longnose Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Histrio histrio Sargassumfish Sargassumfish TASL
Hologymnosus annulatus Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Hologymnosus doliatus Pastel Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Hologymnosus sp. Rare Orange Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Hologymnus annulatus Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL
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Hologymnus doliatus Pastel Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Hoplolatilus cuniculus Pale Tilefish Dusky Tilefish Tilefish TASL
Hoplolatilus fronticinctus Pastel Tilefish Tilefish TASL
Hoplolatilus purpureus Purple Sand Tilefish Tilefish TASL
Inegocia japonica Japanase Flathead Flatheadfish TASL
Iniistius aneitensis Yellowblotch Razorfish Razorfish TASL
Iniistius pavo Peacock Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Inimicus didactylus Bearded Ghoul Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Istiblennius edentulus Rippled Rockskipper Rockskipper TASL
Istiblennius lineatus Lined Rockskipper Rockskipper TASL
Istigobius decoratus Decorated Goby Goby TASL
Istigobius goldmanni Goldman's Goby Goby TASL
Istigobius nigroocellatus Black-Spotted Goby Goby TASL
Istigobius ornatus Ornate Goby Goby TASL
Istigobius rigilius Orangespotted Goby Goby TASL
Kyphosus bigibbus Grey Sea Chub Sea Chub TASL
Kyphosus cinerascens Topsail Drummerfish Drummerfish TASL
Kyphosus vaigiensis Lowfin Drummerfish Drummerfish TASL
Labracinus cyclophthalmus
Fire-Tail Devilfish Dottyback TASL
Labrichthys unilineatus Tubelip Wrasse Tubelip Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Labroides bicolor Bicolor Cleaner Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Labroides dimidiatus Cleaner Wrasse Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse Rainbow Wrasse Wrasse USL
Labroides pectoralis Multicolor Wrasse Blackspot Cleaner Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Labropsis alleni Allen's Tubelip Wrasse TASL
Labropsis manabei Northern Tubelip Wrasse TASL
Labropsis xanthonota Yellowback Tubelip Wrasse TASL
Lactoria cornuta Longhorn Cowfish Boxfish TASL
Lactoria diaphana Roundbelly Cowfish Boxfish TASL
Lagocephalus sceleratus Silverstripe Blaasop Pufferfish TASL
Lepidozygus tapeinosoma Fusilier Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Leptojulis cyanopleura Shoulder-Spot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Leptoscarus vaigiensis Marbled Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Lethrinus atkinsoni Yellowtail Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus erythropterus Longfin Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus harak Thumbprint Emperor Blackspot Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus laticaudis Grass Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus microdon Smalltooth Emperor Blue Spotted Large-Eye Bream Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus nebulosus Spangled Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus obsoletus Orange-striped Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus olivaceus Longface Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus ornatus Ornate Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Spotcheek Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus variegatus Slender Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Lethrinus xanthochilus Yellowlip Emperor Emperorfish TASL
Liza vaigiensis Squaretail Mullet Mulletfish TASL
Lotilia graciliosa Whitecap Goby Whitecap Shrimpgoby Goby TASL
Lutjanus argentimaculatus Mangrove Red Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus biguttatus 2-Spot Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus bohar Red Snapper Twin-Spot Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus carponotatus Spanish Flag Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus decussatus Checkered Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus ehrenbergii Blackspot Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus fulviflamma Longspot Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus fulvus Blacktail Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus gibbus Humpback Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus kasmira Common Bluestripe Snapper Bluestripe Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus malabaricus Malabar Blood Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus quinquelineatus 5-Lined Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus sebae Emperor Red Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Lutjanus semicinctus Black Banded Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Luzonichthys waitei Luzon Anthias Waite's Splitfin Anthias Anthias TASL
Macolor niger Black & white Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Macropharyngodon meleagris
Leopard Wrasse Blackspotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Macropharyngodon negrosensis
Yellowspotted Wrasse Black Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Macropharyngodon ornatus
False Leopard Wrasse Ornate Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Mahidolia mystacina Flagfin Prawn Goby Goby TASL
Malacanthus brevirostris Quakerfish Tilefish TASL
Malacanthus latovittatus Blue Blanquillo Tilefish TASL
Meiacanthus anema Threadless Blenny Blenny TASL
Meiacanthus atradorsalis Forktail Blenny Yellowtail Fang Blenny Blenny TASL
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Meiacanthus grammistes Striped Poison-Fang Blenny Blenny TASL
Meiacanthus midas Midas Blenny Blenny TASL
Meiacanthus oualensis Canary Fangblenny Blenny TASL
Meiacanthus smithi Smith's Fang Blenny Blenny TASL
Meiacanthus vittatus 1-Striped Fangblenny Blackstripe Fang Blenny Blenny TASL
Melichthys niger Black Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Melichthys vidua Pinktail Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Monodactylus argenteus Silver Moony Diamondfish TASL
Monotaxis grandoculis Humpnose Big-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus
Yellowstripe Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Mulloidichthys mimicus Mimic Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis
Yellowfin Goatfish Vanicolo Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Myrichthys colubrinus Banded Snake Eel Eel TASL
Myrichthys maculosus Tiger Snake Eel Eel TASL
Myripristis berndti Blotcheye Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myripristis kuntee Shoulderbar Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myripristis murdjan Pinecone Soldierfish Blotcheye Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myripristis trachyacron East Indian Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myripristis violacea Violet Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myripristis vittata Whitetip Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myrispristis berndti Blotcheye Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Myrispristis murdjan Pinecone Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL
Naso annulatus Whitemargin Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso brachycentron Humpback Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso brevirostris Spotted Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso caeruleacauda Bluetail Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso hexacanthus Sleek Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso lituratus Lipstick Tang Orangespine Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso lopezi Elongate Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso minor Blackspine Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso thynnoides Oneknife Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso unicornis Bluespine Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Naso vlamingii Bignose Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Nemateleotris decora Elegant Firefish Firefish TASL
Nemateleotris helfrichi Helfrichs' Dartfish Firefish TASL
Nemateleotris magnifica Firefish Fire Goby / Fire Dartfish Firefish TASL
Neocirrhites armatus Flame Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Neoglyphidodon melas Bluefin Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Neoglyphidodon nigroris Blackmouth Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Neoniphon sammara Sammara Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Neopomacentrus azysron Yellow-Tail Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Neopomacentrus cyanomos
Regal Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Neopomacentrus filamentosus
Filamentous Damselfish Brown Demoiselle Wrasse TASL
Neopomacentrus nemurus Coral Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Novaculichthys macrolepidotus
Seagrass Wrasse Seagrass Razorfish Wrasse TASL
Novaculichthys taeniourus Dragon Wrasse Rockmover Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Odonus niger Redtoothed Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Omobranchus elongatus Cloister Blenny Blenny TASL
Omobranchus ferox Gossamer Blenny Blenny TASL
Opistognathus latitabundus
Blotched Jawfish Jawfish TASL
Oplopomus caninoides Triplespot Goby Goby TASL
Oplopomus oplopomus Oplopomus Spinecheek Goby Goby TASL
Ostracion cubicus Yellow Boxfish Boxfish TASL
Ostracion meleagris Whitespotted Boxfish Spotted Boxfish Boxfish TASL
Ostracion solorensis Reticulate Boxfish Solor Boxfish Boxfish TASL
Oxycheilinus bimaculatus 2-Spot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Oxycheilinus celebicus Celebes Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Oxycheilinus diagramma Cheeklined Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Oxycheilinus orientalis Oriental Maori Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus Ringtail Maori Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Oxymetopon cyanoctenosum
Blue-Barred Ribbon Goby Goby TASL
Oxymonacanthus longirostris
Harlequin Filefish Longnose Filefish Filefish USL
Oxyurichthys microlepis Maned Goby Goby TASL
Oxyurichthys papuensis Frogface Goby Goby TASL
Paracanthurus hepatus Blue Tang Palette Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Paracentropogon longispinis
Wispy Waspfish Waspfish TASL
Parachaetodon ocellatus 6-Spine Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL
Paracheilinus filamentosus Filamentous Wrasse Wrasse TASL
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Paracirrhites arcatus Arc-Eye Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Paracirrhites forsteri Blackside Hawkfish Freckled Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Paracirrhites hemistictus Halfspotted Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL
