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Basic Principles of Injury CareBasic Principles of Injury Care
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12-22
Protect during immediate care
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• Emergency SplintingEmergency Splinting– Splint all suspected fracture before moving the athlete or body partSplint all suspected fracture before moving the athlete or body part
– Use proper immobilization to decrease risk ofUse proper immobilization to decrease risk of
• Secondary tissue damage Secondary tissue damage
• Hemorrhage Hemorrhage
• Potential for death (if handled improperly)Potential for death (if handled improperly)
– Splint the fracture where the athlete lies Splint the fracture where the athlete lies
– Avoid moving the athlete before splintingAvoid moving the athlete before splinting
– Splint one joint above and one joint below the fractureSplint one joint above and one joint below the fracture
– Assess neurovascular status before and after splintingAssess neurovascular status before and after splinting
– Monitor vital signsMonitor vital signs
– Rapid form immobilizerRapid form immobilizer
– Air splintsAir splints
• Clear plastic splint inflated with air around affected partClear plastic splint inflated with air around affected part
• Do not use with fracture deformityDo not use with fracture deformity
• Provides moderate pressure and can be x-rayed throughProvides moderate pressure and can be x-rayed through
– Cardboard splintsCardboard splints
– Lower Limb SplintingLower Limb Splinting
• Foot and ankle require splinting of foot and kneeFoot and ankle require splinting of foot and knee
• Knee, thigh, or hip require splinting of whole leg and one side of trunkKnee, thigh, or hip require splinting of whole leg and one side of trunk
– Upper Limb SplintingUpper Limb Splinting
• Shoulder splinting is difficult Shoulder splinting is difficult
– Use sling and swathe with upper limb bound to bodyUse sling and swathe with upper limb bound to body
• Upper arm and elbow Upper arm and elbow
– Splint with arm straight to lessen bone overrideSplint with arm straight to lessen bone override
• Lower arm and wrist Lower arm and wrist
– splint in position of forearm flexion and support with slingsplint in position of forearm flexion and support with sling
• Hand and finger Hand and finger
• splint with tongue depressors, roller gauze and/or aluminum splintssplint with tongue depressors, roller gauze and/or aluminum splints
Rest
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12-21
IcePProtectrotect
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12-15
Compression
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12-21
Elevation
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12-15
Support for Rehabilitation and PlayPProtectrotect
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Use of Crutches or CanesUse of Crutches or Canes
• When lower extremity weight bearing is contraindicated When lower extremity weight bearing is contraindicated
• Faulty mechanics or improper fitting can result in additional injury or fallsFaulty mechanics or improper fitting can result in additional injury or falls
• Fitting athleteFitting athlete
– Athlete should stand with good posture, in flat soled shoesAthlete should stand with good posture, in flat soled shoes
– Crutches should be placed Crutches should be placed
• 6” from outer margin of shoe 6” from outer margin of shoe
• 2” in front of shoe2” in front of shoe
– Crutch base should fall 1” below anterior fold of axilla (2 - 3 fingers)Crutch base should fall 1” below anterior fold of axilla (2 - 3 fingers)
– Hand brace should be positioned to place elbow at 30º of flexionHand brace should be positioned to place elbow at 30º of flexion
– Cane measurement should be taken from height of greater trochanterCane measurement should be taken from height of greater trochanter
Moving and Transporting Injured AthletesMoving and Transporting Injured Athletes
• Must be executed with techniques that will not result in additional injuryMust be executed with techniques that will not result in additional injury
• No excuse for poor handling No excuse for poor handling
• Planning is necessary and practice is essential Planning is necessary and practice is essential
• Additional equipment may be requiredAdditional equipment may be required
Emergency Action PlanEmergency Action Plan
• Prearanged plan that can be implemented at a moments noticePrearanged plan that can be implemented at a moments notice
• Know where there is phone access to call EMS (911) ahead of timeKnow where there is phone access to call EMS (911) ahead of time