Review What was Jewish life like prior to the

partition of Poland What is the Pale of Settlement? What was Tsar Nicolas I’s plan for dealing

with the Jewish Problem? What were some ways he accomplished it?

What was the Haskalah? How did Judaism change religiously in

Eastern Europe?

East European Jewry

Part II

Anti-Semitism: Pogroms I Pogrom: Definition

Russian word for a violent riot, accompanied by pillage and murder, perpetrated by one group against another. Throughout Russian history pogroms occurred between various communities.

In a broader sense, pogrom has come to mean attacks by non-Jewish Russians against the Jews between 1881 and 1921.

Anti- Semitism: Pogroms II Primary Sources

“The Massacre of Jews at Kishinev” (page 409) “The City of Slaughter” (page 410)

Additional Discussion Questions What is different about who is condemned in

each document? What do we learn about this event by looking

at more than one document? Which argument do you agree with? Why?

Anti-Semitism: Blood Libel Menachem Mendel Beilis

(1874-1934) Non-observant Jew Soldier & Factory

superintendent Father of 5

Beilis Trial (1911-1913) Evidence did not point to

Beilis Outcry from around the world Beilis tried in 1913 Acquitted when murderer

turns himself in

Arrest of Menachem Beilis

Anti-Semitism: Jewish Response I Emigration from Russia

Causes Pogroms Economic Depression

Destinations America Israel South America

Baron De Hirsch (Jewish Colonization Association) Argentina and Brazil

Anti-Semitism: Jewish Response II Socialism

Definition – A movement which aims to improve society through collective action and communal ownership of property.

Begins in Western Europe in the 19th Century and spreads to Russia

Industrial Revolution Jews see in this ideology possibility for a better

future.

Anti-Semitism: Jewish Response IIa Algemeyner arbeter bund in Polyn un

Rusland (General Jewish Worker’s Union in Poland and Russia) Founded in 1897 Views

Secular political party opposed to traditional Judaism Sought rights for the proletariat Sought national-cultural autonomy for Jews

Member of RSDWP 1912 – sided with Mensheviks 1921 – joined the Communist Party

Changes in the 20th Century Similarities and Differences Between the

Bund and RSDWP Bund – Jewish nationalism RSDWP – Jews are not a nation

March Revolution (1917) Emancipation of the Jews Russification continues

Next Class Mid-term Exam

Need Raspberry Scantron Multiple Choice, T/F, Extra Credit