Paragobiodon echinocephalus
Redhead Goby Goby TASL
Paragobiodon xanthosomus
Emerald Coral Goby Goby TASL
Paraluteres prionurus Mimic Filefish Filefish TASL
Parapercis clathrata Latticed Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis cylindrica Sharpnose Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis hexophtalma Speckled Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis lineopunctata Nosestripe Sandperch U-marked Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis millepunctata Spotted Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis schauinslandii Red-Spotted Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis tethracantha Reticulated Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parapercis xanthozona Yellowbar Sandperch Sandperch TASL
Parascorpaena mossambica
Mozambique Scorpionfish Scorpionfish TASL
Parioglossus nudus Naked Dartfish Dartfish TASL
Parupeneus barberinoides Bicolor Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus barberinus Dash-And-Dot Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus bifasciatus Doublebar Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow Goatfish Goldsaddle Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus indicus Indian Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus macronemus Longbarbel Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus multifasciatus Manybar Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus pleurostigma Sidespot Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupeneus trifasciatus Indian Doublebar Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Parupenues indicus Indian Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Pastinachus sephen Cowtail Stingray Stingray TASL
Pempheris adusta Dusky Sweeperfish Sweeper TASL
Pempheris oualensis Silver Sweeperfish Sweeper TASL
Pentapodus paradiseus Paradise Whiptailfish Monocle Bream TASL
Pentapodus trivittatus 3-Striped Whiptailfish Monocle Bream TASL
Periophthalmus argentilineatus
Barred Mudskipper Mudskipper TASL
Pervagor janthinosoma Blackbar Filefish Fangblenny TASL
Pervagor melanocephalus Redtail Filefish Filefish TASL
Petroscirtes breviceps Striped Poison-Fang Blenny Shorthead Fang Blenny Blenny TASL
Petroscirtes mitratus Floral Blenny Highfin Fang Blenny Blenny TASL
Petroscirtes xestus Xestus Sabretooth Blenny Blenny TASL
Phempheris adusta Dusky Sweeperfish Blenny TASL
Pholidichthys leucotaenia Convict Blenny Blenny TASL
Photoblepharon palpebratum
Eyelight Fish Flashlightfish TASL
Plagiotremus laudandus Bicolor Fangblenny Blenny TASL
Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos
Bluestriped Fangblenny Blenny TASL
Plagiotremus tapeinosoma Piano Fangblenny Blenny TASL
Platax batavianus Humpback Batfish Batfish TASL
Platax boersii Golden Spadefish Boersii Batfish Batfish TASL
Platax orbicularis Orbi Batfish Orbicular Batfish Batfish TASL
Platax pinnatus Pinnatus Batfish Dusky Batfish Batfish TASL
Platax teira Tiera Batfish Batfish TASL
Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides
Harlequin Sweetlips Many-Spotted Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts USL
Plectorhinchus chrysoptaenia
Goldstriped Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectorhinchus lessonii Striped Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectorhinchus lineatus Yellowbanded Sweetlips Diagonal-banded Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectorhinchus orientalis Oriental Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectorhinchus picus Painted Sweetlips Dotted Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectorhinchus polytaenia Ribbon Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectorhinchus vittatus Vitattus Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL
Plectroglyphidodon dickii Blackbar Devil Damselfish TASL
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus
Johnston Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus
Jewel Damselfish Whitespotted Devilfish Damselfish TASL
Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus
Singlebar Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Plectropomus laevis Blacksaddle Coral Grouper Grouper TASL
Plectropomus leopardus Leopard Coral Grouper Grouper TASL
Plectropomus maculatus Spotted Coral Grouper Grouper TASL
Plesiops coeruleolineatus Crimsontip Longfin Longfin TASL
Plesiops corallicola Bluegill Longfin Longfin TASL
Plotosus lineatus Lineatus Catfish Striped Eel Catfish / Stripe Catfish Catfish TASL
Polydactylus sexfilis Sixfinger Threadfin Threadfin/Grunter TASL
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Pomacanthus annularis Bluering Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Pomacanthus imperator Empetor Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Pomacanthus navarchus Majestic Angelfish Bluegirdled Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Pomacanthus semicirculatus
Blue Koran Angelfish Semicircle Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Pomacanthus sexstriatus 6-Barred Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Pomacanthus xanthometopon
Blueface Angelfish Yellowmasked Angelfish Angelfish TASL
Pomacentrus adelus Obscure Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus aurifrons Goldhead Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus bankanensis Speckled Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus bipunctatus Twinspot Damselfish Double Dot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus brachialis Charcoal Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus burroughi Burrough's Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus chrysurus Whitetail Damselfish Yellowtail Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus coelestis Neon Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus colini Colin's Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus grammorhynchus
Bluespot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus lepidogenys Scaly Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus melanochir Indonesian Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus milleri Milleri Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus moluccensis Lemon Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus nagasakiensis
Nagasaki Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus nigromanus Goldback Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus pavo Pavo Damselfish Sapphire Damselfish / Blue Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus philippinus Philippine Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus reidi Reid's Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus simsiang Blueback Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus stigma Blackspot Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus taeniometopon
Brackish Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Pomacentrus vaiuli Ocellate Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Premnas biaculeatus Maroon Clownfish Spinecheek Anemonefish Clownfish TASL
Priacanthus hamrur Moontail Bullseye Squirrelfish TASL
Priolepis cinctus Girdled Goby Goby TASL
Priolepis semidoliata Half-Barred Goby Goby TASL
Pristotis obtusirostris Gulf Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Psammoperca waigiensis Sand Bass Sea Bass TASL
Pseudanthias bartlettorum Bartlett's Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias bicolor Bicolor Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias dispar Peach Fairy Basslet Dispar Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias fasciatus Red-Stripe Basslet Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias huchtii Huchtii Anthias Red-Cheeked Fairy Basslet Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias hypselosoma
Stocky Anthias Pink Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias kashiwae Silver-Streak Goldie Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias luzonensis Luzon Fairy Basslet Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias pascalus Purple Queen Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias pleurotaenia Square Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias randalli Randall's Fairy Basslet Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias rubrizonatus Red-Blotched Basslet Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias smithvanizi Princess Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias squamipinnis
Sea Goldie Scalefin Anthias Anthias TASL
Pseudanthias tuka Tuka Anthias Purple Anthias / Yellowstriped Fairy Basslet
Anthias USL
Pseudechidna brummeri White Ribbon Eel Eel TASL
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus
Yellowmargin Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Pseudobalistes fuscus Yellow-Spotted Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Pseudocheilinus evanidus 8-Lined Wrasse Striated Wrasse / Disappearing Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Pseudocheilinus hexataenia
6-Line Wrasse Sixstripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia
4-Stripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Pseudochromis bitaeniatus
Doublestriped Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis cyanotaenia
Surge Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis fuscus Yellow/Brown Dottyback Brown Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis paccagnellae
Royal Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis paranox Midnight Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis perspicillatus
Blackstripe Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis porphyreus
Magenta Dottyback Dottyback TASL
Pseudochromis sp. Raja Dottyback Dottyback TASL
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Pseudocoris heteroptera Torpedo Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Pseudocoris yamashiroi Redspot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Pseudodax moluccanus Chiseltooth Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Pseudomonocanthus macrurus
Strapweed Filefish Filefish TASL
Pseudoplesiops typus Hidden Basslet Dottyback TASL
Pteragogus flagellifer Cocktail Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Ptereleotris evides Blackfin Dartfish Twotone Dartfish Dartfish TASL
Ptereleotris grammica Lined Dartfish Dartfish TASL
Ptereleotris hanae Blue Hana Goby Goby TASL
Ptereleotris heteroptera Blacktail Goby Goby TASL
Ptereleotris microlepis Blue Gudgeon Gudgeonfish TASL
Ptereleotris monoptera Monofin Dartfish Dartfish TASL
Ptereleotris uroditaenia Flagtail Dartfish Dartfish TASL
Ptereleotris zebra Chinese Zebra Goby Goby TASL
