Upload
phamhuong
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Name:TEACHINGAMERICANHISTORYPROJECT
TheGildedAge:APhotographicAnalysisofAmerica’sWorkingClassFromKristenDeBona
Grade–11thGradeU.S.HistoryLengthofclassperiod–(2)50minutes[Note:Ididthisactivityinoneperiodbutnexttimewilleithershortentheactivityorsetasidemoretimeinordertoallowforadeeperanalysisofthesources.]Inquiry–(Whatessentialquestionarestudentsanswering?)
HowdidthatlackofbigbusinessregulationduringtheGildedAgeaffecttheAmericanworkingclass?InthewordsofJacobRiishowdidthe“OtherHalfLive”?
Objectives(Whatcontentandskillsdoyouexpectstudentstolearnfromthislesson?)
ThestudentswillanalyzephotographstakenbyJacobRiisandLewisHinestoexaminetheworkingandlivingconditionsofAmericasworkingfamiliesduringtheGildedAge.
Materials(Whatprimarysourcesorlocalresourcesarethebasisforthislesson?)
StudentcopiesoftheHowtheOtherHalfLivesWorkingConditionsphotoanalysispacket. LargecopiesoftheWorkingConditionsPhotographswithPhotographerNotes Placecardsnumbered1‐11tomarkeachstation Handheldtimeroranonlinestopwatch(dependingonthetechnologyavailable)
Activities(Whatwillyouandyourstudentsdoduringthelessontopromotelearning?)
Initiation:Brieflyreviewthebackgroundinformationontheassignmentpacketandthedirections. Assignthestudentstoworkintosmallgroupsnobiggerthat3‐4. Instructthestudentsthattheywillbegivenroughly5minutestoworkateachstation(thisnumbercanbe
adjustedbasedonclasslengthandnumberofstationsused)andwhentheirtimeisuptheyneedtomovetotheirnextstationinnumericalorder.[Note:AlthoughitdoesnotmatterwhatnumberstationagroupstartsoffatIwouldrecommendthatthestudentsfollowthenumericalordertoavoidmultiplegroupsatonestation.]
Studentsshouldprogressfromstationtostationexaminingasmanysourcesaspossible,readingtheavailablecaptionsandansweringtheanalysisquestionsintheirpacket
Monitorthestudentsastheyprogressfromstationtostation,pointoutinterestingaspectswithinindividualphotographs,encouragestudentstoreadthecaptionsandaskquestionstohelpthestudentsanalyzeeachsetofsources.
Closure:Verballyclosethelessonbyaskinganddiscussingthefollowingquestions:o HowdomanyAmericanfamiliesliveandworkduringtheGildedAge?o Whatproblemsdidyounoticewhileexaminingthesources?o Whatchangesneedtobemadeandhowcanpeopleworktoachievethem?
Howwillyouassesswhatstudentlearnedduringthislesson?
Informal:Monitorandassessthestudents’analysisbyaskingthemquestionsduringtheactivity. Formal:Collectandgradethestudent’sanalysispacketsaswellasholdthemaccountableforthematerial
ontheunittest/quiz.
ConnecticutFrameworkGradeLevelExpectations
Analyzehowtheabundanceorscarcityofresourcesaffectsthenationandtheindividual.
Name: Analyzeandexplainmultipurposevisualmaterials Evaluateprimaryandsecondaryinterpretationsofahistoricalevent
HowtheOtherHalfLives…WorkingConditions
Background:
AftertheCivilWar,theavailabilityofnaturalresources,newinventions,andareceptivemarketcombinedtofuelanindustrialboom.Thedemandforlabortofillthesepositionsinmines,millsandfactorieswashigh,andbecausetherewassuchahugewaveofimmigrationduringthetime,asteadysupplyofworkerswasavailable.
Theseindustrieswereincrediblyprofitable,buttheworkerswhotoiledinthemdidnotenjoytheprofitsofindustrytothesamedegreeastheownersoftheindustries.Inadditiontoverylowwages,workers’complaintsincludedverylonghoursandunhealthyanddangerousworkingconditions.
Asyoucompletetheactivitytakenotethatmanyoftheworkersinthephotographsarechildren.In1895,theaverageincomeofanurbanmaleworkerwasonlyabout$400ayear,asuminsufficienttosupportafamily.Thelaboroftheirwivesandchildrenhelpedtosupplementthehouseholdincome.Childrenundertheageof16contributedabout20percentoftheincome.Thesechildrenworkednotbecausetheirparentswereheartless,butbecausetheirearningswereabsolutelyessentialfortheirfamily'swell‐being.
