Respiration Internal –Exchange of gases between blood and cells –Cellular respiration External –Exchange of gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) between

RespirationRespiration

InternalInternal– Exchange of gases Exchange of gases

between blood and between blood and cellscells

– Cellular respirationCellular respiration ExternalExternal

– Exchange of gases Exchange of gases (oxygen & carbon (oxygen & carbon dioxide) between an dioxide) between an organism and the organism and the environmentenvironment

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Group of organs Group of organs working together to working together to exchange gasesexchange gases

Gas ExchangeGas Exchange

SkinSkin– Gas exchange occurs Gas exchange occurs

across the skin into the across the skin into the blood supplyblood supply

– Ex- earthwormEx- earthworm

SpiraclesSpiracles– Tiny air holes in body Tiny air holes in body

extend inward to body extend inward to body cellscells

– Ex- insectsEx- insects


GillsGills– Gas exchange between Gas exchange between

water and blood water and blood through blood vessels through blood vessels in gillsin gills

– Ex- fishEx- fish LungsLungs

– Gas exchange between Gas exchange between air sacs of lungs and air sacs of lungs and bloodblood

– Ex- mammalsEx- mammals


Multiple methodsMultiple methods– FrogFrog

Gills as tadpoleGills as tadpole LungsLungs Skin Skin

BreathingBreathing

Breathing- process of Breathing- process of taking in and forcing out taking in and forcing out airair

Inhalation (inspiration)- Inhalation (inspiration)- – Taking in airTaking in air– Rib cage moves up/outRib cage moves up/out– Diaphragm moves downDiaphragm moves down– Increase volume- Increase volume-

decrease pressure, air decrease pressure, air forced inforced in

BreathingBreathing

Exhalation (expiration)Exhalation (expiration)– Forcing out airForcing out air– Rib cage moves Rib cage moves

down/indown/in– Diaphragm moves upDiaphragm moves up– Decrease volume- Decrease volume-

increase pressure, air increase pressure, air forced outforced out

Human Respiratory SystemHuman Respiratory System

Breathing rateBreathing rate– Normal is 16 – 20 per Normal is 16 – 20 per

minuteminute– Varies greatly with Varies greatly with

exerciseexercise– Controlled by the Controlled by the

levels of carbon levels of carbon dioxide in the blooddioxide in the blood

– Acidity of the blood is Acidity of the blood is changed, this is changed, this is detected and detected and breathing increasesbreathing increases


Lung CapacityLung Capacity– Vital CapacityVital Capacity

Largest amount of air Largest amount of air that can be exhaledthat can be exhaled

– Expiratory ReserveExpiratory Reserve Amount of air left in the Amount of air left in the

lungs after a normal lungs after a normal exhale, but can be exhale, but can be expelledexpelled

– Tidal VolumeTidal Volume Amount of air taken in or Amount of air taken in or

exhaled during normal exhaled during normal breathingbreathing


(h) Nose/Nasal Cavity(h) Nose/Nasal Cavity- - – Conditions the air, cleans, Conditions the air, cleans,

warms, & moistenswarms, & moistens

(a) Pharynx(a) Pharynx--– Throat, passage way for air, Throat, passage way for air,

food, & drinkfood, & drink

(b) Epiglottis(b) Epiglottis- - – Flap that covers the top of Flap that covers the top of

the trachea when swallowing the trachea when swallowing food and drinkfood and drink


(c) Trachea(c) Trachea- - – Windpipe, held open by Windpipe, held open by

cartilage rings, carries air cartilage rings, carries air from throat to chestfrom throat to chest

(g) Larynx(g) Larynx- - – Adams Apple, voice box, Adams Apple, voice box,

vocal cords located herevocal cords located here

(d) Bronchi(d) Bronchi- - – Subdivision of trachea, Subdivision of trachea,

carries air from trachea to carries air from trachea to lungslungs


(f) Bronchioles(f) Bronchioles--– Subdivisions of bronchi Subdivisions of bronchi

in the lungsin the lungs

(k) Alveoli(k) Alveoli- - – Tiny air sacs at the Tiny air sacs at the

ends of the bronchioles, ends of the bronchioles, functional unit of the functional unit of the lung, exchange of lung, exchange of gases between lung gases between lung and capillariesand capillaries


(m) Arrow- Carbon (m) Arrow- Carbon DioxideDioxide– Showing carbon dioxide Showing carbon dioxide

moving from capillary to moving from capillary to alveolus.alveolus.

(l) Arrow- Oxygen(l) Arrow- Oxygen– Showing oxygen Showing oxygen

moving from alveolus to moving from alveolus to capillary.capillary.


(i) Pulmonary arteries(i) Pulmonary arteries--– Transports oxygen poor Transports oxygen poor

blood from the heart to the blood from the heart to the lungs, only arteries to carry lungs, only arteries to carry oxygen poor bloodoxygen poor blood

(j) Pulmonary veins(j) Pulmonary veins--– Transports oxygen rich Transports oxygen rich

blood from the lungs to the blood from the lungs to the heart, only veins to carry heart, only veins to carry oxygen rich bloodoxygen rich blood


(e) Diaphragm(e) Diaphragm--– Muscular sheet that Muscular sheet that

separates the thoracic separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and abdominal cavities, aids in breathingaids in breathing

Documents

Respiration Internal –Exchange of gases between blood and cells –Cellular respiration External –Exchange of gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) between