Pterois antennata Antennata Lionfish Spotfin Lionfish / Broadbarred Firefish Lionfish TASL
Pterois radiata Whitefin Lionfish Clearfin Lionfish / Radial Firefish Lionfish TASL
Pterois volitans Black Peacock / Red Lionfish / Brown Lionfish
Lionfish TASL
Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish Angelfish USL
Rachycentron canadum Cobia Cobia TASL
Rhineacanthus aculeatus Humuhumu Triggerfish Picasso Triggerfish/Blackbar Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Rhinecanthus rectangulus Wedge-Tail Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Rhinecanthus verrucosus Blackbelly Triggerfish Blackspatch Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Rhinomuraena quaesita Blue/Black/WhiteRibbon Eel Ribbon Moray Moray TASL
Rhinopias aphanes Lacy Scorpionfish Scorpionfish TASL
Rhinopias frondosa Frondosa Scorpionfish Weedy Scorpionfish Scorpionfish TASL
Salarias ceramensis Seram Blenny Blenny TASL
Salarias fasciatus Jewelled Blenny Blenny TASL
Salarias guttatus Breast-Spot Blenny Blenny TASL
Salarias patzneri Patzner's Blenny Blenny TASL
Salarias segmentatus Segmented Blenny Blenny TASL
Salarias sinuosus Fringelip Blenny Blenny TASL
Salarias sp. Gray-Barred Blenny Salarias Blenny TASL
Sargocentron caudimaculatum
Silverspot Squirrelfish Tailspot Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Sargocentron cornutum 3-Spot Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Sargocentron diadema Crown Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Sargocentron ensiferum Yellow-Striped Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Sargocentron punctatissimum
Speckled Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Sargocentron spiniferum Sabre Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL
Scarus altipinnis Filament-fin Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus chameleon Chameleon Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus dimidiatus Yellowbarred Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus flavipectoralis Yellowfin Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus forsteni Bluepatch Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus frenatus Bridled Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus ghobban Blue-Barred Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus globiceps Globehead Parrotfish Violet-lined Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus oviceps Dark Capped Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus prasiognathos Singapore Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus psittacus Common Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus psittacus Palenose Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus rivulatus Surf Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus rubroviolaceus Ember Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus schelgeli Yellowband Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus sordidus Bullethead Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus sp. Common Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus spinus Greensnout Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scarus tricolor Tricolour Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL
Scolopsis affinis Pale Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis bilineatus 2-Lined Monocle Bream Bridled Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis ciliatus Whitestreak Monocle Bream Saw-jawed Monocle Bream / Silverline Bream
Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis ciliatus Silverline Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis lineata Striped Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis margaritifer Pearly Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis monogramma Monogram Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scolopsis xenochrous Pearl-streak Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis Lowfin Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Scorpaenopsis diabolus False Stonefish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Scorpaenopsis macrochir Flasher Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Scorpaenopsis oxycephala Tasseled Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
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Scorpaenopsis papuensis Papuan Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Sebastapistes cyanostigma
Yellow-Spotted Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Selenotoca multifasciata Spotbanded Scatfish Scatfish TASL
Serranocirrhitus latus Hawkfish Anthias Anthias TASL
Siganus argenteus Streamlined Spinefoot Forktail Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus canaliculatus White-Spotted Rabbitfish Vermiculated Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus corallinus Blue-Spotted Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus doliatus Barred Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus guttatus Golden Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus javus Streaked Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus lineatus Golden-Lined Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus puellus Masked Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus punctatissimus Fine-Spotted Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus spinus Little Spinefoot Scribbled Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus vermiculatus Vermiculated Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus virgatus Barhead Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL
Siganus vulpinus Foxface Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL
Signigobius biocellatus Twinspot Goby Signal Goby Goby TASL
Solenostomus paradoxus Ornate Ghosh Pipefish Ornate Ghosh Pipefish Pipefish TASL
Sphaeramia nematoptera Pajama Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Sphaeramia orbicularis Orbicular Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Stanulus seychellensis Seychelles Blenny Blenny TASL
Stegastes fasciolatus Pacific Gregory/Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Stegastes lividus Bluntsnout Gregory/Damselfish Marquesan Gregory Damselfish TASL
Stegastes nigricans Dusky Gregory/Damselfish Damselfish TASL
Stegostoma fasciatum Zebra Shark Shark LCSL
Stethojulis bandanensis Red Shoulder Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Stethojulis interrupta Cutribbon Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Stethojulis strigiventer 3-Ribbon Wrasse Three-line Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Stethojulis trilineata 3-Lined Rainbowfish Wrasse TASL
Stonogobiops xanthorhinica
Yellownose Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Sufflamen bursa Bursa Triggerfish Boomerang Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Sufflamen chrysopterus Halfmoon Triggerfish Flagtail Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Sufflamen fraenatum Masked Triggerfish Bridled Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL
Symphorichthys spilurus Sailfin Snapper Snapperfish TASL
Synanceia horrida Estuarine Stonefish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Synanceia verrucosa Stonefish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Synchiropus bartlesi Bartel's Dragonet Dragonet TASL
Synchiropus marmoratus Marbled Dragonet Dragonet TASL
Synchiropus ocellatus Ocellated Dragonet Dragonet TASL
Synchiropus picturatus Picturesque Dragonet Dragonet TASL
Synchiropus splendidus Mandarinfish Dragonet TASL
Synodus rubromarmoratus Redmarbled Lizardfish Lizardfish TASL
Synodus variegatus Reef Lizardfish Variegated Lizardfish Lizardfish TASL
Taenianotus triacanthus Leaf Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL
Taeniura lymma Bluespotted Ribbontail Ray Stingray TASL
Thalassoma amblycephalum
Bluntheaded Wrasse Two-tone Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma hardwicke 6-Bar Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma jansenii Jansen's Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma lunare Thalassoma Wrasse Moon Wrasse / Crescent Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma lutescens Yellow-Brown Wrasse Sunset Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma purpureum Surge Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma quinquevittatum
5-Stripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Thalassoma trilobatum Christmas Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Toxotes chatareus Largescale Archerfish Archerfish TASL
Toxotes jaculatrix Banded Archerfish Archerfish TASL
Triaenodon obesus White-Tip Reef Shark Shark LCSL
Trichonotus halstead Goldbar Sand Diver Sand Diver TASL
Trichonotus setiger Spotted Sand-Diver Sand Diver TASL
Trimma naudei Naude's Rubble Goby Goby TASL
Trimma striata Stripehead Goby Goby TASL
Trimma tevegae Blue-Striped Cave Goby Goby TASL
Upeneus sulphureus Sulphur Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Upeneus tragula Freckled Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Upeneus vittatus Yellowstriped Goatfish Goatfish TASL
Uropterygius concolor Unicolor Snake Moray Moray TASL
Uropterygius macrocephalus
Needle-Tooth Moray Moray TASL
Valenciennea helsdingenii 2-Stripe Goby Goby TASL
Valenciennea longipinnis Long-Finned Goby Goby TASL
Valenciennea muralis Mural Goby Goby TASL
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Valenciennea puellaris Maiden Goby Orange-Dashed Goby Goby TASL
Valenciennea sexguttata 6-Spot Goby Clear Goby Goby TASL
Valenciennea strigata Blueband Goby Goby TASL
Valenciennea wardii Ward's Sleeper Goby TASL
Vanderhorstia ambanoro Twin-Spotted Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL
Vanderhorstia mertensi Mertens' Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Vanderhorstia ornatissima Ornate Prawn-Goby Goby TASL
Variola louti Yellow-Edged Lyretail Grouper TASL
Wetmorella nigropinnata Sharpnose Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Xenojulis margaritaceus Finspot Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Xiphasia setifer Hairtail Blenny Blenny TASL
Xyrichthys pavo Pavo Razorfish Razorfish TASL
Xyrichtys pentadactylus 5-Finger Wrasse Wrasse TASL
Yongeichthys nebulosus Shadow Goby Goby TASL
Zanclus cornotus Moorish Idol Morish Idol TASL
Zebrasoma rostratum Longnose Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Twotone Tang Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Zebrasoma veliferum Sailfin Tang Tang/Surgeonfish TASL
Zoramia gilberti Gilbert's Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Zoramia leptacantha Threadfin Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL
Appendix 2: Marine Aquarium Invertebrates List
PNG MARINE AQUARIUM INVERTEBRATES SPECIES