Directions:
AsaresultoftheworkofphotojournalistsJacobRiisandLewisHines,thereisalargephotographycollectionwhichdemonstratestheworkingconditionsofAmerica’spoorduringtheGildedAge.Yourjobistovisiteachofthefollowing11stations.Asyouapproacheachstationexamineallofthephotographsavailableandanswerthecorrespondingquestion(s).Bepreparedtodiscussyourfindingsattheendofclass.
Stations:
1. ImmigrationandtheAmericanDream2. FacesoftheLostYouth3. TheMill4. TheFactory5. TheSeafoodIndustry6. Newsies7. TheCoalMine8. SafetyConditions9. StabilityofWork10. PastimesandVices11. Education
Name:Station#1:Immigration
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?
4. SpecificQuestion:WhydoyouthinkimmigrantscontinuedtocometoAmericadespitetheharshconditions?
Station#2:FacesoftheLostYouth1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?
4. SpecificQuestion:Whydoyouthinkthesepicturesaretitled“FacesoftheLostYouth”?Whatdotheirfutureslooklike?
Station#3:TheMill
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheworkingenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:WhatdoeslifelooklikeforMillworkers?
Station#4:TheFactory
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheworkingenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:WhatdoeslifelooklikeforFactoryworkers?
Name:Station#5:TheSeafoodIndustry
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheworkingenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:WhatdoeslifelooklikeforSeafoodIndustryworkers?Station#6:Newsies
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheworkingenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:WhatdoeslifelooklikeforNewsies?Station#7:TheCoalMine
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheworkingenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:WhatdoeslifelooklikeforCoalMineworkers?Station#8:SafetyConditions
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:Whatchallengesdoworkersfaceintermsofworkplacesafety?Whatneedstochangeandhowcanthatchangebeachieved?
Name:Station#9:StabilityofWork
1. SpecificQuestion:DescribethestabilityofworkduringtheGildedAge.Whatproblemsexist?Howmighttheseproblemsimpactfamilies?
Station#10:PastimesandVices
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:WhatproblemsdothesephotosrevealaboutlifeforAmerica’sworkingclass?Station#11:Education
1. Subjects:Whatpeopleandobjectsdoyousee?Describetheirexpressionsandappearance.
2. Action:Whatarethesubjectsdoing?
3. Setting:Whatisgoingonaroundthesubjects?Describetheenvironmentandsafetyconditions.
4. SpecificQuestion:Whatroledoyoubelieveeducationplayedinthelivesofimmigrantfamilies?
Name:
FurmanOwens,12yearsold.Can'tread.Doesn'tknowhisA,B,C's.Said,"YesIwanttolearnbutcan'twhenIworkallthetime."Beeninthemills4years,3yearsintheOlympiaMill.Columbia,SouthCarolina.
Name:
AdolescentgirlsfromBibbMfg.Co.inMacon,Georgia.
Name:
Dofferboys.Macon,Georgia.
Name:
Ageneralviewofspinningroom,CornellMill.FallRiver,Massachusetts.
Name:
Amoment'sglimpseoftheouterworld.Saidshewas11yearsold.Beenworkingoverayear.RhodesMfg.Co.Lincolnton,NorthCarolina.
Name:
Someboysandgirlsweresosmalltheyhadtoclimbupontothespinningframetomendbrokenthreadsandtoputbacktheemptybobbins.BibbMillNo.1.Macon,Georgia.
Name:
OneofthespinnersinWhitnelCottonMill.Shewas51incheshigh.Hasbeeninthemilloneyear.Sometimesworksatnight.Runs4sides48centsaday.Whenaskedhowoldshewas,shehesitated,thensaid,"Idon'tremember,"thenaddedconfidentially,"I'mnotoldenoughtowork,butdojustthesame."Outof50employees,thereweretenchildren
abouthersize.Whitnel,NorthCarolina.
Name:
Theoverseersaidapologetically,"Shejusthappenedin."Shewasworkingsteadily.Themillsseemfullofyoungsterswho"justhappenedin"or"arehelpingsister."Newberry,SouthCarolina.
Name:
9p.m.inanIndianaGlassWorks.
Name:
SomeoftheyoungknittersinLondonHosieryMills.London,Tennessee.
Name:
YoungcigarmakersinEngelhardt&Co.Threeboyslookedunder14.Laborleaderstoldmeinbusytimesmanysmallboysandgirlswereemployed.Youngstersallsmoke.Tampa,Florida.
Name:
Dayscene.WheatonGlassWorks.BoyisHowardLee.HismothershowedmethefamilyrecordinBiblewhichgavehisbirthasJuly15,1894.15yearsoldnow,buthasbeeninglassworkstwoyearsandsomenights.Millville,NewJersey.
