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Revenue and Monetary Assets

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5Part One: Financial Accounting

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The Business Operating Cycle Slide 5-1

Purchase materials

Convert materialsinto a finished

product

Inspect the productReceive an order for the productfrom a customer

Ship the product and send the customer an

invoice

Customer acknowledges

receipt of the item

Store the product ina warehouse

Collect cash from the customer

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1. Sales order received no none2. Deposit or advance no nonepayment received3. Goods being produced For certain long- percentage of

term contracts completion4. Production completed; For precious metals productiongoods stored and certain agri-

cultural products5. Goods shipped or usually delivery6. Customer pays account collection is installmentreceivable uncertain

Timing of Revenue Recognition Slide 5-2

Typical

Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition Event at This Time Method

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dr. Inventory on consignment 1,000

cr. Merchandise inventory 1,000

Consignment Shipments Slide 5-3

Goods costing $1,000 were Goods costing $1,000 were shipped out on consignment.shipped out on consignment.

Goods costing $1,000 were Goods costing $1,000 were shipped out on consignment.shipped out on consignment.

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dr. Cost of goods sold 1,000

cr. Inventory on consignment 1,000

dr. Accounts receivable 1,400

cr. Sales revenue 1,400

Consignment Shipments Slide 5-4

These goods are sold by the These goods are sold by the consignee for $1,400.consignee for $1,400.

These goods are sold by the These goods are sold by the consignee for $1,400.consignee for $1,400.

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Customer Project Year-End Payments Costs Percent Year Received Incurred Complete Revenues Expenses Income

1 $120,000 $160,000 20 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

2 410,000 400,000 70 0 0 0

3 370,000 240,000 100 900,000 800,000 100,000

Total $900,000 $800,000 $900,000 $800,000 $100,000

Completed-Contract Method Slide 5-5

If the amount of income to be earned on the contract cannot be reliably estimated, then

revenue is to be recognized only when the project has been completed.

If the amount of income to be earned on the contract cannot be reliably estimated, then

revenue is to be recognized only when the project has been completed.

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1 $120,000 $160,000 20 $180,000 $160,000 $ 20,000

2 410,000 400,000 70 450,000 400,000 50,000

3 370,000 240,000 100 270,000 240,000 30,000

Total $900,000 $800,000 $900,000 $800,000 $100,000

Customer Project Year-End Payments Costs PercentYear Received Incurred Complete Revenues Expenses Income

Percentage-of-Completion Method Slide 5-6

GAAP assumes that the percentage-of-completion method will be used to account for

long-term contracts.

GAAP assumes that the percentage-of-completion method will be used to account for

long-term contracts.

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Bad Debts Slide 5-7

Check out the aging schedule in

Illustration 5-4.

Check out the aging schedule in

Illustration 5-4.

The firm expectsbad debts of

$7,132 .

The firm expectsbad debts of

$7,132 .

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The accounts receivable section of the December 31, 1997 balance sheet would appear as follows:

Accounts receivable $262,250 less: allowance for doubtful accounts 7,132 accounts receivable, net $255,118

dr. Bad Debts Expense 7,132

cr. Allowance for Doubtful 7,132

Bad Debts Slide 5-8

The adjusting entry would be:

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Bad Debts Slide 5-9

If sometime in 1998 the Essel Company decided that James Johnson was never going to pay his bill of $250, the following entry would be made:dr. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 250

cr. Accounts Receivable 250

The accounts receivable section of the balance sheet immediately after the write-off entry would show--

Accounts receivable $262,000 less: allowance for doubtful accounts 6,882 accounts receivable, net $255,118

Note the the net Note the the net amount of accountsamount of accounts

receivable is unchanged.receivable is unchanged.

Note the the net Note the the net amount of accountsamount of accounts

receivable is unchanged.receivable is unchanged.

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Sales Discounts Slide 5-10

Sold $1,000 of merchandise on credit terms of 2/10, net/30.

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Sales Discounts Slide 5-10

Sold $1,000 of merchandise on credit terms of 2/10, net/30.

dr. Accounts Receivable 980

cr. Sales Revenue 980

If payment is made within the discount period:

dr. Cash 980

cr. Accounts Receivable 980

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Sales Discounts Slide 5-11

If payment is made after the discount period:

dr. Cash 1,000

cr. Discounts Not Taken 20

Accounts Receivable 980

The 2 percent discount really amounts to an

annual rate of 32 percent.

The 2 percent discount really amounts to an

annual rate of 32 percent.

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Credit Card Sales Slide 5-12

Bank plan (MasterCard and Visa)Bank plan (MasterCard and Visa)

dr. Cash 970

Sales Discounts (Credit Cards) 30

cr. Sales Revenue 1,000

Other plans (American Express and Discover)Other plans (American Express and Discover)

dr. Accounts Receivable 970

Sales Discounts (Credit Cards) 30

cr. Sales Revenue 1,000

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Interest Revenue Slide 5-13

On September 1, 1997, a bank loaned $10,000 for one year at 9 percent interest, the interest and principal to be paid on August 31, 1998. The bank’s entry on September 1, 1997 is:dr. Loan Receivable 10,000

cr. Cash 10,000

On December 31, 1997, an adjusting entry is made to record the fact that interest for one-third of a year, $300, was earned in 1997:

dr. Loan Receivable 300

cr. Interest Revenue 300

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Interest Revenue Slide 5-14

On September 1, 1997, a bank loaned $10,000 for one year at 9 percent discounted.dr. Loan Receivable 10,000

cr. Cash 9,100

Unearned Interest Revenue 900

On December 31, 1997, an adjusting entry is made to record the fact that $300 of interest was earned in 1997.

dr. Unearned Interest Revenue 300

cr. Interest Revenue 300

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Interest Revenue Slide 5-15

On August 31, 1998, when the loan is repaid, the entry is:dr. Cash 10,000

cr. Loans Receivable 10,000

After repayment by the borrower, an adjusting entry is also made by the bank to record the fact that $600 interest was earned in 1998.

dr. Unearned Interest Revenue 600

cr. Interest Revenue 600

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Current Ratio Slide 5-16

Current assets

Current liabilitiesCurrent Ratio =

$1,245.1

$1,214.6Current Ratio =

1.03Current Ratio =

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Slide 5-17 Acid-Test Ratio

Cash, temporary

investments, and accounts

receivable (net)

Monetary Current assets

Current liabilities

Acid-Test Ratio =

$634.9

$1,214.6

Acid-Test Ratio =

0.52Acid-Test

Ratio =

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Slide 5-18 Cash Cost Per Day

Expenses (net of depreciation)

365

Cash Cost Per Day =

$5,348.0

365

Cash Cost Per Day =

$14.65 per dayCash Cost Per Day =

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Slide 5-20 Days’ Cash

Cash

Cash costs per dayDays’ Cash =

$98.1

$14.65Days’ Cash =

7 daysDays’ Cash =

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Chapter 5

The End