Scientific Name Common Traded Name Other Common Name Other Traded
Name/s Group Classification
Acanthaster planci Crown-Of-Thorn Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Acanthella cavernosa Spiny Orange Sponge Sponge TASL
Acanthella sp. Ball Sponge Sponge TASL
Acanthozoon sp. Spotted Black Flatworm Marine Worm TASL
Actinodendron arboreum Branching Anemone Abonimate Sea Anemone Anemone TASL
Actinodendron sp. Hellfire Anemone Anemone TASL
Alioporcellana sp. Soft Coral Porcellanid Crab Crab TASL
Allogalathea elegans Elegant Squat Lobster Lobster TASL
Alpheus djiboutensis Djibout Snapping Shrimp Pistol Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Alpheus sp. Purple Shrimp Snapping Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Alpheus strenuus Symbiosis Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Alpheus yaldwyni Red Stripe Symbiosis Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Amphianthus sp. Colonial Anemone Anemone TASL
Amplexidicus sp. Elephant Ear Polyps Polyp TASL
Amplexidiscus fenestrafer Fenestrafer Elephant Ear Polyps Giant Cup (Fenestrafer) Polyp TASL
Aniculus maximum Hairy Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Arachnanthus sp. Nocturnal Tube Anemone Anemone TASL
Archaster typicus Sand Star Typical Sand Star Sea Star TASL
Architectonica perspectiva Sundial Shell Sea Shell TASL
Astraea caelata Star Snail Snail TASL
Astropecten sp. Sand Swifter Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Astropyga radiata Radiant Sea Urchin Fire Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Atrina pectinata Razor Clam Sea Shell TASL
Atriolum robustum Sea Squirts Ascidian TASL
Axiopsis sp. Ghost Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Bispira guinensis Feather Duster Pink Feather Duster Pink White Feather Sea Star TASL
Bornella anguilla Slippery Bornella Slug/Nudibranch USL
Briareum sp. Carpet Polyp Polyp TASL
Calappa calappa Shame-face Crab Crab TASL
Calappa hepatica Box Crab Livid Box Crab Crab TASL
Calcinus elegans Blue Legs Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Calcinus minutus Minute Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Calcinus sp. Red Leg/Blue Knuckle Hermit Crab Hermit Crab (Carcinus sp.) Crab TASL
Calcinus tibicen Red Leg Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Caloria indica Indian Ocean Caloria Slug/Nudibranch USL
Camposcia retusa Decorator Crabs Decorator Spider Crab Crab TASL
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Caphyra sp. Decorator Spider Crab Crab TASL
Cassiopea andromeda Upside-down Jellyfish Jellyfish TASL
Celerina heffernani Heffernan's Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Ceratosoma sinuatum Miamira Sinuata Slug/Nudibranch TASL
Cerianthus sp. Tube Anemone Anemone TASL
Charybdis sp. Swimming Crabs Crab TASL
Cheilodonura electra Electric Tailed Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chelidonura inornata Inormate Tailed Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chelidonura sp. Chelidonura Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chicoreus microphyllus Short-fronded Murex Shell Sea Shell TASL
Chicoreus ramosus Ramosus Murex Shell Sea Shell TASL
Chlamys squamosa Scallop Sea Shell TASL
Choriaster granulatus Pillow Sea Star Doughboy Sea Star
Cushion Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Chromodoris bullocki Antenna Purple Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris egrettae Egrett's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris elizabethina Elizabeth's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris geometrica Geometric Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris kuiteri Antenna Orange Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris kuniei Kuniei's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris lochi Antenna White Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris magnifica Magnificent Sea Slug Magnificent Chromodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris quadricolor Antenna Multicolor Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris reticulata Reticulated Sea Slug Sea Slug USL
Chromodoris sp. Black Sea Slug Black Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Chromodoris strigata Strigate Chromodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL
Cladiella sp. Soft Coral Colt Tree Soft Coral TASL
Clathria sp. Peach Encrusting Sponge Sea Sponge TASL
Clavularia sp. Star Polyps (Clavularia sp.) Polyp TASL
Clavularia viridis Star Polyps (Viridis) Polyp TASL
Clibanarius seurati Hermit Crab (Seurati) Crab TASL
Clibanarius sp. Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Collisella striata Limpet Sea Shell TASL
Colobocentrotus atratus Shield Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Colochirus robustus Yellow Mini Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Comanthina schlegelii Noble Feather Sea Star Sea Shell TASL
Comanthus parvicirrus Black Feather Sea Star
Feather Sea Star TASL
Comanthus sp. Colored Feather Sea Star Feather Sea Star TASL
Comaster multifidus Brown Feather Sea Star Feather Sea Star TASL
Conus capitaneus Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus eburneus Ivory Cone Shell Spotted Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus flavidus Flavidus Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus litteratus Litter Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus marmoreus Marbled Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus planorbis Planorbis Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus sp. Cone Snail Sea Shell TASL
Conus textilus Textile Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus vexillum Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Conus virgo Virgo Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL
Coralliophila neritoidea Pink Shell Coral Shell Sea Shell TASL
Coriocella nigra Black Shell Slug Black Coriocella Sea Shell USL
Cryptodendrum adhaesivum Adhesive Sea Anemone Anemone TASL
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Ctenocella sp. Flayed Sea Fan Anemone TASL
Cucumaria miniata Pink Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Culcita novaeguineae Pin Cushion Sea Star Pillow Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Culcita sp. Square Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Cymatium lotorium Black-spotted Triton Hairy Trumpet Shell Sea shell TASL
Cypraea annulus Gold-Ringed Money Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea arabica Arabica Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea argus Argus Cowry Eyed Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea aurantium Aurantium Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea chinensis Chinese Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea eglantina Eglantina Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea erosa Erosa Cowry Eroded Cowry Univalves TASL
Cypraea histrio Histrio Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea lynx Lynx Cowry Univalves TASL
Cypraea moneta Money Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea ovum Ovum Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea sp. Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea teres Teres Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea tigris Tiger Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Cypraea vitellus Vitellus Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Dardanus guttatus Blue-spotted Hermit Crab Red Knee Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Dardanus lagopodes Red Banded Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Dardanus megistos Red Hermit Crab White-spotted Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Dardanus pedunculatus Anemone Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Dardanus sp. Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Dascycaris zanzibarica Zanzibar Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Dematobranchus sp. Speckled Dematobranchus Slug/Nudibranch USL
Dendronephthya sp. Cauliflower Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Diadema savignyi Long Spined Hatpin Urchins (Savignyi) Sea Urchin TASL
Diadema setosum Long Spined Hatpin Urchins (Setosum) Sea Urchin TASL
Didemnum molle Green Sea Squirt TASL
Discosoma sp. Mushroom Corallimoph TASL
Dolabella auricularia Eared Sea Hare Shoulderblade Sea Cat/Blunt-end Sea Hare Sea Hare TASL
Drupa morum Drupe Shell Purple Drupe / Mulberry Drupe / Sharp Shell Sea Shell TASL
Drupa rubusidaeus Drupe Shell Sea Shell TASL
Echinaster luzonicus Luzon Sea Star Orange Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Echinogorgia sp. Stolid Sea Fan Sea Star TASL
Echinometra mathaei Common Algae Sea Urchins Mathae's Rock Boring Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Echinometra sp. Rock boring Sea Urchin Pencil Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Echinostrephus aciculatus Needle Spined Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Echinothrix calamaris Banded Urchin Long Spined Hatpin Urchins Sea Urchin TASL
Echinothrix diadema Short Spine Hatpin Urchin Double-Spined Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Enoplometopus debelius Purple Reef Lobster Lobster TASL
Enoplometopus occidentalis
Oriental Reef Lobster / Red Hairy Reef Lobster Lobster TASL
Entacmaea quadricolor Bubbletip Anemone Bulb Anemone Anemone TASL
Erythropodium sp. Encrusting Carpet Polyps Polyp TASL
Etisus sp. Reef Crab Crab TASL
Eurythoe complanata Bristle Worm Polychaete Worm TASL
Flabellina bilas Bilas Flabellina Slug/Nudibranch USL
Flabellina exoptata Desired Flabellina Slug/Nudibranch USL
Fromia indica Indian Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Fromia milleporella Thousand-pores Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Fromia monilis Red Starfish Dotty White Necklace Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Fromia sp. Purple-Tip Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Galathea sp. White-Spotted Squat Lobster Lobster TASL
Glossodoris atromarginata Black-Margined Glossodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL
Glossodoris cincta Girdled Glossodoris Sea Star TASL
Gomophia egeriae Egeri's Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Gomophia watsoni Watson's Sea Star Sea Star TASL
71 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Gomphia gomphia Beaded Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Gorgonian fan Colored Gorgonian Sea Fan TASL
Halgerda aurantiomaculata Gold-Spotted Halgerda Slug/Nudibranch USL
Haliclona sp. Trumpet sponge Sponge TASL
Halimeda capiosa Coralline Alga Algae TASL
Haliotis ovina Ovate Abalone Sheep's Ear Abalone Sea Shell TASL
