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Review Questions Session 5 Product Process Matrix Draw a productprocess matrix for the apparel industry and use it to discuss the operations strategy of the following companies: i) Marks & Spencer; ii) the “haute couture” department of a high fashion company; iii) a mass merchant; iv) Zara. Apparel industry A. In sectors characterized by uncertain demand and long lead times, such as the apparel industry, investing in tools and techniques to improve market forecasts is the most effective way to avoid endofseason sales at a discounted price to get rid of excess inventory. a) Yes. b) No. B. Newsboy losses are a serious concern for many firms in the fashion industry. Which one between the two companies below is more likely to suffer from these losses? Why? a) Marks & Spencer b) Zara Laurence and Ralph You are the purchasing manager of Laurence and Ralph, a manufacturer of high quality coats for men, the L&R Barbour. Manufacturing of the Barbour coats is outsourced to a Chinese firm. Due to the large volume of orders that the Chinese supplier must process, production has to be ordered from China before the season starts (i.e. before demand information is known). Any Barbours ordered by L&R from China, but unsold at the end of the sales season, are heavily discounted (i.e. they are sold below cost). Mindful of the inventory management tools that you learned in your supply chain management course at HEC, you correctly apply a Newsboy model to compute the optimal quantity that you should order from the Chinese supplier at the beginning of the season. Suppose that, after taking into account the parameters of the demand and the economics of the problem, you estimate that your optimal order to the Chinese firm for the next season should be Q* = 5,000 units. Before confirming the order with the Chinese firm, you discover that you also have the opportunity to use an Irish firm in addition to the Chinese supplier to manufacture the Barbour coats. Irish production is slightly more expensive than Chinese production, but is also more responsive. With Irish production, replenishment orders can be made throughout the sales season, eliminating any possibility of lost sales. Unsold Barbours at the end of the season continue to be sold to discount retailers below cost. If you accept the offer of the Irish firm, how do you expect the order from the Chinese supplier to be modified compared to the case when you cannot use the Irish supplier? a. It will decrease b. It will increase c. It will remain unchanged ChaseJacobs Chapter 17 Problem 1 (chapter on Khub) Revenue Management Consider a simple yield management problem. An aircraft has 100 seats, and there are two types of fares: full ($500) and discount ($100). Although there is unlimited demand for the discount fare, demand for full fare is estimated to be equally likely anywhere between 11 and 30. How many seats should be protected for fullfare passengers? ChaseJacobs Chapter 17 Problem 2 (chapter on Khub)

Review Questions Session 5

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Review Questions Session 5 

Product Process Matrix Draw a product‐process matrix for the apparel industry and use it to discuss the operations strategy 

of the following companies: i) Marks & Spencer; ii) the “haute couture” department of a high fashion 

company; iii) a mass merchant; iv) Zara.  

Apparel industry A. In sectors characterized by uncertain demand and long lead times, such as the apparel 

industry, investing in tools and techniques to improve market forecasts is the most effective way to avoid end‐of‐season sales at a discounted price to get rid of excess inventory. a) Yes. b) No.  

B. Newsboy losses are a serious concern for many firms in the fashion industry. Which one between the two companies below is more likely to suffer from these losses? Why? a) Marks & Spencer b) Zara 

 Laurence and Ralph You are the purchasing manager of Laurence and Ralph, a manufacturer of high quality coats for men, the L&R Barbour. Manufacturing of the Barbour coats is outsourced to a Chinese firm. Due to the large volume of orders that the Chinese supplier must process, production has to be ordered from China before the season starts (i.e. before demand information is known). Any Barbours ordered by L&R from China, but unsold at the end of the sales season, are heavily discounted (i.e. they are sold below cost). Mindful of the inventory management tools that you learned in your supply chain management course at HEC, you correctly apply a Newsboy model to compute the optimal quantity that you should order from the Chinese supplier at the beginning of the season. Suppose that, after taking into account the parameters of the demand and the economics of the problem, you estimate that your optimal order to the Chinese firm for the next season should be Q* = 5,000 units. Before confirming the order with the Chinese firm, you discover that you also have the opportunity to use an Irish firm in addition to the Chinese supplier to manufacture the Barbour coats. Irish production is slightly more expensive than Chinese production, but is also more responsive. With Irish production, replenishment orders can be made throughout the sales season, eliminating any possibility of lost sales. Unsold Barbours at the end of the season continue to be sold to discount retailers below cost. If you accept the offer of the Irish firm, how do you expect the order from the Chinese supplier to be modified compared to the case when you cannot use the Irish supplier? 

a. It will decrease b. It will increase c. It will remain unchanged  

Chase‐Jacobs Chapter 17 Problem 1 (chapter on K‐hub) 

Revenue Management Consider a simple yield management problem.  An aircraft has 100 seats, and there are two types of fares: full ($500) and discount ($100).  Although there is unlimited demand for the discount fare, demand for full fare is estimated to be equally likely anywhere between 11 and 30.  How many seats should be protected for full‐fare passengers?  Chase‐Jacobs Chapter 17 Problem 2 (chapter on K‐hub) 

 2 product scenario A factory makes two products.  It has capacity to produce a combined total of 100 units per week, in any combination.  Product 1 costs $20 per unit to make, and sells for $30.  Demand for this product exceeds the factory’s capacity.  Product 2 costs $10 per unit to make, and sells for $100, but demand is uncertain.  Product 2 is produced in batches once a week.  Any units that are not sold by the end of the week must be thrown out: they have no salvage value.  The average demand for Product 2 is 15 units with a standard deviation of 5.  How many units of Product 2, if any, should be produced?  Dual Sourcing A company sources bicycle components from China, which they source at the beginning of each selling season due to long production lead times. In recent years, the demand volatility has increased significantly resulting both in left-overs and lots sales, while the cost advantage of China relative to a Mexican competitor has decreased a lot. The CEO approaches you and wonders whether he should replace the Chinese supplier by the Mexican one who can deliver the components JIT or use some kind of combination of the two. He provides you with the following information for a typical bike (everything else is equal): Demand: The season’s demand for this model is about 600 bikes, with a standard deviation of 250. These bikes are sold at a retail price of $1000, with other locally sourced components and production cost accounting for a total cost (except for the cost of components from China) of $350. Chinese supplier: total landed cost of component (cost including shipping etc.): $200 per unit, Any components left at the end of the season are bought by a wholesaler at $90 per unit. Mexican supplier: total landed cost of component: $300 per unit. Due to JIT production, no unused items would remain at the end of the season. How many units should he source from the Chinese supplier at the beginning of each production cycle? How many units will he source on average from the Mexican supplier during the production cycle?