• Reverse culture shock: Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. "Re-entry Shock", or "own culture shock") may take place — returning to one's home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic (mental) and psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the primary culture.

•  The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock.

Outcomes: There are three basic outcomes of the Adjustment Phase:-- Some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and

integrate. They isolate themselves from the host country's environment, which they come to perceive as hostile and see return to their own culture as the only way out. These "Rejectors" also have the greatest problems re-integrating back home after return.

-- Some people integrate fully and take on all parts of the host culture while losing their original identity. They normally remain in the host country forever. This group is sometimes know as "Adopters".

-- Some people manage to adapt the aspects of the host culture they see as positive, while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend. They have no major problems returning home or relocating elsewhere. This group can be thought to be somewhat “cosmopolitan”.

HEGEMONY

• Hegemony is an indirect form of imperial dominance in which the "hegemon" (leader state) rules sub-ordinate states by the implied means of power rather than direct military force.

• Monopoly of some one… in around the society

CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

• Cultural imperialism is the domination of one culture over another. Cultural imperialism can take the form a general attitude or an active, formal and deliberate policy, even including (or resulting from) military action. It can also be due to economic or technological factors.

what does this gesture mean in western culture?

A. Crazy B. Don't worry!!!C. I Don't know!!! D. This is insulting

What does this gesture mean in France?

A. This is insulting B. ZeroC. A-OK D. I'll kill you

What does this gesture mean? A. Crazy B. I have a headache C. I don't know!!! D. Don't worry!!!

If you study abroad ,what do you think are the five most difficult challenges people face in a new culture?

1. communication difficulties

2. transportation problems

3. Difficult way of life

4. adapting to the food

5. religious adaptation

If you study abroad, what will be

your reaction to culture difference?

We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin.

Culture shock is the loss of emotional balance, disorientation or confusion that a person feels when moving from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one.

What’s culture shock?

The Stages of Culture Shock

Honeymoon stage

“morning after” stage

Bicultural stage

The Stages of Culture Shock

The U Curve of Cultural Adaptation

Honeymoon

“Morning after”

biculturalism

Honeymoon

It refers to the first period of a person's stay in a new country, everything usually goes fairly smoothly. The newcomer is excited about being in a new place where everything is fresh.

“Morning after”

The novelty wears off and A growing amount of anxiety can develop during which the newcomer may feel helpless.  It’s a transition between the old culture and that of the new country. He may begin to feel aggressive and start to complain about the host culture. (rejection phase)

Bicultural stage

This stage is characterized by a sense of belonging, trust, and sensitivity to the host culture. The person begins to accept and integrate aspects of both native and foreign culture and develops an ability to function in two cultures with confidence

symptoms of each stage

honeymoon “Morning after” biculturalism

excitementanticipationexpectationcuriouseuphoricpleasedelatedpositive

Anxiety

sadness

depression

frustration

irritability

bitterness

despair

anger

hostility

loneliness

boredom

confusion

rebellion

resentment

understanding of the new cultureobjective, balanced and impartial view of new culturea sense of belonging, trust, and sensitivity to host culture

T i p s

•Be prepared. •Set goals and stay busy•Avoid isolating yourself with people form the same cultural background. •Keep a sense of humor•Focus on what you can control •Don't invest major energy in minor problems •Ask for help •Write it down

Typical Pattern of Culture Shock

At first we think it is charming

Then we think it is evil

At last we think it is different

REVERSE CULTURE SHOCK