Haliotis sp. Miscellaneous Gastropod Sea Shell TASL
Hamodactylus corallicola Mushroom Coral Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Hapalochiaena maculosa Blue Ring Octopus Octopus TASL
Heteractis aurora Beaded Anemone Anemone LCSL
Heteractis crispa Sand Anemone Leathery Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL
Heteractis magnifica Purple Base Anemone Magnificent Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL
Heteractis malu Delicate Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL
Heteractis sp. Clown Anemone Leathery Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL
Heterocentrotus mammillatus Globe Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Hexabranchus sanguineus Giant Spanish Dancer Slug/Nudibranch USL
Himerometra robustipinna Robust Feather Star
Feather Sea Star TASL
Holothuria atra Sand Cucumber Black Sea Cucumber BSL
Holothuria edulis Pink Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Holothuria floridana Atlantic Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Holothuria fuscogilva White Teatfish Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Holothuria hilla Papillate Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Holothuria leucospilota Snakefish Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Holothuria nobilis Black Teatfish Sea cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Huenia heraldica Arrowhead Crab Crab TASL
Hymmenocera picta Harlequin Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Hyotissa hyotis Giant Coxcomb Oyster Sea Shell TASL
Hypselodoris bullockii
Bullock's Hypselodoris Nudibranch Sea Slug USL
Jorunna funebris Jorunna's Sea Slug White Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Junceela fragilis Delicate Sea Whip Sea Whip TASL
Lambis chiragra Chiragra Spider Shell Sea Shell TASL
Lambis lambis Lambis Spider Conch Shell Sea Shell TASL
Lambis scorpius Scorpion Spider Shell Sea Shell TASL
Latrunculia corticata Red Finger Sponge / Orange Finger Sponge Sponge TASL
Lima scabra Flame Scallop Red File Shell Clam Sea Shell TASL
Lima sp. Flame Shell Sea Shell TASL
Limaria fragilis Fragile Fire Shell Sea Shell TASL
Linckia guildingi Yellow Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Linckia laevigata Blue Starfish Sea Star TASL
Linckia multiflora Multicolored Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Linckia sp. Orange Starfish Sea Star TASL
Lissocarcinus laevis Sea Anemone Crab Crab TASL
Lithophyton arboreum Arboreum Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Lobophytum sp. Leather Finger Soft Coral (Lobophytum sp.) Soft Coral TASL
Lopha cristagalli Cock's Comb Oyster Sea Shell TASL
Lophiotoma acuta Marbled Turrid Shell Sea Star TASL
Lybia tessellata Boxer Crab Crab TASL
Lysmata amboinensis Orange Skunk Shrimp Amboin Cleaner Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Lysmata sp. Peppermint Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Macrodactyla doreensis Corkscrew Tenticle Anemone Anemone LCSL
Macrodactyla sp. Long Tentacle Anemone Anemone LCSL
Maja squinado Spiny Spider Crab Crab TASL
Majidae sp. Decorator Crab Crab TASL
Mancinella echinata Prickly Rock Shell Sea Shell TASL
Megalomma sp. Variegated Feather Duster Feather Sea Star TASL
Melible fimbriata Common Crab Crab TASL
Mespilia sp. Multicolor Short Spine Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Mespilla globulus Globe Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Mictyris sp. Soldier Crab Crab TASL
72 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Nardoa novaecaledoniae Speckled Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Nardoa sp. Speckled Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Nardoa turberculata Tuberculate Sea Star Speckled Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Nassarius papillosus Dog Whelk Sea Shell TASL
Nembrotha lineolata Lined Nembrotha Slug/Nudibranch USL
Nempthea sp. Nempthea Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Neocallichirus sp. Orange Ghost Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Neoferdina cumingi Cumming's Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Neopetrolisthes maculatus Anemone Porcelain Crab Crab TASL
Neopetrolisthes ohshimai Oshima's Porcellanid Crab Crab TASL
Nephthyigorgia sp. Red Chillie Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Nepthea sp. Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Nerita polita Nerita Shell Sea Shell TASL
Notodoris gardeneri Yellow Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Notodoris sp. Winged Notodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL
Octopus sp. Common Octopus Octopus TASL
Octopus vulgaris Brown Octopus Squitte Brown Octopus TASL
Octopus zebra Zebra Octopus Wanderpus Octopus LCSL
Odontodactylus scyllarus Green Mantis Shrimp
Mantis Shrimp / Harlequin Mantis Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Opheodesoma sp. Worm Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL
Ophiarachna incrassata Green Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiarachna sp. Brittle Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Ophiarachnella gorgonia Brown Banded Brittle Sea Star Gorgon Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiarachnella sp. Banded Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiarthrum elegans Elegant Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiarthrum pictum Brittle Sea Star Pictum Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiathrum sp. Sea Fan Brittle Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Ophiocoma sp. Black Brittle Sea Star Black Brittle Star / Black/Spiny Brittle Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophioderma sp. Colored Brittle Sea Star
Black Brittle Starffish / White Brittle Starffish / Gray Brittle Starffish
Banded Serpent Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiolepis sp. Serpent Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Ophiolepis superba Black Banded Sea Star Superba Serpent Star Sea Star TASL
Ophiomastix janualis Black Brittle Sea Star Babysitting Brittlestar Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiomastix sp. Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiomastix variabilis Elegant Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophionereis reticulata Reticulated Brittle Star Sea Star TASL
Ophionereis sp. Reticulated Brittle Star Sea Star TASL
Ophiothrix armata Common Brittle Seastar Sea Star TASL
Ophiothrix nereidina Pupple-striped Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Ophiothrix purpurea Purple Sponge Brittle Sea Star Sea Fan Brittle Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiothrix sp. Sponge Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiothrix sp. Fancy Yellow Sea Star Sponge Brittle Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ophiothrum pictum Painted Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL
Ovula ovum Egg Cowry Sea Shell TASL
Oxycomanthus bennetti Bennett's Feather Sea Star
Feather Sea Star TASL
Oxycomanthus sp. Colored Feather Sea Star Feather Sea Star TASL
Pachyclavularia violacea Star Polyps Polyp TASL
Paguristes sp. Red Legged Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Palinurella wieneckii Red Dwarf Spiny Lobster Lobster TASL
Palythoa caesia Investing Zoanthids Zoanthid TASL
73 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Palythoa sp. False Coral Polyp Zoanthid TASL
Palythoa tuberculosa Tuberculosa Polyp Zoanthid TASL
Panulirus versicolor Spiny Lobster Painted Rock Lobster Lobster TASL
Parasalenia gratiosa Short Spinned Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Parasalenia poehlii Poehl's Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Parasalenis gratiosa White-Tip Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Parazoanthus gracilis Polyps Rock Polyp TASL
Parazoanthus sp. Wood Polyps Zoanthid TASL
Parribacus antarcticus Sculptured Slipper Lobster Lobster TASL
Patelloida saccharina Limpet Sea Shell TASL
Pedum spondyloideum Coral Scallop Sea Shell TASL
Percnon guinotae Guinot's Swift Footed Crab Crab TASL
Periclimenes brevicarpalis Sexy Shrimp Anemone Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes holthuisi Sexy Anemone Shrimp
Glass Anemone Shrimp / Holthuis's Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes imperator Emperor Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes magnificus Magnificent Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes soror Sea Star Shrimp Soror Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes sp. Snow-Cap Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes tenuipes Glass Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes tosaensis Tosaensis Anemone Shrimp Anemone shrimp Shrimp TASL
Periclimenes venustus Graceful Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Phakellia flabillata Orange Fan Sponge Sponge TASL
Phallusia julinea Julin's Ascidian Ascidian TASL
Philinopsis gardineri Gardener's Tailed Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phos senticosus Common Pacific Phos Shell Sea Shell TASL
Phyllidia arabica Arabica Black Nudibranch (Assorted) Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia babai Baba's Phyllidia Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia coelestis Celestrial Phyllidia Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia elegans White Nudibranch (Assorted) Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia ocellata Ocellate Phyllidia Ocellate Warty Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia pustulosa Pustolose Sea Slug Pustolose Phyllidia Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia sp. Red Turtle Nudibranch Warty Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia varicosa Varicose Sea Slug Fish Killing Nudibranch Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidia willani Willan's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Phyllidiopsis shireenae Shiren's Phyllidiopsis Slug/Nudibranch USL
Pinctada margaritifera Blacklip Pearl Shell Pearl Oyster Sea Shell TASL
Pinna bicolor Pen Shell Sea Shell TASL
Pisaster sp. Pisaster Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Plagusia depressa Surge Crab Crab TASL
Plagusia depressa. Red Spotted Sea Slug Sea Slug USL
Plakobranchus sp. Hooded Plakobranchus Green Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Pleurobranchus grandis Tailed Sea Slug Sea Slug USL
Pleuroploca filamentosa Threaded Band Shell Sea Shell TASL
Polycarpa aurata Monkey Sponge Gold-mouthed Ascidian Sponge TASL
Polychaeta terebellidae Spaghetti Worm Marine Worm TASL
Polythoa caesia False Coral Polyp Zoanthid TASL