Name:
RobKidd,oneoftheyoungworkersinaglassfactory.Alexandria,Virginia.
Name:
Oystershuckersworkinginacanningfactory.Allbuttheverysmallestbabieswork.Beganworkat3:30a.m.andexpectedtoworkuntil5p.m.Thelittlegirlinthecenterwasworking.Hermothersaidsheis"arealhelptome."
Dunbar,Louisiana.
Name:
Shrimppickers,includinglittle8yearoldMaxontheright.Biloxi,Mississippi.
Name:
Johnnie,a9yearoldoystershucker.ManwithpipebehindhimisaPadronewhohasbroughtthesepeoplefromBaltimoreforfouryears.Heisthebossoftheshuckingshed.Dunbar,Louisiana.
Name:
Manueltheyoungshrimppicker,age5,andamountainofchildlaboroystershellsbehindhim.Heworkedlastyear.UnderstandsnotawordofEnglish.Biloxi,Mississippi
Name:
Cuttingfishinasardinecannery.Largesharpknivesareusedwithacuttingandsometimeschoppingmotion.Theslipperyfloorsandbenchesandcarelessbumpingintoeachotherincreasetheliabilityofaccidents."Thesaltwater
gitsintothecutsandtheyache,"saidoneboy.Eastport,Maine.
Name:
HiramPulk,age9,workinginacanningcompany."Iain'tveryfastonlyabout5boxesaday.Theypayabout5centsabox,"hesaid.Eastport,Maine.
Name:
Newsiesoutaftermidnightsellingextras.Thereweremanyyoungboyssellingverylate.Youngestboyinthegroupis9yearsold.Harry,age11,Eugeneandtherestwerealittleolder.Washington,D.C.
Name:
FrancisLance,5yearsold,41incheshigh.Hejumpsonandoffmovingtrolleycarsattheriskofhislife.St.Louis,Missouri.
Name:
Newsie,DannyMercurioWashington,D.C.
Name:
Atthecloseofday.Waitingforthecagetogoup.Thecageisentirelyopenontwosidesandnotverywellprotectedontheothertwo,andisusuallycrowdedlikethis.ThesmallboyinfrontisJoPuma.SouthPittston,Pennsylvania.
Name:
ViewoftheEwenBreakerofthePennsylvaniaCoalCo.Thedustwassodenseattimesastoobscuretheview.Thisdustpenetratedtheutmostrecessesoftheboys'lungs.Akindofslavedriversometimesstandsovertheboys,
proddingorkickingthemintoobedience.SouthPittston,Pennsylvania.
Name:
AyoungdriverintheBrownMine.Hasbeendrivingoneyear.Works7a.m.to5:30p.m.daily.Brown,WestVirginia
Name:
Breakerboys,HughestownBoroughPennsylvaniaCoalCompany.OneoftheseisJamesLeonard,anotherisStanleyRasmus.Pittston,Pennsylvania.
Name:
Killingtime.MillboysandmenhangingaroundSwift'sPoolRoom.Saturdayp.m.Acommonsightanyday.Educationalinfluences;badstoriesandremarkswillnotbearrepetition.FallRiver,Massachusetts.
Name:
Messengersabsorbedintheirusualgameofpokerinthe"Denoftheterriblenine"(thewaitingroomforWesternUnionMessengers,Hartford,Connecticut).Theyplayformoney.Someloseawholemonth'swagesinadayandthenareafraidtogohome.Theboyontherighthasbeenamessengerfor4years.Beganat12yearsofage.Heworksallnightnow.Duringanevening'sconversationhetoldmestoriesabouthisexperienceswithprostitutestowhomhe
carriesmessagesfrequently.
Name:
Agroupofnewsiesplayingcrapsinthejailalleyat10p.m.Albany,NewYork.
Name:
11:00a.m.NewsiesatSkeeter'sBranch.Theywereallsmoking.St.Louis,Missouri.
Name:
JuvenileCourt.An8yearoldboychargedwithstealingabicycle.St.Louis,Missouri.
Name:
Adolescentsworkingathome
Name:
BoycarryinghomeworkfromNewYorkSweatshop
Name:
Boylostarmrunningsawinboxfactory
Name:
ClimbingintoAmerica,ArrivalatEllisIsland
Name:
IcarusatopEmpireStateBuilding
Name:
ItaliansarrivingatEllisIsland
Name:
OldtimesteelworkeronEmpireStateBuilding
Name:
RivetingatthetopoftheMooringMastonEmpireStateBuilding
Name:
InaSweatShop
Name:
NightSchoolatSeventhAvenueLodgingHouse