RESPIRATORYRESPIRATORY ORGANSORGANS

It includesIt includes::NoseNose..

PharynxPharynx..LarynxLarynx..

TracheaTrachea..Bronchi and Bronchi and

bronchiolesbronchioles..Lungs and Lungs and

alveolialveoli..

NOSENOSEIt opens externally It opens externally

on the face by the on the face by the nostrilsnostrils (external (external nares)nares)..

The nasal cavity is The nasal cavity is divided by the divided by the midline nasal midline nasal septumseptum..

It is separated from It is separated from the oral cavity by the oral cavity by the the palatepalate..

LINING MUCOSALINING MUCOSA

The The olfactory olfactory mucosa is in the mucosa is in the superior partsuperior part of the of the nasal cavitynasal cavity..

The rest of the The rest of the mucosa is mucosa is respiratoryrespiratory..

LINING MUCOSALINING MUCOSAThe nasal mucosa The nasal mucosa

has a a rich has a a rich network of network of veinsveins toto : :

11 . .warms warms the airthe air..22 . .The sticky The sticky

mucous secretion mucous secretion moistensmoistens the air the air . .

33 . .TrapsTraps bacteria bacteria and foreign bodiesand foreign bodies..

NASAL CAVITYNASAL CAVITY

The ciliated cells The ciliated cells of the nasal of the nasal mucosa move mucosa move the mucous the mucous backwards to the backwards to the throat where it is throat where it is swallowedswallowed..

CONCHAECONCHAE

They are three They are three mucous-covered mucous-covered projections in the projections in the lateral wall of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called nasal cavity called choncaechoncae..

They increase the They increase the surface area of the surface area of the mucosa exposed to mucosa exposed to the airthe air..

PHARYNX (PHARYNX (THROATTHROAT))

It is a muscular tubeIt is a muscular tube..It is a common pathway It is a common pathway

for food and airfor food and air..It is continuous with the It is continuous with the

nasal cavity through the nasal cavity through the internal naresinternal nares..

It terminates in the It terminates in the esophagusesophagus..

PHARYNXPHARYNX

It passes behindIt passes behind . .))11 ( (The nasal cavity The nasal cavity

((NasopharynxNasopharynx))..))22 ( (Oral cavityOral cavity))OropharynxOropharynx.(.(

))33 ( (LarynxLarynx))LaryngopharynxLaryngopharynx

PHARYNXPHARYNXIt has clusters of It has clusters of

lymphoid tissuelymphoid tissue..The pharyngeal tonsil The pharyngeal tonsil

((AdenoidAdenoid): in the ): in the nasopharynxnasopharynx..

Palatine tonsilPalatine tonsil :in the :in the oropharynxoropharynx..

Lingual tonsil :Lingual tonsil : at the at the base of the tonguebase of the tongue..

NASOPHARYNXNASOPHARYNXIt is continuous It is continuous

with the nasal with the nasal cavity through the cavity through the internal naresinternal nares..

It receives the It receives the openings of the openings of the pharyngotympanic pharyngotympanic tubes to connect tubes to connect with the middle with the middle earear..

LARYNXLARYNXFunctionsFunctions: :

11 . .It directs food and air It directs food and air into their proper into their proper channelschannels..

22 . .It has a role in It has a role in speechspeech..

It is formed of (8) It is formed of (8) hyaline cartilageshyaline cartilages

The The Thyroid cartilageThyroid cartilage is is the largestthe largest . .

LARYNXLARYNXThyroid cartilage:Thyroid cartilage: is the is the

largestlargest..EpiglottisEpiglottis::

Is a single flap of elastic Is a single flap of elastic cartilagecartilage

VOCAL VOCAL (TRUE VOCAL)(TRUE VOCAL) FOLDS FOLDS

They are made of They are made of the mucous the mucous membrane of the membrane of the larynxlarynx..

They vibrate They vibrate with the expelled with the expelled air and produce air and produce soundssounds . .

The passage The passage between them is between them is the the glottisglottis..

TRACHEATRACHEA

It begins from It begins from the larynxthe larynx..

It ends at the It ends at the level of level of T (5)T (5)..

It is (10-12) cmIt is (10-12) cm..Its walls are Its walls are

reinforced with reinforced with C C shaped shaped hyaline hyaline cartilagescartilages..

TRACHEATRACHEA

The The openopen parts of the parts of the rings allow the rings allow the oesophagus to oesophagus to expand anteriorly expand anteriorly during swallowingduring swallowing..

The The rigid rigid parts keep parts keep the trachea patentthe trachea patent..

MAIN BRONCHIMAIN BRONCHI

Right main bronchusRight main bronchus::WiderWider..

ShorterShorter..StraighterStraighter..

))than the leftthan the left((It is the more common It is the more common

site to lodge foreign site to lodge foreign bodiesbodies..

LUNGSLUNGS

They are paired They are paired organsorgans..

They lie in the They lie in the thoracic cavity on thoracic cavity on each side of the each side of the mediastinummediastinum..

I

LUNGSLUNGS

Each lung hasEach lung has: : ApexApex: :

It is narrow and located It is narrow and located deep to the clavicledeep to the clavicle..

BaseBase: : Broad and rests on the Broad and rests on the

diaphragmdiaphragm..FissuresFissures: :

Two Two in the right lung in the right lung and and oneone in the left in the left..

LobesLobes ::The right lung has The right lung has

three lobesthree lobes (upper,middle and (upper,middle and lower)lower)..

The left lung has The left lung has two two lobeslobes (upper and (upper and lower)lower)..

LUNGSLUNGS

PLEURAPLEURA

VisceralVisceral : :A serous A serous

membrane membrane covering the covering the lunglung..

ParietalParietal : : It lines the It lines the

thoracic wallsthoracic walls..

RESPIRATORY TREERESPIRATORY TREE11 . .primaryprimary (main) (main)

bronchibronchi..22 . .SecondarySecondary..

33 . .TertiaryTertiary..44 . .Terminal Terminal

BronchiolesBronchioles..55 . .Respiratory Respiratory

bronchiolesbronchioles.. 66 . .Alveolar ductsAlveolar ducts..

77 . .Alveolar sacsAlveolar sacs . .

RESPIRATORY ZONERESPIRATORY ZONEIt is the only site for gas It is the only site for gas

exchange in the lungsexchange in the lungs..It consists ofIt consists of::11 . .Respiratory Respiratory

bronchiolesbronchioles.. 22 . .Alveolar ductsAlveolar ducts..

33 . .Alveolar sacsAlveolar sacs.. 44 . .AlveoliAlveoli..

Millions of alveoli make Millions of alveoli make up the bulk of the lung up the bulk of the lung which are mostly air which are mostly air spacesspaces . .

CONDUCTING ZONECONDUCTING ZONEIt conduits air to and It conduits air to and

from the respiratory from the respiratory zonezone..

It consists ofIt consists of: : 11 . .NoseNose..

22 . .PharynxPharynx..33 . .LarynxLarynx..

44 . .TracheaTrachea..55 . .BronchiBronchi..

66..Terminal bronchiolesTerminal bronchioles..