Prionociclaris baculosa Crown Spined Pencil Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Protopalythoa grandis Button Polyps Big Colonial Polyps Polyp TASL
Protoreaster nodosus Chocolate Chip Sea Star Horned Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Protoreaster sp. Horned Starfish Sea Star TASL
Protorester nodosus Chocolate Chip Sea Star Sea Star TASL
74 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Protorester sp. Chocolate Sea Star Sea Star TASL
Protula bispiralis Coco Worm Marine Worm TASL
Pseudobiceros hancockanus Handcock Flatworm Marine Worm TASL
Pseudoceros dimidiatus Dimidiatus Polyclad flatworm Marine Worm TASL
Pseudoceros sp. Polyclad Flatworm Marine Worm TASL
Pseudocolchirus sp. Sea Apple Multicolour Sea Cucumber BSL
Pseudosuberites andrewsi Yellow Sponge Sponge TASL
Pseudovertagus aluco Aluco's Shell Sea Shell TASL
Pteraeolidia ianthina Violet Pteraeolidia Slug/Nudibranch TASL
Reticulidia fungia Abstract Reticulidia Slug/Nudibranch USL
Reticulidia halgerda Decorated Reticulidia Slug/Nudibranch USL
Rhodactis inchoata Small Elephant Ear Corallimoph TASL
Rhodactis indosinensis
Small Hairy Elephant Ear Corallimorphs Corallimoph TASL
Rhodactis mussoides Oval Elephant Ear Corallimophs Corallimoph TASL
Rhodactis rhodostoma Giant Cup (Rhodostoma) Corallimoph TASL
Rhodactis sp. Bullseye Mushroom Corallimoph TASL
Rhopalaea crassa Blue Ascidians Tude Asidians Ascidian TASL
Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Camel Shrimp Hinge-beak Shrimp Durban Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Rhynchocinetes sp. Hinge-beak Shrimp Red Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Ricordea sp. Beaded Corallimorph Mushroom Corallimoph TASL
Ricordea yuma Pimple Mushroom Mushroom Coral TASL
Risbecia imperialis Imperial Risbecia Slug/Nudibranch USL
Robastra arika (Roboastra)
Black Nudibranch / Green Nudibranch Slug/Nudibranch USL
Robastra sp. (Roboastra) Green Nudibranch Slug/Nudibranch USL
Sabellastarte indica Indica Tube Worm Marine Worm TASL
Sabellastarte magnifica Magnificient Tube Worm Marine Worm TASL
Sabellastarte sp. Feather Duster Assorted Paper Tube Worm Feather Sea Star TASL
Sabellastarte spectabilis Feather Duster
Feather Sea Star TASL
Sacrophyton ehrenbergi
Leather Mushroom Soft Coral (Ehrenbergi) Soft Coral TASL
Sarcophyton glaucum
Leather Mushroom Soft Coral (Glaucum) Soft Coral TASL
Sarcophyton sp. Leather Mushroom Soft coral Soft Coral TASL
Sarcophyton teniu spiculatum
Leather Mushroom Soft Coral (Teniu Spiculatum) Soft Coral TASL
Sarcoptilus sp. Sea Comb / Sea Pen Soft Coral TASL
Saron inermis Marble Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Saron marmoratus Marble Shrimp Marmorate Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Saron rectirostris Purple Legs Marble Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Saron sp. Tapestry Shrimp Marble Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Sinularia dura Flower Leather Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Sinularia flexibilis Leather Finger Soft Coral (Flexibilis) Soft Coral TASL
Sinularia sp. Leather Finger Soft Coral (Sinularia sp.) Soft Coral TASL
Spirastrella vagabunda Mound Sponge Sponge TASL
Spirobranchus corniculatus Multicolor Worms (Porites) Marine Worm TASL
Spirobranchus giganteus Christmas Tree Worms
Polychaete Worm TASL
Spondylus sp. Thorny Oyster Sea Shell TASL
Stegopontonia commensalis Sea Urchin Shrimps Shrimp TASL
Stenopus cyanoscelis Blue Legs Boxing Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Stenopus hispidus Banded Coral Shrimp Banded Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Stenopus sp. Banded Coral Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Stenopus tenuirostris Blue Boxer Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Stenopus zanzibaricus
Red Boxing Shrimp / Yellow Boxing Shrimp Shrimp TASL
75 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Stepanometra comaster Giant Feather Sea Star
Feather Sea Star TASL
Stichodactyla gigantea Giant Carpet Anemone Gigantic Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL
Stichodactyla haddoni Carpet Anemone Haddon's Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL
Stichodactyla mertensii Merten's Carpet Anemone Anemone LCSL
Stichodactyla sp. Multicolor Carpet Anemone Anemone LCSL
Stichopus horrens Dragon Fish Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber TASL
Strombus alatus Conch Sea Shell TASL
Strombus aratrum Black Mouthed Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Strombus aurisdianea Aurisdianea Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Strombus bula Stromb Shell (Bulla) Spiny Strumbus Sea Shell TASL
Strombus epidromis Stromb Shell (Epidromis) Sea Shell TASL
Strombus gibberulus Gibbose Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Strombus luhuanus Luhuanus Stromb Shell Red Mouthed Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Strombus minimus Minimus Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Strombus sp. Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Strombus variabilis Variable Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL
Studeriotes sp. Christmas Tree Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Stylissa carteri Corn Sponge Sponge TASL
Stylissa sp. Tube, Lollipop Sponge Sponge TASL
Stylocheilus longicauda Sea Hare Algae Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Synalpheus stimpsonii Black Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Synapta maculata Spotted Sea Cucumber (Medusa worm) Sea Cucumber TASL
Tectarius pagodus Periwinkle Gastropod Sea Shell TASL
Tectus niloticus Top Shell Sea Shell TASL
Tectus sp. Pyramid Top Shell Sea Shell TASL
Thais armigera Armigera Rock Shell Drupe Shell Sea Shell TASL
Thais tuberosa Tuber-like Rock Shell Sea Shell TASL
Thor amboinensis Amboin Anemone Shrimp Sexy Pistol Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Thuridilla splendens Splendid Sap Sucker Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL
Thysanozoon sp. Polyclad Flatworm Marine Worm TASL
Toxopneustes pileolus Flower Urchin Poison Sea Urchins Sea Urchin TASL
Trachycardium orbita Cardita Clam Sea Shell TASL
Trapezia rufopunctata Trapezia Crab Crab TASL
Trapezia sp. Coral Crab Trapezia Crab Crab TASL
Tridacna crocea Burrowing Giant Clam Sea Shell BSL
Tridacna maxima Elongate Giant Clam Sea Shell BSL
Tridacna squamosa Fluted Giant Clam Sea Shell BSL
Tripneustes gratilla Cake Urchin Sea Urchin TASL
Trizopagurus strigatus Strigated Hermit Crab Crab TASL
Trochus maculatus Maculatus Top Shell Maculate Shell Sea Shell TASL
Turbo chrysostoma Turban Shell (Chrysostoma) Sea Shell TASL
Turbo niloticus Niloticus Turban Shell Sea Shell TASL
Turbo petholatus Cat's Eye Turban Shell Sea Shell TASL
Turbo sp. Cat's Eye Turban Shell Sea Shell TASL
Uca vomerus Fiddler Crab Crab TASL
Valonia ventricosa Sailor's Eyeball Algae TASL
Vexillum luculentum Black Banded Mitre Shell Mitre Shell TASL
Vexillum sp. Mitre Shell Sea Shell TASL
Vir philippinensis Philippine Shrimp Shrimp TASL
Virgularia sp. Sea Pen Sea Pen TASL
Xenia sp. Pulse Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL
Xenocarcinus depressus Gorgonia Spider Crab Crab TASL
Zebrida adamsii Urchin Crab Crab TASL
Zoanthus sp. Colonial Polyps Polyp TASL
Appendix 3: Marine Aquarium Hard and Soft Corals List traded
PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARINE AQUARIUM CORAL SPECIES
1 Hard Corals Acanthastrea enchinata Acanthastrea
76 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARINE AQUARIUM CORAL SPECIES
2 Hard Corals Acanthastrea lordhowensis Acanthastrea
3 Hard Corals Acropora formosa Staghorn Acropora Coral
4 Hard Corals Acropora sp. Branch Acropora
5 Hard Corals Alveopora Sp. Flowerpot Coral
6 Hard Corals Blastomussa merletti Salim Pipe/Blastomussa Pipe
7 Hard Corals Blastomussa wellsi Swollen Brain Coral
8 Hard Corals Catalaphyllia jardinei Elegant Coral
9 Hard Corals Caulestrea curvata Trumpet Coral
10 Hard Corals Caulestrea furcata Candy Cane Coral
11 Hard Corals Cynarina lacrymalis Modern Coral
12 Hard Corals Enchinophyllia sp. Enchinophyllia
13 Hard Corals Euphylia yaeyamaensis Tube Branch Grape Coral
14 Hard Corals Euphyllia ancora Hammer Coral
15 Hard Corals Euphyllia divisa Frogspawn/Anchor Coral
16 Hard Corals Euphyllia glabrescens Torch Coral
17 Hard Corals Euphyllia paradivisa Torch Coral
18 Hard Corals Euphyllia sp Green Branch Coral
19 Hard Corals Favia sp. Moon Stone Coral
20 Hard Corals Favites sp. Pineapple Coral
21 Hard Corals Fungia sp. Short Polyp Plate Coral
22 Hard Corals Galaxea fascicularis Galaxi Star Coral
23 Hard Corals Goniopora sp. Jewel or Flowerpot Coral
24 Hard Corals Heliofungia actiniformis Long Tentacled Green Plate Coral
25 Hard Corals Heliofungia sp. Long TentacledPlate Coral
26 Hard Corals Labophyllia hemprichii Brain Coral
27 Hard Corals Leptoria phrygia True Brain Coral
28 Hard Corals Lobophylia sp. Flat Brain Coral
29 Hard Corals Merulina sp. Ruffled Coral
30 Hard Corals Montipora danae Superman Danae
31 Hard Corals Montipora sp. Montipora Coral
32 Hard Corals Nemenzophyllia turbida Fox Coral
33 Hard Corals Pectinia paeonia Palm Lettuce Coral
34 Hard Corals Physogyra lichtensteini Pearl/ Bubble Coral
35 Hard Corals Physogyra sp. Rice Coral
36 Hard Corals Plerogyra simplex Branch Bubble Coral
37 Hard Corals Plerogyra sinuosa Cat-eye/Bubble Coral
38 Hard Corals Pocillopora verrucosa Pink Cauliflower
39 Hard Corals Polyphyllia talpina Slipper/Tongue Coral
40 Hard Corals Porites cylindrica Jeweled Finger Coral
41 Hard Corals Porites sp. Porites Sp. W/Multicolor Feather Duster
42 Hard Corals Scleractina sp. Live Rock w/ Red Algae
43 Hard Corals Scolymia sp. Doughnut Coral
44 Hard Corals Seriatopora histrix Birdnest Coral
45 Hard Corals Symphyllia sp. Dented Brain Coral
46 Hard Corals Trachyphyllia geofroyi Open Brain Coral
47 Hard Corals Tubastrea faulkneri Sun Coral
48 Hard Corals Tubastrea micrantha Black Sun Coral
49 Hard Corals Tubinaria reniformis Yellow Scroll Coral
50 Hard Corals Tubipora musica Organ Pipe Coral
77 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARINE AQUARIUM CORAL SPECIES
51 Hard Corals Turbinaria peltata Pagoda / Cup Coral
52 Hard Corals Wellosophyllia sp. Open Brain
53 Soft Corals Cladiella sp. Soft Coral Colt Tree
78 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
II. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT (RAM) SURVEY FORMS AND SHEETS
Appendix 4: Dive Site Description Table
PNG Resource Assessment & Management (RAM) Survey Dive Site Description Sheet
Reef Name:
BASIC INFORMATION
Owner/s of the Reefs: Province/District: Area/Site
Date: Time: Start of survey:
End of
survey:
Latitude (deg. min. sec):
Longitude (deg. min.
