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Restructuring our notions of Learning and Intelligence
Understanding Intelligence: Understanding Intelligence: IQ, EI, and MIIQ, EI, and MI
IntelligenceIntelligence
4 Characteristics:1. Adaptive – modifying behavior to
accomplish new tasks successfully2. Learning Ability – Learn new info
quickly & easily3. Use of Prior Knowledge – to analyze &
understand new situations4. Culture Specific - intelligence in one
culture isn’t always same in another
Intelligence & Culture
Intelligence is adaptive Must help learner survive & thrive in their
particular culture Since cultures differ, intelligence must be
different in various cultures
Intelligence
Not a measure of what a person has learned (i.e. school achievement) Often thought of as innate
But intelligence depends on prior knowledge
Not necessarily a permanent, unchanging characteristic Can be modified through experience & learning
Measuring Intelligence
Hard to measure & defineLead to creation of an Intelligence Test to
measure: General knowledge Vocabulary Perception Memory Abstract Thought
I.Q. – Intelligence QuotientI.Q. – Intelligence Quotient
Traditionally thought of as a ‘fixed’ trait, but some research shows some gains are possible. Especially if child was in inadequate
environmental conditions (malnourished, no school, etc.)
Largely predictive of school success
IQ History – Early 1900’sIQ History – Early 1900’s
Developed when mass education became the norm.
Originally designed to identify and help “slower” students in France.
Tested many children of the same age & identified patterns.
Sample IQ Test QuestionsSample IQ Test Questions
What does the word quarrel mean?
How are a goat and beetle alike?
What should you do if you get separated from your family in a large department store?
Sample IQ Questions….Sample IQ Questions….
Three kinds of people live on the planet Ziropox; bims, gubs, and lops. All bims are lops. Some gubs are lops. Which one of the following must be true? A) All bims are gubs
B) All lops are bimsC) Some gubs are bims D) Some lops are bims.
IQ Continued…IQ Continued…
IQ tests are age specific – only compared to others of your age
Tests are different depending on age
IQ Test by Age
Elem. Tests – Ability to manipulate & work with concrete objects Lower Elementary: Copying geometric figures,
remembering short lists, identifying similarities & differences
Upper Elementary: Assembling puzzles, remembering sentences & series of numbers, recognizing concrete analogies, finding absurdities in illogical statements
IQ Test by Age
Adolescence - Includes abstract ideas Middle School: vocabulary, drawing logical
inferences from verbal descriptions, identifying similarities across dissimilar concepts
High School: Those listed above plus – identifying differences in abstract words, interpreting proverbs, breaking down complex geometric figures
Results are ‘normalized’ – designed so 100 is average (50% above, 50% below)
2/3 of us score between 85-115Psychologists have created a method of
scoring IQ tests that creates this distribution Score tests so 100 is always average
IQ Range Classification % Population
140 or over Genius 2.2
120 - 140 Very Superior 6.7
110-120 Superior 16.1
90 – 110 Normal, average 50
80 – 90 Dullness 16.1
70 – 80 Borderline Deficiency 6.7
Below 70 Definite Feeble-mindedness
2.2
IQ Scores on the Rise
Worldwide IQ scores have steadily increased over the years Many people who were considered normal in
1900 would be below average today Racial & ethnic groups becoming increasingly
similar tooProbably due to:
Increased nutrition, smaller families, better schooling, increased cognitive stimulation (TV, books, internet, video games)
Practice IQ TestPractice IQ Test
MENSA – “welcomes people from every walk of life whose IQ is in the top 2% of the population”
http://www.mensa.org/workout.html
World’s Smartest Person ….World’s Smartest Person ….
According to the High IQ Society, the world’s smartest person is a graduate student at the University of Michigan.
“there's a little bit of difference between being the world's smartest person and winning this contest – the smartest person in the world probably wouldn't bother entering this contest. I just thought it would be fun.” – Andrew Nierman
I.Q. Score CautionsI.Q. Score Cautions
Questions may be culturally biased. Ex: What is a toboggan?
Environmental Conditions Poor nutrition, lack of books, toys, schooling, etc
Test Anxiety
Predicative of school success – not necessarily life success
A Different Take: Multiple A Different Take: Multiple IntelligencesIntelligencesDeveloped by Howard Gardner in the early
1980’s at Harvard.
Attempt at a more complete understanding of intelligence.
Developed 8 intelligences.
We have a unique blend of intelligences.
Gardner’s IntelligencesGardner’s Intelligences
1. Logical-mathematical (number smart)
2. Linguistic (word smart)
3. Bodily-Kinesthetic (body smart)
4. Musical (music smart)
5. Spatial (picture smart)
6. Interpersonal (person smart)
7. Intrapersonal (myself smart)
8. Naturalist (nature smart)
Take a MI TestTake a MI Test
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/ict/multiple_int/questions/questions.cfm
What do the average American female and male results look like (according to this particular test)?
Multiple Intelligences ….Multiple Intelligences ….
Not readily accepted within academic psychology, but embraced by educators.
MI rings true for teachers – matches their experiences with students.
New approaches to better meet the needs of a larger range of students.
Multiple Intelligences ….Multiple Intelligences ….
Importance of portfolio assessment.
Not feasible to teach to all intelligences all the time. With understanding of MI, teachers can create
more balanced setting to enhance success of all students.
Possible inclusion of other intelligences.
Another Take: Emotional Another Take: Emotional IntelligenceIntelligence
A type of social intelligence that involves the ability to:
1. Monitor one’s own and others’ emotions
2. To discriminate among them
3. To use the information to guide one’s own thinking and actions
Emotional Intelligence ….Emotional Intelligence ….
Based on a study from the 60’s - the marshmallow experiment 4 year olds and their self-control
Children were followed up 12 years later What do you think researchers found?
10 Years Later at 14 Years Old
Waiters (2/3 children) Eaters (1/3 children)
Better adjustedMore popularMore adventurousMore Confident
StubbornEasily FrustratedLonely210 points lower on SAT
Emotional Intelligence ….Emotional Intelligence ….
May be a better predictor of success in life than IQ.
Can Emotional Intelligence be taught? What do you think?
Summing Up …Summing Up …
New ways of understanding learning and intelligence.
Multiple Intelligences – a unique blend of intelligences
IQ vs. EQ Success in school; success in life