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Respiration &
CirculationAccel Bio 2005
Respiration Self-review Topics
• Location & Function of structures of human respiratory system– diaphragm, alveoli, lungs, bronchioles,
bronchi, trachea, larynx, epiglottis, pharynx, nasal cavity, mouth, cilia, mucus, mucous membrane
• Mechanical control of breathing– role of diaphragm and rib cage
Respiration topics for discussion
• Chemical control of breathing– Role of CO2 levels in blood– Blood chemistry & pH
• Oxygen delivery by Hemoglobin & the Bohr effect
• Adaptations to breathing at altitude• Dangers of carbon monoxide, altitude
sickness, & smoking
Chemical control of breathing is controlled by CO2 levels in blood
The medulla controls the breathing rate by monitoring blood pH
Oxygen Delivery by Hemoglobin & the Bohr Effect
Altitiude Adaptations:Hb O2 saturation in different species
Circulation & Blood Self-review Topics• Evolution of vertebrate circulatory systems
– comparative anatomy of fish & mammal heart/ circulation• hearts with 2 & 4 chambers respectively• single circuit blood flow v. dual circuit blood flow (pulmonary &
systemic) respectively
• Location & Function of structures of human circulatory system– Heart structure (chambers, valves & blood vessels) and
path by which blood flows through it (deox. & oxygenated blood)
– Cardiac cycle (systole/diastole, how happens, role of SA node, AV node, Bundle of His)
– Systemic & Pulmonary circulation– Blood vessel structure & function (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Circulation topics for discussion
• Blood pressure & velocity
• Cardiovascular disease (types & causes)
• Blood makeup & function
• ABO Blood typing
• If time: Fetal circulation
Blood Pressure in Various Vessels, Blood Vessel Area & Blood Velocity
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
• CV Disease Risk Factors:– – – – – –
• Examples of CV disease:– Hypertension– Atherosclerosis– Angina pectoris– Coronary thrombosis– Stroke
CV Disease: Atherosclerosis• What is it?
– A good definition & description of arteriosclerosis & atherosclerosis: http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00038850.html
Occlusion (blockage)
Remaining opening
Other Manifestations of CV Disease
• Angina pectoris • Coronary thrombosis• Stroke
Treatment of Atherosclerosis in Coronary Arteries
• Angioplasty
• Angioplasty with Stent insertion
• By-pass surgery
Blood Makeup
1
2
3
ABO Blood Typing
ABO Blood Typing
Type A Type B Type AB Type O
Fetal Circulation
Image Sources• Mammalian Circ & Heart1: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ip/christerhogstrand/courses/hb0223/circulat.htm• Respiration (various): http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ip/christerhogstrand/courses/hb0223/respirat.htm• Block artery: http://www.tmc.edu/thi/cad.html• Athero.jpg: http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/ahd/jpg/A4athero.jpg• atherosclerosis_1x.jpg: http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/Heart/atherosclerosis.htm• athero comparison:
http://www.mountauburn.caregroup.org/library/healthguide/en-us/support/topic.asp?hwid=hw139808• Angina: http://www.heart-help.net/angina.html• Angina Man in snow: http://www.agw.uni-osnabrueck.de/GES_Homepage/Abbildungen• Angina ManPuking: http://www.moondragon.org/images/angina1.jpg• Angina symptoms: http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/images/guide/disease/cad/symptoms.JPG• Angioplasty: http://www.bartleby.com/61/imagepages/A4angiop.html• Stent in hand: http://www.iof.fraunhofer.de/departments/precision-engineering/medical/index_d.html
www.iof.fraunhofer.de/.../ _media/stent2.jpg• Angioplasty with Stenting: http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?
secID=1&secondlevel=79&thirdlevel=456&artID=1589• Stenting phases: http://www.uthscsa.edu/mission/spring98/stent.html• Blood type, Preg Rh neg blood, blood donor: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/circulation.html• Fetal Circulation: http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/hrnewborn/nicuintr.html