sec) :
Reefs Structure: Fringing Reefs Barrier Reefs Islets
Spur and
Groove
Platform (mid-
lagoon) Drop-off
Seagrass
beds Atolls
Marine Habitat: Reefs: Sand: Rock: Mud:
Beach:
Transect Orientation: S-N N-S E-W W-E
NW-SE SE-NW NE-SW SW-NE
Depth: Minimum Depth Maximum Depth
Distance : from shore (m): from nearest river (km):
River mouth width: <10 m 11-50 m
51-100
m 101-500 m
Distance to nearest population center (km):
Population size
(x1000):
Travel Time from Airport: Type of Transportation
Communication: Cellphone Landline
Sat-
Phone Radio
Weather: sunny cloudy raining
Visibility (m) :
Why is this site selected:
Is this best reef in the
area? Yes: No :
IMPACTS:
Is this site:
Always
sheltered: Sometimes: Exposed:
Major coral damaging storms Yes: No If yes, When was last storm:
79 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Overall anthropogenic impact None: Low: Med: High:
Is siltation a problem Never: Occasionally: Often: Always:
Blast fishing None: Low: Med: High:
Poison fishing (plants,
Sodium Cyanide) None: Low: Med: High:
Aquarium fishing None: Low: Med: High:
Harvest inverts for food None: Low: Med: High:
Harvest inverts for curio
sales None: Low: Med: High:
Tourist diving/snorkeling: None: Low: Med: High:
Sewage pollution (outfall or
boat) None: Low: Med: High:
Industrial pollution None: Low: Med: High:
Commercial fishing (fish
caught to sell for food) None: Low: Med: High:
Live food fish trade None: Low: Med: High:
Artisinal/recreational
(personal consumption) None: Low: Med: High:
How many yachts are
typically present within 1km
of this site None: Few (1-2):
Med (3-
5): Many (>5):
Other impacts:
PROTECTION:
Any protection (legal or
other) at this site? Yes No If yes, answer questions below
Is protection enforced Yes: No:
What is the level of poaching
in protected area? None: Low: Med: High
Check which activities below
are banned:
Spearfishing
Commercial fishing
Recreational fishing
Invertebrate or shell
collecting
Anchoring
Diving
Other (please specify)
Other comments
TEAM INFORMATION
80 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Submitted by Site Coordinator:
Team Leader:
Team Members:
Note: All pink boxes should be answered
81 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendix 5: Spreadsheet Sample for inputting invertebrates
Papua New Guinea Assessment &Management (RAM) Survey Invertebrates Data Entry Sheets
DATE PROVIN
CE DISTRI
CT FMA TYPE OF SURVEY TRANSECT NAME RECORDER
REEF ZONE HABITAT
DEPTH (M)
VISIBILITY
TARGET GRP CLASS Trade Name SPECIES Count
Size (cm)
15-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Selma Pamolak Crest HC,RK,RB 4m 10 m Invertebrates TASL
Yellow Sea Star Linckia guildingi 2 22
15-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Selma Pamolak Crest HC,RK,RB 4m 10 m Invertebrates TASL Blue Sea Star
Linckia laevigata 4 28
15-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Selma Pamolak Crest HC,RK,RB 4m 10 m Invertebrates TASL Sand Sea Star
Archaster typicus 227 X
16-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Pero Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Simeon Daple Shallow HC,SG,RB 2m 7 m Invertebrates TASL
Banded Coral Shrimp
Stenopus hispidus 3 X
16-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Pero Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Simeon Daple Shallow HC,SG,RB 2m 7 m Invertebrates TASL
Red Hermit Crab
Dardanus megistos 6 X
16-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Pero Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Simeon Daple Shallow HC,SG,RB 2m 7 m Invertebrates TASL Sexy Shrimp
Thor amboinensis 2 X
82 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendix 6: Spreadsheet sample for transcribing Vertebrates data.
Papua New Guinea Assessment &Management (RAM) Survey Vertebrates Data Entry Sheets
DATE PROVINCE DISTRICT FMA TYPE OF SURVEY TRANSECT
NAME RECORDER REEF ZONE HABITAT DEPTH (M) VISIBILITY TARGET GRP CLASS Trade Name SPECIES Count Size (cm)
1-Dec-09 NCD
Hiri District Taurama FRA Gadawa2A_SH1 Philip Sokou Shallow SD,SL,HC 4.5 4 Vertebrates TASL Red Wrasse Coris gaimard 6 4
2-Dec-09 NCD
Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3 Philip Sokou Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Vertebrates TASL Blue Tang Paracanthurus hepatus 8 10
2-Dec-09 NCD
Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3 Philip Sokou Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Vertebrates TASL Gold Nugget Wrasse Xenojulis margaritaceus 11 4
21-Sep-09 NCD
Hiri District
Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1
Renante Ruz Shallow
Coral Reef 3 3 Vertebrates TASL Percula Clownfish Amphiprion percula 3 2.5
21-Sep-09 NCD
Hiri District
Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1
Renante Ruz Shallow
Coral Reef 3 3 Vertebrates TASL Auriga Butterflyfish Thalassoma lunare 2 8
22-Sep-09 NCD
Hiri District
Pari Village RRA Varovaro1A_CR1
Renante Ruz Reef Crest
Coral Reef 3 3 Vertebrates TASL Papuan Scorpionfish
Scorpaenopsis papuensis 1 10
Appendix 7: Marine Aquarium Coral Data Sheets
Papua New Guinea Assessment &Management (RAM) Survey Coral Data Entry Sheets
DATE PROVINCE DISTRICT FMA TYPE OF SURVEY TRANSECT
NAME RECORDER REEF ZONE HABITAT DEPTH (M) VISIBILITY TARGET GRP CLASS Trade Name SPECIES Count Size (cm)
1-Dec-09 NCD
Hiri District Taurama FRA Gadawa2A_SH1
Elliot Tovaboda Shallow SD,SL,HC 4.5 4 Coral TASL Crystal Coral
Galaxea fascicularis 1 C
2-Dec-09 NCD
Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3
Elliot Tovaboda Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Coral TASL Merulina ampliata Merulina ampliata 1 A
2-Dec-09 NCD
Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3
Elliot Tovaboda Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Coral TASL Brusg Coral Seriatopora sp. 1 B
21-Sep-09 NCD
Hiri District
Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1 Renante Ruz Shallow
Coral Reef 3 3 Coral TASL Percula Clownfish
Amphiprion percula 1 D
21-Sep-09 NCD
Hiri District
Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1 Renante Ruz Shallow
Coral Reef 3 3 Coral TASL Bushy Staghorn Coral Acropora millepora 2 B
83 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
22-Sep-09 NCD
Hiri District
Pari Village RRA Varovaro1A_CR1 Renante Ruz Reef Crest
Coral Reef 3 3 Coral TASL Leather Coral Sarcophyton sp. 1 E
84 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendix 8: Spreadsheet sample substrates data sheet
PNG Resource Assessment & Management (RAM) Survey Substrates Data Entry
Dive Site Date
Oberver Visibility
Coordinates: Time Start:
Time Finish:
Transect Orientation: Depth:
Segment A Substrate Segment B Substrate Segment C Substrate Segment D Substrate
0.0 25.0 50.0 75.0
0.5 25.5 50.5 75.5
1.0 26.0 51.0 76.0
1.5 26.5 51.5 76.5
2.0 27.0 52.0 77.0
2.5 27.5 52.5 77.5
3.0 28.0 53.0 78.0
3.5 28.5 53.5 78.5
4.0 29.0 54.0 79.0
4.5 29.5 54.5 79.5
5.0 30.0 55.0 80.0
5.5 30.5 55.5 80.5
6.0 31.0 56.0 81.0
6.5 31.5 56.5 81.5
7.0 32.0 57.0 82.0
7.5 32.5 57.5 82.5
8.0 33.0 58.0 83.0
8.5 33.5 58.5 83.5
9.0 34.0 59.0 84.0
9.5 34.5 59.5 84.5
10.0 35.0 60.0 85.0
10.5 35.5 60.5 85.5
11.0 36.0 61.0 86.0
11.5 36.5 61.5 86.5
12.0 37.0 62.0 87.0
12.5 37.5 62.5 87.5
85 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
13.0 38.0 63.0 88.0
13.5 38.5 63.5 88.5
14.0 39.0 64.0 89.0
14.5 39.5 64.5 89.5
15.0 40.0 65.0 90.0
