Review What was the Judenrat? What was Kristallnacht? What led to it? What happened at the Wannsee

Conference? Why was it significant? Why didn’t more Jews leave Europe during

the Holocaust? What were some ways Jews responded to

their circumstances during the Holocaust?

Rise of the State of Israel

Modern Israel in a NutshellThe Israelis

By Donna Rosenthal

Israel Place of contradictions

Jewish – Arab world Secular/Religious Modern/Traditional No homogenous groups

Group Mentality Everyone part of a family Tact = dishonesty

The State

Knesset – parliamentary system 120 members – rep over 20 different political parties Coalitions must be formed Political parties rep minority groups and religious groups

Religious State Not theocracy, but religious in nature

Israeli flag based on a tallit Jewish holidays are state holidays Control over life cycle events given to religious

groups

Israeli Defense Force Formed in 1948 Mandatory military service for men and

women Impact on lives of Israelis

Uniting experience Think creatively Family oriented

What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? Ashkenazim

WASP = White Ashkenazim with Proteksia Sabra – nickname for native Israelis Proteksia – Russian term for protection/power

Western and Eastern European Zionists and first settlers of Israel

Developed Kibutzim – communal living unique to Israel

Holocaust survivors Majority, shaped Israeli culture, expected

future Jewish immigrants to be the same

What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? Mizrahim

Middle East and Africa 1948-1960s – 870,000 Jews Arrived with little or no money

Culturally and religiously different Traditional Judaism Different foods and dress Some wanted them to “assimilate” to Ashkenazim

Still live as minority group Shas – political party that represents this group

What national groups make up Jewish Israelis? Russian

Came after 1989 Well educated Natan Sharansky

Emigrated in 1986 Created Yisrael

b’aliyah Member of Knesset

1996-2005 Not all are Jewish Cultural differences Tension with Mizrahi

What national groups make up Jewish Israelis?

Ethiopian Operation Moses (mid-

1980s) Operation Solomon

(1991) Different culture led to

racism Tension with religious

authority of state

Next Class Class Project

Individual Meetings Sign-up for time to meet with Professor Berger Arrive at least 5 minutes before meeting time