15.5 40.5 65.5 90.5
16.0 41.0 66.0 91.0
16.5 41.5 66.5 91.5
17.0 42.0 67.0 92.0
17.5 42.5 67.5 92.5
18.0 43.0 68.0 93.0
18.5 43.5 68.5 93.5
19.0 44.0 69.0 94.0
19.5 44.5 69.5 94.5
Number of Substrates
HC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RKC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Substrates Percentage
Total
HC 0 0
SC 0 0
SG 0 0
RKC 0 0
AL 0 0
SP 0 0
RC 0 0
RB 0 0
SD 0 0
SI 0 0
OT 0 0
Total 160 100
86 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendix 9: Seafoods Data Sheets
SEAFOOD’S DATA SHEETS
Dive Site: ____________________ Time Started: _____________ Date: ____________________ Time Finished: ____________ Depth: ____________________ Climate: _________________ Visibility: _____________________ Observer: _______________ Transect Orientation: ___________ Transect Line No. _________
Province: Reef Name: Date:
Time: Climate: Observer:
Transect Orientation:
Name of Fish for
foods
Counts Name of Other
Seafood’s (Lobsters,
Cuttlefish, octopus)
Counts
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
14 14
15 15
87 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendix 10: Beche de Mer Data Sheets
BECHE DE MER DATA SHEETS
Dive Site: ____________________ Time Started: _____________ Date: ____________________ Time Finished: ____________ Depth: ____________________ Climate: _________________ Visibility: _____________________ Observer: _______________ Transect Orientation: ___________ Transect Line No. _________
List of Species Counts (Size (L X W)) Type of Habitats
1 Amberfish (Thelenota anax)
2 Black Teatfish (Holothuria nobilis)
3 Blackfish (Actinopyga miliaris)
4 Brown Sandfish (Bohadschia vitiensis)
5 Chalkfish (Bohadschia similis)
6 Curryfish (Stinopus hermanni)
7 Deep-water Redfish (Actinopyga echinites)
8 Dragonfish (Stinopus horrens)
9 Elephant Trunkfish (Holothuria fuscopunctata)
10 Flowerfish (Pearsonothuria graeffei)
11 Greenfish (Stichopus chloronotus)
12 Lollyfish (Holothuria atra)
13 Pinkfish (Holothuria edulis)
14 Frickly Redfish (Thelenota ananas)
15 Sandfish (Holothuria scabra)
16 Snakefish (Holothuria coluber)
17 Stonefish (Actinopyga lecanora)
18 Surf Redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana)
19 Tigerfish (Bohadschia argus)
20 White Teatfish (Holothuria fuscogiva)
21 Papillate Sea Cucumber (Holothuria hilla)
22 Tiger’s Tail (Holothuria leucospilota)
88 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Appendix 11: EcoEZ Diving Policy
Definitions:
Experienced diver - more than 100 hours of dive experience (with dive certificate
proving at least advanced dive certification or equivalent)
Beginner diver - less than 10 hours of dive experience (with dive certificate (from
appropriate authority i.e. PADI) proving at least open water certification.
Requirements:
The observer diver should be certified to a minimum of open water level
certification (or equivalent with other dive schools) with at least 10 hours dive log
documented diving and certification details and updated logbooks.
Only work related dives would be allowed, with direct supervisor/Dive Team
Leader signature on the request.
Divers must have health insurance/life and accident insurance and a separate
insurance that covers diving and drowning incidents (i.e. DAN insurance).
The diver should be in good working condition before commencing any dive:
No excessive alcohol the day before a dive or survey
No chewing of Buai or beetle nut while at work especially during survey.
Should have adequate sleep (preferably 8 hours).
Must drink plenty of fluids and water during the day dives.
Not be under the influence of medications or drugs.
There should be no dive activity when sea conditions are rough (half a meter or
bigger in wave height), staff need to check daily with their head office for weather
reports.
The divers must carry at all times their safety card (with telephone and contact
names of local hospitals and dive doctors) and inform office staff, managers and
their supervisor of communication mechanism if cell phones are not available.
Newly certified diver should only be with a more experienced diver and should
dive within 9 meters deep only.
If a diver has not dove for a least one year, he/she needs to undergo a refresher
course before diving (dive with the experienced diver).
Buddy system is a must when diving. There should be an assigned team leader
89 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
per area. The corresponding buddy should be within eyesight at all times.
Each diving staff should have a monthly dive check up of their equipment and
diving skills in emergency situations with the Chief scientist and / or instructor.
Each SCUBA gear and data’s are responsible by the owner/s to keep.
Emergency Protocol
Emergency Protocol procedures must be prepared and discussed with the boat
operator in case of an emergency prior to the surveys.
The boat captain should be oriented on the underwater dive track and be well
briefed of emergency protocol in case of an emergency. The boat operator
should be in charge of the above security.
In case of a dive or water incident, the able dive buddy or companions should
immediately call the following 1- nearest hospital on capable to aid diving related
accident. 2 -the other dive team or Coordinator, and 3 -their immediate supervisor
as soon as possible.
The divers should use a seaworthy boat that is economical but sturdy enough
and have a spare boat or engine (and communication mechanism) easily
available in case of problems at sea.
Contact Details:
Port Moresby
Port Moresby Medical Services; Telephone numbers. (675) 325-6633, (675)
683-4444
Niugini Air Rescue; Telephone numbers (675) 323-2033, (675) 683-0305
Medivac Pacific Services; Telephone numbers (675) 323 5626, (675) 683 5227
The Dive Centre, Telephone numbers. (675) 323-1355, (675) 324-5200, B-mobile
6831200, Digicel 72162150
EcoEZ PNG Ltd. Office, Telephone number. (675) 3201950, (675) 3201465
Police; Dial 000
Ambulance; Dial 111
Disaster and Emergency contacts (Konedobu); 321 4170
Disaster and Emergency contacts (City Hall); 325 2700
Royal Papua Yatch Club (RPYC); 321 1700 (Channel 84 in Radio)
DAN (Divers Alert Network)
Marine Search and Rescue; Tel number 323-6187
90 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
Oro Province
Disaster and Emergency contacts (Popondetta); 3297345
Hospital; 329 7066
Milne Bay Province
Disaster and Emergency contacts (Alotau); 6411264
Hospital; 641 1200
Standard Operating Procedures in the Field:
Upon Arrival to the area call the office to inform area assigned
List name of persons who to contact in case of emergency
Inform the area coordinator before anything else
Get weather updates from Port Moresby office on a daily basis
RAM Survey Limitations:
No Cave dives
Diver should have rested 24 hours before their flight
Maximum Dive Depth of 50 feet/ Belt transect surveys should not be done deeper
than 80 feet.
Should have an Annual Medical / Physical Examination.
Make sure that all divers have a complete set of diving accessories.
91 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009
EcoEZ Inc. Secretariat
5320 Truman Avenue Alexandria VA, 22304 USA Telephone: 1 703 823 7980 | Fax: 1 703 823 7990 National Fisheries Auhtority
PO Box 2016 Port Moresby, NCD Level 11 Delotte Tower Douglas St. Port Moresby Telephone: 675 309 0444 | Fax: 675 320 2061